[Leish-l] why is Leishmania donovani restricted to humans in Indian subcontinent?

[Tamrat Abebe Zeleke]

Dear Carlos,

I agree with the comment given by Phillip Lawyer. The molecular analysis of
strains or isolates from India, Kenya, and South Western Ethiopia also
supports this notion. However, the issue of distinct strains in Sudan and
North Ethiopia opts for the fact that East Africa may be the origin of at
least the naughty L. donovani strains circulating in the region.

Tamrat Abebe
Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine ,
Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology
Tikur Anbessa Hospital
Second floor room number 76
Tel: +251 911 447227(mobile)
Email: tamrat.abebe at aau.edu.et
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On Mon, Sep 16, 2013 at 4:37 AM, Lawyer, Phillip (NIH/NIAID) [E] <
PhillipL at niaid.nih.gov> wrote:

> Dear Carlos,
>
>
>
> For what it's worth, I believe it most likely happened the other way
> around:  Leishmania donovani was probably introduced to East Africa from
> India during the late 1800s when laborers were brought from India to work
> in the Kenya building the railroad from Mombasa to Uganda and on other
> infrastructure projects.  Leishmania donovani in East Africa is manifest as
> kala azar and is anthroponotic, the same as in India.  The main vector in
> Kenya is Phlebotmus martini, which tends to breed in termite mounds, often
> associated with human dwellings.  Other Symphlebotomus species, Ph.
> vansomerenae and Ph. celiae have also been implicated in L. donovani
> transmission.
>
>
>
> Regards,
>
>
>
> Phil Lawyer
>
> ________________________________
> From: Carlos Brisola Marcondes [cbrisolamarcondes at gmail.com]
> Sent: Friday, August 30, 2013 8:41 AM
> To: Leish-L; leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br
> Subject: [Leish-l] why is Leishmania donovani restricted to humans in
> Indian subcontinent?
>
> Dear all,
> Leishmania donovani seems to have been introduced from East Africa to
> Indian subcontinent, where it has infected mostly humans, differently from
> East African foci.
>    Why does this occur? Is this caused by feeding preferences of
> Phlebotomus argentipes, which bites mostly ruminants and humans and is
> associated to houses? Or are dogs rarer in that region than in Brazil,
> where these animals are important reservoirs of Leishmania infantum and
> frequently bitten by Lutzomyia longipalpis?
>
> Sincerely yours
> prof. dr. Carlos Brisola Marcondes
> Dept. Microbiol. Imunol. Parasitol./CCB
> Federal University of Santa Catarina
> Florianópolis (SC)
> CV: http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783901J2
> blog: http://entomomedica.blogspot.com.br/
>
>
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