<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:georgia,serif">Dear Carlos,<br><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:georgia,serif">
<p class="">I agree with the comment given by Phillip Lawyer. The
molecular analysis of strains or isolates from India, Kenya, and South Western
Ethiopia also supports this notion. However, the issue of distinct strains in
Sudan and North Ethiopia opts for the fact that East Africa may be the origin
of at least the naughty L. donovani strains circulating in the region. </p>
</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><font face="tahoma, sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(111,168,220)">Tamrat Abebe</span><br></font></div><font color="#6fa8dc"><font face="tahoma, sans-serif">Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine ,<br>
Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology </font></font><div><font color="#6fa8dc"><font face="tahoma, sans-serif">Tikur Anbessa Hospital</font></font></div><div><font color="#6fa8dc"><font face="tahoma, sans-serif">Second floor room number 76<br>
Tel: +251 911 447227(mobile)<br>Email:</font><font face="comic sans ms, sans-serif"> </font><a href="mailto:tamrat.abebe@aau.edu.et" target="_blank"><font face="tahoma, sans-serif">tamrat.abebe@aau.edu.et</font></a></font><div>
<font color="#6fa8dc" face="comic sans ms, sans-serif"><b><br></b></font><div><font color="#666666" face="comic sans ms, sans-serif"><b><br></b></font> <br><br> <br></div></div></div></div></div>
<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Sep 16, 2013 at 4:37 AM, Lawyer, Phillip (NIH/NIAID) [E] <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:PhillipL@niaid.nih.gov" target="_blank">PhillipL@niaid.nih.gov</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Dear Carlos,<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
For what it's worth, I believe it most likely happened the other way around: Leishmania donovani was probably introduced to East Africa from India during the late 1800s when laborers were brought from India to work in the Kenya building the railroad from Mombasa to Uganda and on other infrastructure projects. Leishmania donovani in East Africa is manifest as kala azar and is anthroponotic, the same as in India. The main vector in Kenya is Phlebotmus martini, which tends to breed in termite mounds, often associated with human dwellings. Other Symphlebotomus species, Ph. vansomerenae and Ph. celiae have also been implicated in L. donovani transmission.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Phil Lawyer<br>
<br>
________________________________<br>
From: Carlos Brisola Marcondes [<a href="mailto:cbrisolamarcondes@gmail.com">cbrisolamarcondes@gmail.com</a>]<br>
Sent: Friday, August 30, 2013 8:41 AM<br>
To: Leish-L; <a href="mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br">leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br</a><br>
Subject: [Leish-l] why is Leishmania donovani restricted to humans in Indian subcontinent?<br>
<div><div class="h5"><br>
Dear all,<br>
Leishmania donovani seems to have been introduced from East Africa to Indian subcontinent, where it has infected mostly humans, differently from East African foci.<br>
Why does this occur? Is this caused by feeding preferences of Phlebotomus argentipes, which bites mostly ruminants and humans and is associated to houses? Or are dogs rarer in that region than in Brazil, where these animals are important reservoirs of Leishmania infantum and frequently bitten by Lutzomyia longipalpis?<br>
<br>
Sincerely yours<br>
prof. dr. Carlos Brisola Marcondes<br>
Dept. Microbiol. Imunol. Parasitol./CCB<br>
Federal University of Santa Catarina<br>
Florianópolis (SC)<br>
CV: <a href="http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783901J2" target="_blank">http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783901J2</a><br>
blog: <a href="http://entomomedica.blogspot.com.br/" target="_blank">http://entomomedica.blogspot.com.br/</a><br>
<br>
<br>
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