[leish-l] Fwd: Articles found by RefScout 29/06/05 - 26/2005
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Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2005 06:40:12
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This is RefScout-Newsletter 26/2005
REQUEST: [ leishmaniasis ]
(17 articles match this request)
PMID: 15972476
TITLE: Antagonizing deactivating cytokines to enhance host defense and
chemotherapy in experimental visceral leishmaniasis.
AUTHORS: Henry W Murray, Kathleen C Flanders, Debra D Donaldson, Joseph P Sypek,
Philip J Gotwals, Jianguo Liu, Xiaojing Ma
AFFILIATION: Weill Medical College, Box 136, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10021.
hwmurray at med.cornell.edu.
REFERENCE: Infect Immun 2005 Jul 73(7):3903-11
In experimental visceral leishmaniasis, inhibition of interleukin 10 (IL
-10) signaling enhances Th1-cell-associated responses, promoting gamma
interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion, granuloma assembly, macrophage
activation with substantial liver parasite killing, and synergy with
pentavalent antimony (Sb) chemotherapy. To determine if inhibiting other
suppressive cytokines has similar therapeutic potential, Leishmania
donovani-infected BALB/c mice were injected with anti-IL-4 monoclonal
antibody or receptor fusion antagonists of IL-13 or transforming growth
factor beta (TGF-beta). Targeting IL-13 or TGF-beta enabled inhibition
of L. donovani replication but little parasite killing; anti-IL-4 had no
effect. None of the three antagonists promoted IFN-gamma production,
granuloma maturation, or Sb efficacy. Excess IL-13 and TGF-beta
exacerbated liver infection; however, effects were transient. Among IL-
10, IL-4, IL-13, and TGF-beta, cytokines capable of disabling Th1-cell
mechanisms (including those which support chemotherapy), IL-10 appears
to be the appropriate target for therapeutic inhibition in visceral L.
donovani infection.
PMID: 15980336
TITLE: Alteration of Fatty Acid and Sterol Metabolism in Miltefosine-Resistant
Leishmania donovani Promastigotes and Consequences for Drug-Membrane
Interactions.
AUTHORS: M Rakotomanga, M Saint-Pierre-Chazalet, P M Loiseau
AFFILIATION: Chimiothérapie Antiparasitaire, UMR 8076 CNRS, Faculté de
Pharmacie, Université Paris XI, F-92290, ChÄtenay-Malabry, France.
Philippe.Loiseau at cep.u-psud.fr.
REFERENCE: Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005 Jul 49(7):2677-86
Miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine [HePC]) is the first orally active
drug approved for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. In order to
investigate the biochemical modifications occurring in HePC-resistant (
HePC-R) Leishmania donovani promastigotes, taking into account the lipid
nature of HePC, we investigated their fatty acid and sterol metabolisms
. We found that the content of unsaturated phospholipid alkyl chains was
lower in HePC-R parasite plasma membranes than in those of the wild
type, suggesting a lower fluidity of HePC-R parasite membranes. We also
demonstrated that HePC insertion within an external monolayer was more
difficult when the proportion of unsaturated phospholipids decreased,
rendering the HePC interaction with the external monolayer of HePC-R
parasites more difficult. Furthermore, HePC-R parasite membranes
displayed a higher content of short alkyl chain fatty acids, suggesting
a partial inactivation of the fatty acid elongation enzyme system in
HePC-R parasites. Sterol biosynthesis was found to be modified in HePC-R
parasites, since the 24-alkylated sterol content was halved in HePC-R
parasites; however, this modification was not related to HePC
sensitivity. In conclusion, HePC resistance affects three lipid
biochemical pathways: fatty acid elongation, the desaturase system
responsible for fatty acid alkyl chain unsaturation, and the C-24-
alkylation of sterols.
PMID: 15949184
TITLE: Evaluation of a dot-immunoblot assay for detecting leishmanial antigen in
naturally infected Phlebotomus argentipes (Diptera: Psychodidae).
AUTHORS: V Kumar, S Bimal, S Kesari, A J Kumar, A K Bagchi, M A Akbar, K
Kishore, S K Bhattacharya, P Das
AFFILIATION: Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Indian
Council of Medical Research, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar. vijay_rmri at sify.com
REFERENCE: Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2005 Jun 99(4):371-6
A simple and highly reproducible dot-immunoblot assay was developed to
detect leishmanial antigen in Phlebotomus argentipes that were naturally
infected with Leishmania donovani. The test was sensitive to as little
as 10 ng of antigenic protein (equivalent to the gut content of one
laboratory-infected sandfly) and also appeared to be specific, in that
it gave a positive result with some P. argentipes (the primary vector of
L. donovani in India) and L. donovani but not with P. papatasi or other
pathogens.When used to investigate a large number of sandflies
collected from two areas of the Indian state of Bihar where visceral
leishmaniasis is endemic, the assay appeared sufficiently sensitive and
specific to detect the naturally infected insects. The simplicity,
reproducibility, high sensitivity and high specificity of the assay
should make it useful for field studies, particularly in determining the
prevalence of sandfly infection, the local level of transmission, and
the impact of vector-control programmes.
PMID: 15888299
TITLE: Effect of a juvenile hormone analogue on Leishmania amazonensis and
Leishmania braziliensis.
AUTHORS: M Esteva, C Maidana, A Sinagra, C Luna, A M Ruiz, A M Stoka
AFFILIATION: Instituto Nacional de ParasitologÃa "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén,"
Buenos Aires, Argentina. miesteva at yahoo.com
REFERENCE: Exp Parasitol 2005 Jun 110(2):162-4
PMID: 15977897
TITLE: Genetic homogeneity within Leishmania (L.) infantum isolated from human
and dogs: the relationship with the sandfly fauna distribution in endemic areas
of Nueva Esparta State, Venezuela.
AUTHORS: N M Rodriguez, Z De Guglielmo, M A Barrios, R M Barrios, O Zerpa, M D
Feliciangeli
AFFILIATION: Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty
of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, San Nicolas a Providencia, San
José, Apdo 4043, Caracas 1010 A, Venezuela. nrodr at telcel.net.ve
REFERENCE: Parasitology 2005 Jun 130(Pt 6):611-9
Leishmania infantum has been described as a highly polymorphic group of
parasites, responsible for visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous
leishmaniasis. In this paper we report the life-cycle of L. (L.)
infantum in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in Venezuela, by
using molecular diagnosis and characterization of parasites isolated
from dogs, humans with visceral leishmaniasis and sand flies. The
molecular characterization was carried out by use of kDNA restriction
analysis, dot-blot hybridization with species-specific probes and RFLP
of the PCR products. The results demonstrated that L. (L.) infantum is
the parasite responsible for VL in the island. The parasites were
revealed to be genetically homogeneous with no intra-specific
differences between isolates from different individuals. The highest
homology of the isolates was with L. (L.) infantum from the Old World
rather than with L. (L.) chagasi from the New World. Additionally, we
report the geographical distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis, and the
relationship with the transmission of L. (L.) infantum in the studied
area.
PMID: 15845457
TITLE: A role for CD103 in the retention of CD4+CD25+ Treg and control of
Leishmania major infection.
AUTHORS: Isabelle Suffia, Stacie K Reckling, Gerson Salay, Yasmine Belkaid
AFFILIATION: Division of Molecular Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital
Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
REFERENCE: J Immunol 2005 May 174(9):5444-55
Endogenous regulatory T cells (T(reg)) play a central role in the
control of excessive or misdirected immune responses against self or
foreign Ags. To date, virtually no data are available on the nature of
the molecules and signals involved in the trafficking and retention of T
(reg) in tissues where regulation is required. Here, we show that
expression of alpha(E)beta(7) integrin is necessary for the homing of T(
reg) at site of Leishmania major infection. The vast majority of T(reg)
present in the dermis at steady-state conditions or during L. major
infection express the alpha(E) chain (CD103) of alpha(E)beta(7).
Genetically susceptible BALB/c mice that lack CD103 become resistant to
infection, a phenotype that is associated with a poor capacity of T(reg
) to be retained in the infected site. Such susceptible phenotype can be
restored when T(reg) from wild-type mice were transferred in CD103
(-/-) mice. The central role of CD103 in T(reg) retention was further
demonstrated by usage of blocking Abs against CD103 and the transfer of
T(reg) purified from CD103(-/-) mice. Our results strongly suggest that
this molecule is induced and maintained on T(reg) following or just
prior to their arrival in tissues. Furthermore, the expression of CD103
and the subsequent retention of T(reg) in tissues is highly regulated by
their exposure to Leishmania Ag and the level of activation of the APCs
they encounter. Thus, CD103, by controlling T(reg) retention, can
contribute to the outcome of chronic infection by Leishmania.
PMID: 15976627
TITLE: [Nasal leishmaniasis: a case report.]
AUTHORS: J-Fr Vellin, M Russier, G Mougeot, J-L Kemeny, L Gilain
AFFILIATION: Service d'ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Centre Hospitalier
Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 69, 63003, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1.
REFERENCE: Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 2005 Apr 122(2):100-4
OBJECTIVE: To report a nasal leishmaniasis diagnosed by septal
perforation biopsy.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We report a case of septal
perforation with crusty rhinosinusitis and nasal vestibulitis in a 54-
year-old woman with cirrhosis.RESULTS: Mucocartilaginous biopsy revealed
a mucosal leishmaniasis. Biological and radiologic findings were normal
. Clinical follow-up with anti-parasitical treatment showed a regression
of the patient's muco-cutaneous lesion and regression of her hepatic
insufficiency.CONCLUSION: Biopsy of septal perforation is a useful
diagnostic tool, advocated for differentiate infectious, neoplasic and
inflammatory pathology. Leishmaniasis may be evoked in rhinologic
pathology.
PMID: 15856417
TITLE: In vitro antileishmanial activity of diphyllin isolated from Haplophyllum
bucharicum.
AUTHORS: Carole Di Giorgio, Florence Delmas, Valentina Akhmedjanova, Evelyne
Ollivier, Iraida Bessonova, Elias Riad, Pierre Timon-David
AFFILIATION: Laboratoire de Parasitologie Hygiène et Zoologie, Faculté de
Pharmacie, Marseille, France. Carole.Digiorgio at Pharmacie.univ-mrs.fr
REFERENCE: Planta Med 2005 Apr 71(4):366-9
Diphyllin isolated from Haplophyllum bucharicum Litv. (Rutaceae), an
endemic plant of Uzbekistan, displayed a moderate antiproliferative
activity towards human monocytes (IC50 = 35.2 microM) and Leishmania
promastigotes (IC50 = 14.4 microM), by a mechanism of action that
involved interaction with macromolecules and resulted in cell cycle
arrest in the S-phase and inhibition of protein synthesis. In the
intracellular amastigote form of the parasite, diphyllin exerted a
strong specific inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.2 microM) resulting from
the inhibition of parasite internalization within macrophages. This
property was mainly due to modulation of macrophage phagocytosis and, to
a lesser extent, it also involved interference with surface molecules
of the promastigote membrane.
PMID: 15970028
TITLE: Adenosine deaminase activity in sera of patients with visceral
leishmaniasis in Nepal.
AUTHORS: N Baral, K D Mehta, L Chandra, M Lamsal, S Rijal, S Koirala
AFFILIATION: Department of Biochemistry, BP Koirala Institute of Health
Sciences, Ghopa, BPKIHS, Dharan, Nepal. nirmalbaral at yahoo.com
REFERENCE: Trop Doct 2005 Apr 35(2):86-8
This longitudinal study was conducted in BP Koirala Institute of Health
Sciences (BPKIHS), a Medical University situated in eastern Nepal,
between May 2001 and December 2001. The main objective of the study was
to identify the role of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in patients
with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) for management. There was a significant
increase in mean ADA activity in sera of 49 patients with VL (323.71+/-
184.51 IU/L) compared with 50 samples of control groups (47.11+/-24.94
IU/L) from the same endemic area (P < 0.001). ADA activities were
found to be significantly decreased (50.35+/-41.35 IU/L) in follow-up
cases (n = 19) after 30 days with sodium stibogluconate treatment at a
dose of 20 mg/kg/day intramuscularly. The fall in the level of ADAF (
after treatment) in follow-up cases correlated with the cure of disease
, as evident from improvement of vital signs and symptoms and the
absence of Leishmania donavani bodies in the sera. The study therefore
suggests the possibility of using human serum ADA as a convenient marker
to evaluate the diagnosis of VL to support the clinical findings,
especially in those settings where there is a lack of highly qualified
personnel and diagnostic facilities.
PMID: 15966291
TITLE: Fine needle aspiration of lymphadenopathy in visceral leishmaniasis.
AUTHORS: Shatrughan Prasad Sah, Rajniti Prasad, Gita Ashok Raj
AFFILIATION: Department of Pathology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health
Sciences, Dharan, Nepal. sah_sp at yahoo.com
REFERENCE: Acta Cytol 2005 May-Jun 49(3):286-90
OBJECTIVE: To illustrate the cytomorphologic features of Leishmania
lymphadenitis associated with visceral leishmaniasis (V/L) and post-kala
-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) and to highlight the fact that
Leishmania lymphadenitis must he included in the differential diagnosis
of patients presenting with lymphadenopathy, particularly in areas
endemic for the disease. STUDY DESIGN: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) was
routinely done in 21 cases of lymphadenopathy in VL (18 cases) and PKDL
(3 cases), and the detailed cytomorphologic features were correlated
with the respective histopathologic findings. RESULTS: Amastigote forms
of Leishman-Donovan (LD) bodies were seen in 19 cases both
intracellularly, in histiocytes and multinucleate giant cells, and
extracellularly. The FNA smears revealed a polymorphous population of
cells composed of lymphocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells, giant cells
and tingible body macrophages. In a few cases, epithelioid cell
granulomas were also seen. The cytomorphologic features were confirmed
and correlated on histopathology. CONCLUSION: Not all lymphadenopathy in
VL and PKDL is due to Leishmania lymphadenitis. Demonstration of LD
bodies on FNA smears helps with the early diagnosis of VL and PKDL with
lymphadenopathy where the diseases are endemic.
PMID: 15969649
TITLE: Pathogenomics Analysis of Leishmania spp.: Flagellar Gene Families of
Putative Virulence Factors.
AUTHORS: Diana M Oliveira, Joao Jose S Gouveia, Nilo B Diniz, Ana Carolina L
Pacheco, Elton Jose R Vasconcelos, Michely C Diniz, Daniel A Viana, Thiago D
Ferreira, Marianna C Albuquerque, Daniel C Fortier, Allan R S Maia, Luis A C
Costa, João Osmar P Melo, Maria Cristina Da Silva, Cezar A Walter, Jose O
Faria, Adriana R Tome, Marcos Jose N Gomes, Sonia M P Oliveira, Raimundo
Araújo-Filho, Raimundo B Costa, Rodrigo Maggioni,
AFFILIATION: Núcleo de Genômica e Bioinformática, Faculdade de Veterinária,
Universidade Estadual do Ceara (UECE), Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, Ceara,
Brazil.
REFERENCE: OMICS 2005 9(2):173-93
The trypanosomatid flagellar apparatus contains conventional and unique
features, whose roles in infectivity are still enigmatic. Although the
flagellum and the flagellar pocket are critical organelles responsible
for all vesicular trafficking between the cytoplasm and cell surface,
still very little is known about their roles in pathogenesis and how
molecules get to and from the flagellar pocket. The ongoing analysis of
the genome sequences and proteome profiles of Leishmania major and L
infantum, Trypanosoma cruzi, T. brucei, and T. gambiensi ( www.genedb.
org ), coupled with our own work on L. chagasi (as part of the Brazilian
Northeast Genome Program- www.progene.ufpe.br ), prompted us to
scrutinize flagellar genes and proteins of Leishmania spp. promastigotes
that could be virulence factors in leishmaniasis. We have identified
some overlooked parasite factors such as the MNUDC-1 (a protein involved
in nuclear development and genomic fusion) and SQS (an enzyme of sterol
biosynthesis), among the described flagellar gene families. A database
concerning the results of this work, as well as of other studies of
Leishmania and its organelles, is available at http://nugen.lcc.uece.br/
LPGate . It will serve as a convenient bioinformatics resource on
genomics and pathology of the etiological agents of leishmaniasis.
PMID: 15941068
TITLE: [Importance of amastigote forms morphology to differentiate Leishmania
infantum and Leishmania major species]
AUTHORS: K Aoun, M K Chahed, M Mokni, Z Harrat, A Bouratbine
AFFILIATION: Laboratoire de parasitologie clinique, Institut pasteur de Tunis,
BP 74, 1002 Tunis Belvédère, Tunisie.
REFERENCE: Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis 2003 80(1-4):53-6
The microscopic study of the dermal smears of 62 cases of cutaneous
leishmaniose, 27 infected by Leishmania (L.) infantum and 35 by L. major
, showed that the amastigotes of L. infantum are meaningfully smaller (p
< 0.001). This criteria is a simple pary alternative to distinguish
these 2 species which have completely different epidemiology, recovery
delay and prophylactic dispositions.
PMID: 15941064
TITLE: [Risk factors of leishmanin-skin test positivity in transmission of
Leishmania infantum in the center of Tunisia]
AUTHORS: A Ben Salah, N Ben Alaya Bouafif, S Chlif, A Gharbi, N Bel Haj Hamida,
A Zaatour, K Dellagi
AFFILIATION: Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur-BP 74, 1002 Tunis
Belvédère, Tunisie.
REFERENCE: Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis 2003 80(1-4):17-27
This work aims to estimate prevalence and evaluate risk factors of
leishmanin-skin test positivity. A cross-sectional leishmanin skin test
study was carried out on a sample of 3190 healthy volunteers living in
the gouvernorates of Kairouan and Kasserine. Age standardized prevalence
of leishmanin-skin test positivity was 45.9% (CI95% = [43.9-47.9])
confirming the hyper endemicity of this region. The rate of leishmanin-
skin test positivity ranged from 75.9% (CI95% = [71.9-79.5]) in Zaghdoud
(Kairouan) to 6.5% (CI95% = [3.7-11.01) in Abdeladhim (Kasserine).
There is no significant difference between men and women suggesting a
similar exposure to infection. In the districts of Zaghdoud, Sidi Amor,
El Hajeb and chbika, age specific rates showed a rapid increasing
positive prevalence with age reaching a proportion exceeding 80% after
the age of 15 years. However, the age specific prevalence from other
delegations showed a progressive increasing trend with age, with a low
rate for younger children and a plateau of 75% after 45 years.
Multivariate analysis of leishmanin-skin test positivity risk factors
showed that only district and age are determinants of this infection.
PMID: 15945182
TITLE: [Parasitic epidemiology and ecology laboratory]
AUTHORS: R Ben Ismail
REFERENCE: Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis 1997 Jan-Apr 74(1-2):83-90
PMID: 15945179
TITLE: [Immunology laboratory]
AUTHORS: K Dellagi
REFERENCE: Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis 1997 Jan-Apr 74(1-2):61-74
********************************************************************************************************************
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PMID: 15577769
TITLE: Cutaneous leishmaniasis in soldiers returning from deployment to Iraq.
AUTHORS: James F Pehoushek, David M Quinn, William P Crum
AFFILIATION: Department of Dermatology, Reynolds Army Community Hospital, Fort
Sill, Oklahoma, USA. jpehoushek at cox.net
REFERENCE: J Am Acad Dermatol 2004 Nov 51(5 Suppl):S197-200
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is becoming a frequently encountered problem in
soldiers returning from deployments to areas in Southwest Asia. Two
cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosed at a military treatment
facility in soldiers returning from Iraq are presented. Diagnostic
considerations and procedures are reviewed as are the histopathologic
findings and treatment options.
PMID: 14509340
TITLE: Liquid chromatographic method for analysis of saponins in Maesa balansae
extract active against leishmaniasis.
AUTHORS: Stefanie Leonard, Raul Capote, Nils Germonprez, Luc Van Puyvelde,
Norbert De Kimpe, Hans Vermeersch, Jan Rosier, Louis Maes, Eugène Roets, Jos
Hoogmartens
AFFILIATION: Laboratorium voor Farmaceutische Chemie en Analyse van
Geneesmiddelen, Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen, Katholieke Universiteit
Leuven, E. Van Evenstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
REFERENCE: J Chromatogr A 2003 Sep 1012(1):39-46
A liquid chromatographic method was developed for the separation of six
related triterpenoid saponins in Maesa balansae extracts with different
purity, active against leishmaniasis. As stationary phase a Hypersil BDS
C18 column (3 microm), 100 x 4.6 mm was used. The mobile phase was a
mixture of methanol, acetonitrile, 5% (m/v) ammonium acetate, pH 6.5 and
water. A linear gradient was developed for the analysis of crude
extracts. An isocratic method was developed to analyze purified samples
that mainly contained saponins 3 and 4, the most active saponins. The
isocratic LC method was optimized and the robustness was evaluated with
an experimental design. The method showed good selectivity,
repeatability, linearity and sensitivity.
REQUEST: [ leishmania ]
(12 articles match this request. 9 articles matching other requests removed)
PMID: 15971557
TITLE: Pregnancy impairs resistance of C57BL/6 mice to Leishmania major
infection.
AUTHORS: O G Arinola, J S Louis, F Tacchini-Cottier, A Aseffa, L S Salimonu
AFFILIATION: Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, College of
Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. arinolaog at doctor.com
REFERENCE: Afr J Med Med Sci 2005 Mar 34(1):65-70
To determine if gestational factors affect the severity of L. major
infection, this study assessed the levels of IL-4 mRNA and IFN-gamma
mRNA in popliteal lymph node cells of pregnant C57BL/6 mice mated at 5
hours, 16 hours and 15 days post L. major infection using PCR. Infected
pregnant C57BL/6 mice developed larger cutaneous footpad lesions
compared with non-pregnant infected C57BL/6 mice. The resolution of
footpad lesions commenced after 8th week in C57BL/6 mice mated at 16 hrs
post L. major infection but 12 weeks in C57BL/6 mice mated at 5 hrs and
15 days post L. major infection. C57BL/6 mice that were infected 20
days post partum resolved L. major infection effectively. But, the
lesions in infected pregnant C57BL/6 mice and infected non-pregnant
C57BL/6 mice were not as large as in susceptible BALB/c mice. The mean
litter weights were similar in pregnant infected C57BL/6 mice mated at
different stages of L. major infection but were slightly lower than
weights of litters from pregnant uninfected C57BL/6 mice. In 5 days
infected pregnant C57BL/6 mice, the levels of IFN-gamma were raised
compared with the levels of IL-4 but those mated at 15 days post L.
major infection had highest level of IFN-gamma mRNA. In 10 days pregnant
infected C57BL/6 mice, levels of IL-4 were raised compared with IFN-
gamma but mice mated at 16 hrs post L. major infection had highest level
of IL-4. In 15 days pregnant infected mice, the levels of IL-4 were
higher than IFN-gamma irrespective of the stage of L. major infection
when the mice were mated. Mice infected with L. major 20 days post-
partum produced more IFN-gamma than IL-4 from 16 hrs post L. major
infection onwards. It may be concluded that increased IL-4 in pregnant
infected C57BL/6 mice impairs the resistance of C57BL/6 mice to L. major
infection especially in mice that were pregnant before effective
immunity (5 hours post L. major infection) is mounted against L. major
infection.
PMID: 15757817
TITLE: Comparison of topical paromomycin sulfate (twice/day) with intralesional
meglumine antimoniate for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L.
major.
AUTHORS: Babak Shazad, Babak Abbaszadeh, Ali Khamesipour
AFFILIATION: Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
REFERENCE: Eur J Dermatol 2005 Mar-Apr 15(2):85-7
This is an open study to compare the cure rate of cutaneous
leishmaniasis caused by L. major and treated with either paromomycin
sulfate or intralesional injection of meglumine antimoniate. Sixty
parasitologically proven cases with 1-3 lesions were included and
divided randomly into two equal groups; one group received 1 ml of
meglumine antimonate intradermally every other day for 20 days, the
other group received the ointment containing 15% parmomycin sulfate in
urea twice daily for 20 days. The patients were clinically evaluated at
1 and 6 weeks after treatment was completed. The results of clinical
evaluation at 1 week after treatment completed showed a cure rate of 18
out of 27 (66%) in the meglumine antimonate injected group and 20 out of
29 (68%) in the paromomycin sulfate treated group. The chi square test
was used to compare the cure rate between the two groups and showed no
significant difference (p = 0.85).
PMID: 15972797
TITLE: Thermolytic CpG-containing DNA oligonucleotides as potential
immunotherapeutic prodrugs.
AUTHORS: Andrzej Grajkowski, Joao Pedras-Vasconcelos, Vivian Wang, Cristina
AusÃn, Sonja Hess, Daniela Verthelyi, Serge L Beaucage
AFFILIATION: Laboratory of Chemistry, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research,
Food and Drug Administration 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
REFERENCE: Nucleic Acids Res 2005 33(11):3550-60
A CpG-containing DNA oligonucleotide functionalized with the 2-(N-formyl
-N-methyl)aminoethyl thiophosphate protecting group (CpG ODN fma1555)
was prepared from phosphoramidites 1a-d using solid-phase techniques.
The oligonucleotide behaved as a prodrug by virtue of its conversion to
the well-studied immunomodulatory CpG ODN 1555 through thermolytic
cleavage of the 2-(N-formyl-N-methyl)aminoethyl thiophosphate protecting
group. Such a conversion occurred at 37 degrees C with a half-time of
73 h. The immunostimulatory properties of CpG ODN fma1555 were evaluated
in two in vivo assays, one of which consisted of mice challenged in the
ear with live Leishmania major metacyclic promastigotes. Local
intradermal administration of CpG ODN fma1555 was as effective as that
of CpG ODN 1555 in reducing the size of Leishmania lesions over time. In
a different infectious model, CpG ODN 1555 prevented the death of
Tacaribe-infected mice (43% survival) when administered between day 0
and 3 post infection. Administration of CpG ODN fma1555 three days
before infection resulted in improved immunoprotection (60-70% survival
). Moreover, co-administration of CpG ODN fma1555 and CpG ODN 1555 in
this model increased the window for therapeutic treatment against
Tacaribe virus infection, and thus supports the use of thermolytic
oligonucleotides as prodrugs in the effective treatment of infectious
diseases.
REQUEST: [ sand fly ]
(0 articles match this request)
REQUEST: [ sandfly ]
(2 articles match this request. 2 articles matching other requests removed)
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