[leish-l] Fwd: Articles found by RefScout 08/06/2005 - 23/2005

[jeffreyj at usp.br]

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This is RefScout-Newsletter 23/2005 .






REQUEST: [ leishmaniasis ]

(11 articles match this request. 3 articles matching other requests removed)



PMID: 15908422
 

TITLE: CD4+ T cells play a dominant role in protection against New World
leishmaniasis induced by vaccination with the P-4 amastigote antigen.

AUTHORS: Sujata Kar, Christine Metz, Diane McMahon-Pratt

AFFILIATION: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University
School of Medicine, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA.

REFERENCE: Infect Immun 2005 Jun 73(6):3823-7

Immunodepletion studies of P-4-vaccinated mice indicate that CD4+ and 
not CD8+ T cells are critical for protection against Leishmania pifanoi
 (Leishmania mexicana complex). Although a moderate CD8+ T-cell response
 is elicited by vaccination, CD4+ T cells are the dominant responding 
population in vitro and at the cutaneous site of infection. These 
protective T cells produce gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), macrophage 
migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and tumor necrosis factor/lymphotoxin
 (TNF/LT), each of which significantly contributed to intracellular 
parasite destruction in vitro. These results indicate that a singular 
CD4+ T-cell response (IFN-gamma, MIF, and/or LT/TNF) can provide 
protection against New World cutaneous leishmaniasis.








PMID: 15811879
 

TITLE: Arginase and polyamine synthesis are key factors in the regulation of
experimental leishmaniasis in vivo.

AUTHORS: Pascale Kropf, José M Fuentes, Eva Fähnrich, Luis Arpa, Shanthi
Herath, Verena Weber, Germán Soler, Antonio Celada, Manuel Modolell, Ingrid
Müller

AFFILIATION: Imperial College London, Department of Immunology, Norfolk Pl.,
London W2 1PG, UK. i.muller at imperial.ac.uk.

REFERENCE: FASEB J 2005 Jun 19(8):1000-2

Arginase 1, an enzyme induced by Th2 cytokines, is a hallmark of 
alternatively activated macrophages and is responsible for the 
hydrolysis of L-arginine into ornithine, the building block for the 
production of polyamines. Upregulation of arginase 1 has been observed 
in a variety of diseases, but the mechanisms by which arginase 
contributes to pathology are not well understood. We reveal here a 
unique role for arginase 1 in the pathogenesis of nonhealing 
leishmaniasis, a prototype Th2 disease, and demonstrate that the 
activity of this enzyme promotes pathology and uncontrolled growth of 
Leishmania parasites in vivo. Inhibition of arginase activity during the
 course of infection has a clear therapeutic effect, as evidenced by 
markedly reduced pathology and efficient control of parasite replication
. Despite the clear amelioration of the disease, this treatment does not
 alter the Th2 response. To address the underlying mechanisms, the 
arginase-induced L-arginine catabolism was investigated and the results 
demonstrate that arginase regulates parasite growth directly by 
affecting the polyamine synthesis in macrophages.




PMID: 15885694
 

TITLE: The 3A1-La monoclonal antibody reveals key features of Leishmania (L)
amazonensis metacyclic promastigotes and inhibits procyclics attachment to the
sand fly midgut.

AUTHORS: Lucia H Pinto-da-Silva, Patrícia Fampa, Deivid Costa Soares, Sandra M
P Oliveira, Thais Souto-Padron, Elvira M Saraiva

AFFILIATION: Laboratório de Imunobiologia das Leishmanioses, Departamento de
Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

REFERENCE: Int J Parasitol 2005 Jun 35(7):757-64

In this work, we characterise metacyclic promastigotes of Leishmania 
amazonensis, the causative agent of cutaneous and diffuse cutaneous 
leishmaniasis in the New World. To purify metacyclics from stationary 
culture by negative selection, we used the monoclonal antibody 3A1-La 
produced against procyclic promastigotes. The purified forms named 3A1-
La(-) promastigotes, present key metacyclic characteristics: slender 
cell body and long flagella, ultrastructural features, resistance to 
complement lysis, high infectivity for macrophages and mice and reduced 
capacity for binding to the sand fly midgut. Moreover, the epitope 
recognised by 3A1-La is important for the promastigote attachment to the
 insect vector midgut epithelium. These results further characterise 3A1
-La(-) promastigotes as metacyclic forms of L. amazonensis.




PMID: 15928615
 

TITLE: Cutaneous leishmaniasis in soldiers from Fort Campbell, Kentucky
returning from Operation Iraqi Freedom highlights diagnostic and therapeutic
options.

AUTHORS: Robert J Willard, Anelia M Jeffcoat, Paul M Benson, Douglas S Walsh

AFFILIATION: Dermatology Services, Blanchfield Army Community Hospital, Fort
Campbell, Kentucky, USA.

REFERENCE: J Am Acad Dermatol 2005 Jun 52(6):977-87

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), rare in the first Gulf War, is
 common in American troops serving in Operation Iraqi Freedom. Awareness
 of the clinical features and treatment options of CL would benefit 
clinicians who may encounter soldiers, as well as civilians, returning 
from the Middle East with skin lesions. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to 
describe our clinical experience in treating soldiers with CL. METHODS: