[Leish-l] why is Leishmania donovani restricted to humans in Indian subcontinent?
Marylene- Seção Ténica de P esquisa
maryleneb at sucen.sp.gov.br
Fri Jan 10 16:35:43 BRST 2014
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grata
DrªMarylene de Brito Arduino
Pesquisador Científico
Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de São Paulo
Superintendência de Controle de Endemias - SUCEN
Seção Técnica de Pesquisa em Vetores- Serviço Regional 3 - Taubaté
(12) 36327616
On Fri, 15 Nov 2013 14:13:53 +0000, Isabel Mauricio wrote
> Dear all
>
> I don't think it is as simple as saying that there was an
> introduction of L. donovani in India from East Africa or vice-versa.
> Genetically, the two are quite distinct, and although the Indian
> focus is quite homogeneous, phylogenetically it doesn't emerge from
> the East African strains. It is more likely that they have evolved
> separately. Older populations may have become extinct, and it's not
> clear what is the origin of the Indian (actually East Indian)
> strains (MON-2). Their ancestral populations may well have
> disappeared. The surviving branch could have been the best adapted
> to the local sand fly population.
>
> In any case, when talking about East Africa, one must distinguish
> between the Sudan/Ethiopia region and the Kenyan region. They are
> genetically distinct, as well, and do not form a homogeneous group.
>
> A PNAS paper that analysed a large amount of genetic marker data for
> selected strains suggests that the Indian strains belong to an early
> branching group from a larger population that migrated through
> central Asia.
>
> http://www.pnas.org/content/104/22/9375.full.pdf
>
> All the best
> Isabel Mauricio
>
> De: Kandan Ilango [mailto:kilangozsi at gmail.com]
> Enviada: 13 de novembro de 2013 05:45
> Para: Lawyer, Phillip (NIH/NIAID) [E]
> Cc: Leish-L at lineu.icb.usp.br
> Assunto: Re: [Leish-l] why is Leishmania donovani restricted to
> humans in Indian subcontinent?
>
> Dear all,
>
> Phil comment tempts me to respond on the origin of L. donvani from
> India to E. Africa. I think Carlos remarks in some sense was right
> because co-cladogensis events of L. donvani sensu lato and its
> associated vectors ie. the members of P. (Euphlebotomus) argentipes
> in India and P. (Symphlebotomus) martini + others in East Africa.
> Although the exact age of separation of Euphlebotomus from
> Anaphlebotomus (visa-vice) together with their Gondwanaland and
> Afrotropical continents remains speculative but the recent
> publication (of El-naiem et at (2011): A possible role for
> Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) rodhaini (Parrot, 1930) in transmission
> of Leishmania donovani) attributes that host shift could be a
> potential factor with respect to infection of L. donvani in
> P.martini + others and P. rodhaini.
>
> With best wishes,
> K. Ilango.
>
> Dr K. Ilango, M Sc, PhD (London), Dip LSHTM
> Dy. Director & Officer-in-Charge
> Zoological Survey of India
> (Government of India)
> Southern Regional Centre
> 130 Santhome High Road
> Chennai-600 028, INDIA
> Phone/Fax No. +91 (0) 44 24642898
> Alternate e-mail: ilangokaniyan at yahoo.co.in<mailto:ilangokaniyan at yahoo.in>
>
> On Mon, Sep 16, 2013 at 9:07 AM, Lawyer, Phillip (NIH/NIAID) [E]
> <PhillipL at niaid.nih.gov<mailto:PhillipL at niaid.nih.gov>> wrote: Dear
> Carlos,
>
> For what it's worth, I believe it most likely happened the other way
> around: Leishmania donovani was probably introduced to East Africa
> from India during the late 1800s when laborers were brought from
> India to work in the Kenya building the railroad from Mombasa to
> Uganda and on other infrastructure projects. Leishmania donovani in
> East Africa is manifest as kala azar and is anthroponotic, the same
> as in India. The main vector in Kenya is Phlebotmus martini, which
> tends to breed in termite mounds, often associated with human
> dwellings. Other Symphlebotomus species, Ph. vansomerenae and Ph.
> celiae have also been implicated in L. donovani transmission.
>
> Regards,
>
> Phil Lawyer
>
> ________________________________
> From: Carlos Brisola Marcondes
[cbrisolamarcondes at gmail.com<mailto:cbrisolamarcondes at gmail.com>]
> Sent: Friday, August 30, 2013 8:41 AM
> To: Leish-L; leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br<mailto:leish-l-
bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br>
> Subject: [Leish-l] why is Leishmania donovani restricted to humans
> in Indian subcontinent?
>
> Dear all,
> Leishmania donovani seems to have been introduced from East Africa
> to Indian subcontinent, where it has infected mostly humans,
> differently from East African foci. Why does this occur? Is this
> caused by feeding preferences of Phlebotomus argentipes, which bites
> mostly ruminants and humans and is associated to houses? Or are dogs
> rarer in that region than in Brazil, where these animals are
> important reservoirs of Leishmania infantum and frequently bitten by
> Lutzomyia longipalpis?
>
> Sincerely yours
> prof. dr. Carlos Brisola Marcondes
> Dept. Microbiol. Imunol. Parasitol./CCB
> Federal University of Santa Catarina
> Florianópolis (SC)
> CV: http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783901J2
> blog: http://entomomedica.blogspot.com.br/
>
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DrªMarylene de Brito Arduino
Pesquisador Científico
Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de São Paulo
Superintendência de Controle de Endemias - SUCEN
Seção Técnica de Pesquisa em Vetores- Serviço Regional 3 - Taubaté
(12) 36327616
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