[Leish-l] why is Leishmania donovani restricted to humans in Indian subcontinent?

Marylene- Seção Ténica de P esquisa maryleneb at sucen.sp.gov.br
Fri Jan 10 16:35:43 BRST 2014


Peço gentileza retirar este e-mail do grupo
Não me interessa mais
grata

DrªMarylene de Brito Arduino
Pesquisador Científico
Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de São Paulo
Superintendência de Controle de Endemias - SUCEN
Seção Técnica de Pesquisa em Vetores- Serviço Regional 3 - Taubaté
(12) 36327616

On Fri, 15 Nov 2013 14:13:53 +0000, Isabel Mauricio wrote
> Dear all
> 
> I don't think it is as simple as saying that there was an 
> introduction of L. donovani in India from East Africa or vice-versa. 
> Genetically, the two are quite distinct, and although the Indian 
> focus is quite homogeneous, phylogenetically it doesn't emerge from 
> the East African strains. It is more likely that they have evolved 
> separately. Older populations may have become extinct, and it's not 
> clear what is the origin of the Indian (actually East Indian)
>  strains (MON-2). Their ancestral populations may well have 
> disappeared. The surviving branch could have been the best adapted 
> to the local sand fly population.
> 
> In any case, when talking about East Africa, one must distinguish 
> between the Sudan/Ethiopia region and the Kenyan region. They are 
> genetically distinct, as well, and do not form a homogeneous group.
> 
> A PNAS paper that analysed a large amount of genetic marker data for 
> selected strains suggests that the Indian strains belong to an early 
> branching group from a larger population that migrated through 
> central Asia.
> 
> http://www.pnas.org/content/104/22/9375.full.pdf
> 
> All the best
> Isabel Mauricio
> 
> De: Kandan Ilango [mailto:kilangozsi at gmail.com]
> Enviada: 13 de novembro de 2013 05:45
> Para: Lawyer, Phillip (NIH/NIAID) [E]
> Cc: Leish-L at lineu.icb.usp.br
> Assunto: Re: [Leish-l] why is Leishmania donovani restricted to 
> humans in Indian subcontinent?
> 
> Dear all,
> 
> Phil comment tempts me to respond on the origin of L. donvani from 
> India to E. Africa. I think Carlos remarks in some sense was right 
> because co-cladogensis events of L. donvani sensu lato and its 
> associated vectors ie. the members of P. (Euphlebotomus) argentipes 
> in India and P. (Symphlebotomus) martini + others in East Africa. 
> Although the exact age of separation of Euphlebotomus from 
> Anaphlebotomus (visa-vice) together with their Gondwanaland and 
> Afrotropical continents remains speculative but the recent 
> publication (of  El-naiem et at (2011): A possible role for 
> Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) rodhaini (Parrot, 1930) in transmission 
> of Leishmania donovani) attributes that host shift could be a 
> potential factor with respect to infection of L. donvani in 
> P.martini + others and P. rodhaini.
> 
> With best wishes,
> K. Ilango.
> 
> Dr K. Ilango, M Sc, PhD (London), Dip LSHTM
> Dy. Director & Officer-in-Charge
> Zoological Survey of India
> (Government of India)
> Southern Regional Centre
> 130 Santhome High Road
> Chennai-600 028, INDIA
> Phone/Fax No. +91 (0) 44 24642898
> Alternate e-mail: ilangokaniyan at yahoo.co.in<mailto:ilangokaniyan at yahoo.in>
> 
> On Mon, Sep 16, 2013 at 9:07 AM, Lawyer, Phillip (NIH/NIAID) [E] 
> <PhillipL at niaid.nih.gov<mailto:PhillipL at niaid.nih.gov>> wrote: Dear 
> Carlos,
> 
> For what it's worth, I believe it most likely happened the other way 
> around:  Leishmania donovani was probably introduced to East Africa 
> from India during the late 1800s when laborers were brought from 
> India to work in the Kenya building the railroad from Mombasa to 
> Uganda and on other infrastructure projects.  Leishmania donovani in 
> East Africa is manifest as kala azar and is anthroponotic, the same 
> as in India.  The main vector in Kenya is Phlebotmus martini, which 
> tends to breed in termite mounds, often associated with human 
> dwellings.  Other Symphlebotomus species, Ph. vansomerenae and Ph. 
> celiae have also been implicated in L. donovani transmission.
> 
> Regards,
> 
> Phil Lawyer
> 
> ________________________________
> From: Carlos Brisola Marcondes 
[cbrisolamarcondes at gmail.com<mailto:cbrisolamarcondes at gmail.com>]
> Sent: Friday, August 30, 2013 8:41 AM
> To: Leish-L; leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br<mailto:leish-l-
bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br>
> Subject: [Leish-l] why is Leishmania donovani restricted to humans 
> in Indian subcontinent?
> 
> Dear all,
> Leishmania donovani seems to have been introduced from East Africa 
> to Indian subcontinent, where it has infected mostly humans, 
> differently from East African foci.   Why does this occur? Is this 
> caused by feeding preferences of Phlebotomus argentipes, which bites 
> mostly ruminants and humans and is associated to houses? Or are dogs 
> rarer in that region than in Brazil, where these animals are 
> important reservoirs of Leishmania infantum and frequently bitten by 
> Lutzomyia longipalpis?
> 
> Sincerely yours
> prof. dr. Carlos Brisola Marcondes
> Dept. Microbiol. Imunol. Parasitol./CCB
> Federal University of Santa Catarina
> Florianópolis (SC)
> CV: http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783901J2
> blog: http://entomomedica.blogspot.com.br/
> 
> --
> This email was sent by icb.usp.br<http://icb.usp.br>   ­­
> _______________________________________________
> Leish-l mailing list
> Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br<mailto:Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br>
> http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l
> 
> --
> 
> This email was sent by icb.usp.br<http://icb.usp.br>
> 
> --
> This email was sent by icb.usp.br   ­­
> 
> --
> This email was sent by icb.usp.br
> 
> -- 
> Esta mensagem foi verificada pelo sistema de antivírus e
>  acredita-se estar livre de perigo.


DrªMarylene de Brito Arduino
Pesquisador Científico
Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de São Paulo
Superintendência de Controle de Endemias - SUCEN
Seção Técnica de Pesquisa em Vetores- Serviço Regional 3 - Taubaté
(12) 36327616

-- 
Esta mensagem foi verificada pelo sistema de antivírus e
 acredita-se estar livre de perigo.



More information about the Leish-l mailing list