[Leish-l] why is Leishmania donovani restricted to humans in Indian subcontinent?

[Kandan Ilango]

Dear all,

Phil comment tempts me to respond on the origin of L. donvani from India to
E. Africa. I think Carlos remarks in some sense was right because
co-cladogensis events of L. donvani sensu lato and its associated vectors
ie. the members of P. (Euphlebotomus) argentipes in India and P.
(Symphlebotomus)
martini + others in East Africa. Although the exact age of separation of
Euphlebotomus from Anaphlebotomus (visa-vice) together with their
Gondwanaland and Afrotropical continents remains speculative but the recent
publication (of  El-naiem et at (2011): A possible role for Phlebotomus
(Anaphlebotomus) rodhaini (Parrot, 1930) in transmission of
Leishmania donovani) attributes that host shift could be a potential factor
with respect to infection of L. donvani in P.martini + others and P.
rodhaini.

With best wishes,
K. Ilango.

*Dr K. Ilango, M Sc, PhD (London), Dip LSHTM*
*Dy. Director & Officer-in-Charge *

*Zoological Survey of India (Government of India)*

*Southern Regional Centre 130 Santhome High Road*


*Chennai-600 028, INDIA *
*Phone/Fax No. +91 (0) 44 24642898*

*Alternate e-mail: ilangokaniyan at yahoo.co.in <ilangokaniyan at yahoo.in>*


On Mon, Sep 16, 2013 at 9:07 AM, Lawyer, Phillip (NIH/NIAID) [E] <
PhillipL at niaid.nih.gov> wrote:

> Dear Carlos,
>
>
>
> For what it's worth, I believe it most likely happened the other way
> around:  Leishmania donovani was probably introduced to East Africa from
> India during the late 1800s when laborers were brought from India to work
> in the Kenya building the railroad from Mombasa to Uganda and on other
> infrastructure projects.  Leishmania donovani in East Africa is manifest as
> kala azar and is anthroponotic, the same as in India.  The main vector in
> Kenya is Phlebotmus martini, which tends to breed in termite mounds, often
> associated with human dwellings.  Other Symphlebotomus species, Ph.
> vansomerenae and Ph. celiae have also been implicated in L. donovani
> transmission.
>
>
>
> Regards,
>
>
>
> Phil Lawyer
>
> ________________________________
> From: Carlos Brisola Marcondes [cbrisolamarcondes at gmail.com]
> Sent: Friday, August 30, 2013 8:41 AM
> To: Leish-L; leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br
> Subject: [Leish-l] why is Leishmania donovani restricted to humans in
> Indian subcontinent?
>
> Dear all,
> Leishmania donovani seems to have been introduced from East Africa to
> Indian subcontinent, where it has infected mostly humans, differently from
> East African foci.
>    Why does this occur? Is this caused by feeding preferences of
> Phlebotomus argentipes, which bites mostly ruminants and humans and is
> associated to houses? Or are dogs rarer in that region than in Brazil,
> where these animals are important reservoirs of Leishmania infantum and
> frequently bitten by Lutzomyia longipalpis?
>
> Sincerely yours
> prof. dr. Carlos Brisola Marcondes
> Dept. Microbiol. Imunol. Parasitol./CCB
> Federal University of Santa Catarina
> Florianópolis (SC)
> CV: http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783901J2
> blog: http://entomomedica.blogspot.com.br/
>
>
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