<div dir="ltr">Dear all,<div><br></div><div>Phil comment tempts me to respond on the origin of L. donvani from India to E. Africa. I think Carlos remarks in some sense was right because co-cladogensis events of L. donvani sensu lato and its associated vectors ie. the members of P. (Euphlebotomus) argentipes in India and P. (<font face="arial, sans-serif">Symphlebotomus) martini + others in East Africa. Although the exact age of separation of Euphlebotomus from Anaphlebotomus (visa-vice) together with their Gondwanaland and Afrotropical continents </font><span style="font-family:arial,sans-serif">remains speculative </span><font face="arial, sans-serif">but the recent publication (of El-naiem et at (2011): </font>A possible role for Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) rodhaini (Parrot, 1930) in transmission of</div>
<div>Leishmania donovani) attributes that host shift could be a potential factor with respect to infection of L. donvani in P.martini + others and P. rodhaini.</div><div><br></div><div>With best wishes,</div><div>K. Ilango. <font face="arial, sans-serif"> </font> </div>
<div><div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all"><div><div><strong><font color="#3333ff" size="4" face="times new roman,serif">Dr K. Ilango,</font><font color="#3333ff" face="times new roman,serif"> </font><font color="#3333ff" face="times new roman,serif" size="1">M Sc, PhD (London), Dip LSHTM</font></strong></div>
<div><strong><font color="#3333ff" size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dy. Director & Officer-in-Charge </font></strong></div><div><strong><font face="times new roman,serif"><font color="#3333ff" size="4">Zoological Survey of India <br>
(Government of India)</font></font></strong></div><div><strong><font face="times new roman,serif"><font color="#3333ff" size="4">Southern Regional Centre <br>130 Santhome High Road</font></font></strong></div><div><strong><font face="times new roman,serif"><font color="#3333ff" size="4">Chennai-600 028, INDIA <br>
<br></font></font></strong></div><div><strong><font face="times new roman,serif"><font color="#3333ff" size="4">Phone/Fax No. +91 (0) 44 24642898</font></font></strong></div><div><strong><font face="times new roman,serif"><font color="#3333ff" size="4">Alternate e-mail: </font><a href="mailto:ilangokaniyan@yahoo.in" target="_blank"><font color="#3333ff" size="4">ilangokaniyan@yahoo.co.in</font></a><br>
</font></strong><br></div></div>
<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Sep 16, 2013 at 9:07 AM, Lawyer, Phillip (NIH/NIAID) [E] <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:PhillipL@niaid.nih.gov" target="_blank">PhillipL@niaid.nih.gov</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">Dear Carlos,<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
For what it's worth, I believe it most likely happened the other way around: Leishmania donovani was probably introduced to East Africa from India during the late 1800s when laborers were brought from India to work in the Kenya building the railroad from Mombasa to Uganda and on other infrastructure projects. Leishmania donovani in East Africa is manifest as kala azar and is anthroponotic, the same as in India. The main vector in Kenya is Phlebotmus martini, which tends to breed in termite mounds, often associated with human dwellings. Other Symphlebotomus species, Ph. vansomerenae and Ph. celiae have also been implicated in L. donovani transmission.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Phil Lawyer<br>
<br>
________________________________<br>
From: Carlos Brisola Marcondes [<a href="mailto:cbrisolamarcondes@gmail.com">cbrisolamarcondes@gmail.com</a>]<br>
Sent: Friday, August 30, 2013 8:41 AM<br>
To: Leish-L; <a href="mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br">leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br</a><br>
Subject: [Leish-l] why is Leishmania donovani restricted to humans in Indian subcontinent?<br>
<br>
Dear all,<br>
Leishmania donovani seems to have been introduced from East Africa to Indian subcontinent, where it has infected mostly humans, differently from East African foci.<br>
Why does this occur? Is this caused by feeding preferences of Phlebotomus argentipes, which bites mostly ruminants and humans and is associated to houses? Or are dogs rarer in that region than in Brazil, where these animals are important reservoirs of Leishmania infantum and frequently bitten by Lutzomyia longipalpis?<br>
<div class="im"><br>
Sincerely yours<br>
prof. dr. Carlos Brisola Marcondes<br>
Dept. Microbiol. Imunol. Parasitol./CCB<br>
Federal University of Santa Catarina<br>
Florianópolis (SC)<br>
CV: <a href="http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783901J2" target="_blank">http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783901J2</a><br>
blog: <a href="http://entomomedica.blogspot.com.br/" target="_blank">http://entomomedica.blogspot.com.br/</a><br>
<br>
<br>
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