[Leish-l] Fwd: Articles found by RefScout 10/2007

Jeffrey Shaw jayusp at gmail.com
Sat Apr 7 22:40:07 BRT 2007


From: info at refscout.com <info at refscout.com>
Date: Thu, 8 Mar 2007 02:59:38
Subject: Articles found by RefScout 10/2007



  *New!* Have a look at our new tool, the RefScout's PDF-Manager
(PDFM)<http://refscout.com/pdfm_intro.html>!
The RefScout's PDFM <http://refscout.com/pdfm_intro.html> will revolutionize
your life with PDF files!
Simply let your PDF files be organized by the RefScout's
PDFM<http://refscout.com/pdfm_intro.html>in a table and get direct
link to your local copy. In addition, the
RefScout's PDFM <http://refscout.com/pdfm_intro.html> will alert you each
time the NLM PubMed updates information concerning your specific reference!
Get your free 2 months trial version now at RefScout's
PDF-Manager<http://refscout.com/pdfm_download.html>.
  This is RefScout-Newsletter 10/2007.

  REQUEST: [ leishmania ]
(51 articles match this request. 1 article matching other requests removed)

PMID: 17169165<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=17169165>
TITLE: Shuttle mutagenesis and targeted disruption of a telomere-located
essential gene of
*Leishmania*.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17169165>
AUTHORS: F M Squina, A L Pedrosa, V S Nunes, A K Cruz, L R O Tosi
AFFILIATION: Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes
Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São
Paulo, Brasil.
REFERENCE: Parasitology 2007 Apr 134(Pt 4):511-22
*Leishmania* mutants have contributed greatly to extend our knowledge of
this parasite's biology. Here we report the use of the mariner in vitro
transposition system as a source of reagents for shuttle mutagenesis and
targeted disruption of *Leishmania* genes. The locus-specific integration
was achieved by the disruption of the subtelomeric gene encoding a DNA-
directed RNA polymerase III subunit (RPC2). Further inactivation of RPC2
alleles required the complementation of the intact gene, which was
transfected in an episomal context. However, attempts to generate a RPC2
chromosomal null mutant resulted in genomic rearrangements that maintained
copies of the intact locus in the genome. The maintenance of the RPC2
chromosomal locus in complemented mutants was not mediated by an increase in
the number of copies and did not involve chromosomal translocations, which
are the typical characteristics of the genomic plasticity of this parasite.
Unlike the endogenous locus, the selectable marker used to disrupt RPC2 did
not display a tendency to remain in its chromosomal location but was
targeted into supernumerary episomal molecules.


[image: Shop at Amazon.com]

PMID: 17206506<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=17206506>
TITLE: In vitro activity of perifosine: a novel alkylphospholipid against
the promastigote stage of *Leishmania*
species.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17206506>
AUTHORS: María Gabriela Cabrera-Serra, Jacob Lorenzo-Morales, Marialina
Romero, Basilio Valladares, JosÃ(c) E Piñero
AFFILIATION: Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud
Pública de Canarias, University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco.
Sánchez, S/N 38203 La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain, jpinero at ull.es.
REFERENCE: Parasitol Res 2007 Apr 100(5):1155-7
Perifosine is a novel alkylphospholipid. Perifosine has displayed
significant antiproliferative activity in vitro and in vivo in several human
tumor model systems and has recently entered phase II clinical trials. Other
alkylphospholipids have been previously used as antileishmanial agents, and
miltefosine (Impavido) is now established as the first oral drug for the
treatment of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Perifosine showed the
higher activity against all tested strains. This study demonstrates for, the
first time, an in vitro activity of perifosine against different species of
*Leishmania* in the promastigote stage.


PMID: 17157469<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=17157469>
TITLE: Development and validation of RP-HPLC-UV method for simultaneous
determination of buparvaquone, atenolol, propranolol, quinidine and
verapamil: A tool for the standardization of rat in situ intestinal
permeability studies.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17157469>
AUTHORS: Gantala Venkatesh, S Ramanathan, S M Mansor, N K Nair, Munavvar
Abdul Sattar, Simon L Croft, V Navaratnam
AFFILIATION: Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800
Penang, Malaysia.
REFERENCE: J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007 Mar 43(4):1546-51
A simple, sensitive and specific reversed phase high performance liquid
chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method with UV detection at 251nm was developed
for simultaneous quantitation of buparvaquone (BPQ), atenolol , propranolol,
quinidine and verapamil. The method was applicable in rat in situ intestinal
permeability study to assess intestinal permeability of BPQ, a promising
lead compound for *Leishmania* donovani infections. The method was validated
on a C-4 column with mobile phase comprising ammonium acetate buffer (0.02M,
pH 3.5) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 30:70 (v/v) at a flow rate of
1.0ml/min.
The retention times for atenolol, quinidine, propranolol, verapamil and BPQ
were 4.30, 5.96, 6. 55, 7.98 and 8.54min, respectively. The calibration
curves were linear ( correlation coefficient >/=0.996) in the selected range
of each analyte . The method is specific and sensitive with limit of
quantitation of 15mug/ml for atenolol, 0.8mug/ml for quinidine, 5mug/ml for
propranolol , 10mug/ml for verapamil and 200ng/ml for BPQ. The validated
method was found to be accurate and precise in the working calibration
range. Stability studies were carried out at different storage conditions
and all the analytes were found to be stable. This method is simple,
reliable and can be routinely used for accurate permeability
characterization.


PMID: 17287029<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=17287029>
TITLE: Clinical value of anti-*Leishmania* (*Leishmania*) chagasi IgG titers
detected by flow cytometry to distinguish infected from vaccinated
dogs.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17287029>
AUTHORS: Renata Aline de Andrade, Alexandre Barbosa Reis, CÃ(c)lia Maria
Ferreira Gontijo, Lidiane Bento Braga, Roberta Dias Rodrigues Rocha, Márcio
Sobreira Silva Araújo, Leonardo Rocha Vianna, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
AFFILIATION: Laboratório de Doença de Chagas, CPqRR-FIOCRUZ/MG, Avenida
Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30190-002,
Brazil.
REFERENCE: Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007 Mar 116(1-2):85-97
Leishmune((R)) vaccination covers a broader number of endemic areas of
canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and therefore the development of new
serological devices able to discriminate CVL from Leishmune((R)) vaccinees
becomes an urgent need considering the post-vaccine seroconversion detected
throughout conventional methodologies. Herein, we have described the
establishment of a flow cytometry based methodology to detect anti-fixed L.
(L.) chagasi promastigotes antibodies (FC-AFPA-IgG, FC-AFPA-IgG1 and
FC-AFPA-IgG2) in sera samples from *Leishmania* (*Leishmania*) chagasi
infected dogs and Leishmune((R)) vaccinees. The results of FC-AFPA were
reported along the sera titration curve (1:128-1:524,288), as
percentage-of-positive-fluorescent-parasite (PPFP). The use of PPFP=20% as a
cut-off edge to segregate negative and positive results at sera dilution
1:2048 revealed outstanding performance indexes that elect FC-AFPA-IgG and
IgG2 (both detected by polyclonal FITC-labeled second step reagent)
applicable to the serological diagnosis of CVL, with 100% of specificity for
both IgG and IgG2 and 97 and 93% of sensitivity, respectively. Moreover,
FC-AFPA-IgG , applied at sera dilution 1:2048, also appeared as a useful
tool to discriminate L. chagasi infected dogs from Leishmune((R)) vaccinees,
with 76% of specificity. Outstanding likelihood indexes further support the
performance of FC-AFPA-IgG for exclusion diagnosis of CVL in Leishmune((R))
vaccinees. Analysis of FC-AFPA-IgG at sera dilution 1: 8192 revealed the
most outstanding indexes, demonstrating that besides the ability of PPFP
</=20% to exclude the diagnosis of CVL, a PPFP values higher 80%, mostly
observed for infected dogs (INF) have a minimal change to come from a
non-infected animal (NI) or Leishmune((R )) vaccinees (VAC). Together, our
findings showed the potential of both anti-L. chagasi FC-AFPA-IgG and IgG2
to distinguish the serological reactivity of L. chagasi infected dogs from
Leishmune((R)) vaccinees, which will further contribute for the differential
diagnosis in the context of CVL immunoprophylaxis.


PMID: 17242034<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=17242034>
TITLE: Inhibition of *Leishmania* (*Leishmania*) amazonensis growth and
infectivity by aureobasidin
A.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17242034>
AUTHORS: Ameria K Tanaka, Valderez B Valero, Helio K Takahashi, Anita H
Straus
AFFILIATION: Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São
Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, São Paulo, SP,
04023-900, Brazil.
REFERENCE: J Antimicrob Chemother 2007 Mar 59(3):487-92
Objectives To study the effect of aureobasidin A, an inhibitor of inositol
phosphorylceramide (IPC) synthase, on *Leishmania* growth and infectivity.
Methods Effects of aureobasidin A were determined for: (i) promastigote
growth in axenic culture; (ii) promastigote infectivity in macrophage
monolayers; (iii) development of footpad lesions in BALB/c mice; (iv)
differentiation of amastigotes into promastigotes. Results Aureobasidin A
(20 microM) inhibited 90% of *Leishmania* (*Leishmania*) amazonensis
promastigote growth in axenic culture, but the parasites remained viable,
i.e. growth curves returned to normal after aureobasidin A was removed from
culture medium. The aureobasidin A IC(50 ) was determined by MTT assay as
4.1 microM for L. (L.) amazonensis promastigotes, 12.6 microM for *
Leishmania* (*Leishmania*) major and 13.7 microM for *Leishmania* (Viannia)
braziliensis. There was a significant delay in infection when L. (L.)
amazonensis promastigotes pre-treated with aureobasidin A were inoculated
into BALB/c mouse footpads. When aureobasidin A was added to cultured
macrophages infected with amastigotes, the number of infected macrophages
was reduced by >90%. Conclusions Aureobasidin A is an interesting
pharmacological tool to investigate the effect of lipid metabolism
inhibition in *Leishmania* spp.


PMID: 17170076<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=17170076>
TITLE: Role of protein tyrosine phosphatases in the regulation of
interferon-{gamma}-induced macrophage nitric oxide generation: implication
of ERK pathway and AP-1
activation.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17170076>
AUTHORS: Julie Blanchette, Philippe Pouliot, Martin Olivier
AFFILIATION: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Duff Medical
Building, Room 511, 3775 University Street, MontrÃ(c)al, QuÃ(c)bec, Canada H3A
2B4. martin.olivier at mcgill.ca.
REFERENCE: J Leukoc Biol 2007 Mar 81(3):835-44
NO is a potent molecule involved in the cytotoxic events mediated by
macrophages (MØ) against microorganisms. We reported previously that
inhibition of MØ protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) mediates a protective
effect against *Leishmania* infection, which was NO-dependent. Herein, we
show that the PTP inhibitors of the peroxovanadium (pV) class , bpV(phen)
and bpV(pic), can similarly increase murine MØ IFN-gamma- induced NO
generation. Using various second messenger (JAK2, MEK, Erk1/ Erk2, and p38)
antagonists, we found that the Erk1/Erk2 pathway was the principal pathway
submitted to regulation by PTPs in the context of IFN- gamma-driven MØ
activation and increase in NO production. We observed that bpV(phen)
increases inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression, resulting in enhanced NO
production, whereas the bpV(pic) increase of NO production does not seem to
result from a modulation of iNOS expression . Transcription factors
STAT-1alpha and NF-kappaB, recognized for their importance in NO generation,
were not affected by the pV treatment. However, AP-1 was strongly activated
by bpV(phen) but not by bpV(pic). Collectively, our results suggest that
increased IFN-gamma-induced NO production, observed after bpV(phen)
treatment, involves the activation of the transcription factor AP-1 by
Erk1/Erk2- and stress-activated protein kinase/JNK-dependent transduction
mechanisms.


PMID: 17077330<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=17077330>
TITLE: IL-21 receptor signaling is integral to the development of Th2
effector responses in
vivo.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17077330>
AUTHORS: Anja Fröhlich, Benjamin J Marsland, Ivo Sonderegger, Michael
Kurrer, Martin R Hodge, Nicola L Harris, Manfred Kopf
AFFILIATION: Institute of Integrative Biology, Molecular Biomedicine, Swiss
Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Switzerland.
REFERENCE: Blood 2007 Mar 109(5):2023-31
Interleukin 21 (IL-21) is a member of the common gamma-chain family of
cytokines, which influence a broad spectrum of immunologic responses. A
number of studies have examined the function of IL-21, but its specific role
in Th1/Th2-cell differentiation and related effector responses remains to be
clarified. Thus, we generated IL-21R-deficient mice and have investigated
the role of IL-21R signaling using a series of in vivo experimentally
induced disease models. We first addressed the role of IL-21R signaling in
Th2 immune responses by examining allergic airway inflammation, and
Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides polygyrus antihelminth
responses. In each of these systems, IL-21R signaling played a clear role in
the development of Th2 responses. Comparatively, IL-21R signaling was not
required for the containment of *Leishmania* major infection or the
development of experimental autoimmune myocarditis, indicative of competent
Th1 and Th17 responses, respectively. Adoptive transfer of T cells and
analysis of IL-21R+/+/IL- 21R-/- chimera mice revealed that IL-21R-signaling
was central to Th2- cell survival or migration to peripheral tissues.
Overall, our data show IL-21 plays a crucial role in supporting polarized
Th2 responses in vivo, while appearing superfluous for Th1 and Th17
responses.


PMID: 16580229<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=16580229>
TITLE: A strategy for identifying serodiagnostically relevant antigens of *
Leishmania* or other pathogens in genetic
libraries.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16580229>
AUTHORS: Márcia C A Teixeira, Geraldo G S Oliveira, Marco A Silvany, Neuza
M Alcântara-Neves, Milena B P Soares, Ricardo Ribeiro-Dos-Santos, Selma M B
Jerônimo, Carlos H Costa, Washington L C Dos-Santos, Daniel Eichinger, Lain
Pontes-de-Carvalho
AFFILIATION: Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz,
Rua Valdemar Falcão 121, 40295-001, Salvador, Brazil; Faculdade de
Tecnologia e Ciências - FTC, Salvador, Brazil.
REFERENCE: Biologicals 2007 Mar 35(1):51-4
Different individuals, when infected with the same parasite, rarely produce
antibodies against the same set of antigens. Indeed, unless a particular
antigen happens to be recognized by antibodies in all individuals, the use
of a single antigen in the serodiagnosis of parasitic diseases leads,
invariably, to false-negative results. A straightforward method for
pin-pointing, in genetic libraries, the precise antigens that would increase
serodiagnostic assay sensitivities is presented. The method is based on the
utilization of sera that produced false-negative results against previously
available antigens. Employing this false-negative serum-selection
methodology for the identification of new *Leishmania* infantum recombinant
antigens (rAgs), the sensitivity of a dipstick assay for
anti-*Leishmania*antibodies in a panel of sera from patients with
visceral leishmaniasis was
increased from 83.3% to 98.1%, without affecting its specificity, by the
inclusion of a fifth and a sixth L. infantum rAg.


PMID: 16569432<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=16569432>
TITLE: Multifocal cutaneous
leishmaniasis.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16569432>
AUTHORS: Pascal Del Giudice
REFERENCE: J Infect 2007 Feb 54(2):207; author reply 208


PMID: 17319595<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=17319595>
TITLE: Investigation of asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis cases using
western blot in an endemic area in
Turkey.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17319595>
AUTHORS: Nermin Sakru, Metin Korkmaz, Yusuf Ozbel, Hatice Ertabaklar,
Mustafa Sengul, Seray Ozensoy Toz
AFFILIATION: Ege University, Medical School Department of Parasitology,
Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
REFERENCE: New Microbiol 2007 Jan 30(1):13-8
In Turkey, *Leishmania* infantum is responsible for human visceral
leishmaniasis (VL), which is seen mainly in the Aegean, Mediterranean, and
Central Anatolia Regions. This study aimed to determine asymptomatic
infections in an endemic area of VL in Turkey using the western blot
technique. A total of 82 persons including children and adults were chosen
randomly in Denizli province which is one of the endemic sites for VL. Serum
samples were collected and screened using indirect immunofluorescent test
(IFAT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA ) and western blot (WB).
One year later, 35 of the 82 persons were sampled and screened serologically
for the second time. Seven out of 82 samples were found to be positive by
western blot analysis with the presence of 14 and/or 18 kDa bands. Two of
these seven sera were also positive by IFAT, but only one of these two was
positive by ELISA. Only one person showing seropositivity with all three
tests had clinical symptoms and was diagnosed as VL with the presence of
amastigotes in bone marrow aspirate. Because six people, including the one
found to be seropositive in all two tests, had no clinical symptoms, they
were accepted as asymptomatic carriers. The ratio of asymptomatic infection
was calculated as 7.41% (6/81) in the region. In the second sampling, the
western blot revealed antibodies against the same antigens in all seven
subjects. Our findings showed that the presence of antibodies against 14 and
18 kDa antigens are important for the diagnosis of symptomatic and
asymptomatic infections. Western blot was found to be effective in the
detection of asymptomatic persons in the epidemiological studies in endemic
areas.


PMID: 17319967<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=17319967>
TITLE: Compared genomics of the strand switch region of
*Leishmania*chromosome 1 reveal a novel genus-specific gene and
conserved structural
features and sequence
motifs.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17319967>
AUTHORS: Jacques Puechberty, Christine Blaineau, Sabrina Meghamla, Lucien
Crobu, Michel Pagès, Patrick Bastien
AFFILIATION: CNRS/UniversitÃ(c) Montpellier I FRE 3013 "Biologie
MolÃ(c)culaire,
Biologie Cellulaire et BiodiversitÃ(c) des Protozoaires Parasites",
Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, UFR MÃ(c)decine, 163 Rue Auguste
Broussonet, 34090 Montpellier, France. gpp at univ-montp1.fr.
REFERENCE: BMC Genomics 2007 8():57
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Trypanosomatids exhibit a unique gene organization
into large directional gene clusters (DGCs) in opposite directions. The
transcription "strand switch region" (SSR) separating the two large DGCs
that constitute chromosome 1 of *Leishmania* major has been the subject of
several studies and speculations. Thus, it has been suspected of being the
single replication origin of the chromosome, the transcription initiation
site for both DGCs or even a centromere. Here, we have used an inter-species
compared genomics approach on this locus in order to try to identify
conserved features or motifs indicative of a putative function. RESULTS: We
isolated, and compared the structure and nucleotide sequence of, this SSR in
15 widely divergent species of *Leishmania* and Sauroleishmania. As regards
its intrachromosomal position , size and AT content, the general structure
of this SSR appears extremely stable among species, which is another
demonstration of the remarkable structural stability of these genomes at the
evolutionary level. Sequence alignments showed several interesting features.
Overall , only 30% of nucleotide positions were conserved in the SSR among
the 15 species, versus 74% and 62% in the 5' parts of the adjacent XPP and
PAXP genes, respectively. However, nucleotide divergences were not
distributed homogeneously along this sequence. Thus, a central fragment of
approximately 440 bp exhibited 54% of identity among the 15 species. This
fragment actually represents a new *Leishmania*-specific CDS of unknown
function which had been overlooked since the annotation of this chromosome.
The encoded protein comprises two trans-membrane domains and is classified
in the "structural protein" GO category. We cloned this novel gene and
expressed it as a recombinant green fluorescent protein-fused version, which
showed its localisation to the endoplasmic reticulum. The whole of these
data shorten the actual SSR to an 887-bp segment as compared with the
original 1.6 kb. In the rest of the SSR, the percentage of identity was much
lower, around 22%. Interestingly, the 72-bp fragment where the putatively
single transcription initiation site of chromosome 1 was identified is
located in a low-conservation portion of the SSR and is itself highly
polymorphic amongst species. Nevertheless, it is highly C-rich and presents
a unique poly(C) tract in the same position in all species. CONCLUSION: This
inter-specific comparative study, the first of its kind , (a) allowed to
reveal a novel genus-specific gene and (b) identified a conserved poly(C)
tract in the otherwise highly polymorphic region containing the putative
transcription initiation site. This allows hypothesising an intervention of
poly(C)-binding proteins known elsewhere to be involved in transcriptional
control.


PMID: 17093038<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=17093038>
TITLE: Molecular diagnosis of leishmaniasis: current status and future
applications.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17093038>
AUTHORS: Richard Reithinger, Jean-Claude Dujardin
AFFILIATION: Clinical Trials Area, Westat, 1441 W. Montgomery Ave.,
Rockville, MD 20850, USA. rreithinger at yahoo.co.uk
REFERENCE: J Clin Microbiol 2007 Jan 45(1):21-5


PMID: 17304790<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=17304790>
TITLE: The ultrastructure of the parasitophorous vacuole formed by *
Leishmania* major.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17304790>
AUTHORS: Ramon Castro, Khara Scott, Tiffany Jordan, Brette Evans, Joyce
Craig, Eric L Peters, Kevin Swier
AFFILIATION: Department of Biological Sciences, Chicago State University,
9501 South King Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60628, USA.
REFERENCE: J Parasitol 2006 Dec 92(6):1162-70
Protozoan parasites of *Leishmania* spp. invade macrophages as promastigotes
and differentiate into replicative amastigotes within parasitophorous
vacuoles. Infection of inbred strains of mice with *Leishmania* major is a
well-studied model of the mammalian immune response to *Leishmania* species,
but the ultrastructure and biochemical properties of the parasitophorous
vacuole occupied by this parasite have been best characterized for other
species of *Leishmania*. We examined the parasitophorous vacuole occupied by
L. major in lymph nodes of infected mice and in bone marrow-derived
macrophages infected in vitro. At all time points after infection, single L.
major amastigotes were wrapped tightly by host membrane, suggesting that
amastigotes segregate into separate vacuoles during replication. This small,
individual vacuole contrasts sharply with the large, communal vacuoles
occupied by *Leishmania* amazonensis. An extensive survey of the literature
revealed that the single vacuoles occupied by L. major are characteristic of
those formed by Old World species of *Leishmania*, while New World species
of *Leishmania* form large vacuoles occupied by many amastigotes.


[image: Shop at Amazon.com]

PMID: 17326936<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=17326936>
TITLE: Distinct Transmission Cycles of *Leishmania* tropica in 2 Adjacent
Foci, Northern Israel.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17326936>
AUTHORS: Milena Svobodova
AFFILIATION: Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
REFERENCE: Emerg Infect Dis 2006 Dec 12(12):1860-8
Transmission of *Leishmania* tropica was studied in 2 adjacent foci in
Israel where vector populations differ. Only Phlebotomus sergenti was found
infected with L. tropica in the southern focus; P. arabicus was the main
vector in the northern focus. Rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis) were
incriminated as reservoir hosts in both foci. L. tropica strains from the
northern focus isolated from sand flies, cutaneous leishmaniasis cases, and
rock hyraxes were antigenically similar to L. major, and strains from the
southern focus were typically L. tropica. Laboratory studies showed that P.
arabicus is a competent vector of L. tropica, and P. sergenti is essentially
refractory to L. tropica from the northern focus. Susceptibility of P.
arabicus may be mediated by O glycoproteins on the luminal surface of its
midgut. The 2 foci differ with respect to parasites and vectors, but
increasing peridomestic rock hyrax populations are probably responsible for
emergence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in both foci.


********************************************************************************************************************
The following references are revised files and are brought to you in
accordance to license agreement with the NLM.
********************************************************************************************************************

PMID: 15936088<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=15936088>
TITLE: Atypical multifocal cutaneous leishmaniasis in an immunocompetent
patient treated by liposomal amphotericin
B.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15936088>
AUTHORS: A Paradisi, R Capizzi, A Zampetti, I Proietti, C De Simone, C
Feliciani, P L Amerio
AFFILIATION: Department of Dermatology, Catholic University of Rome, Rome,
Italy. iclde at rm.unicatt.it
REFERENCE: J Infect 2005 Dec 51(5):e261-4
Multifocal cutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) is an extremely rare disease in
South Europe, and it mainly affects immunosuppressed patients. We report a
case of MCL in an immunocompetent patient affected by type II diabetes
mellitus that clinically presented with three large ulcers on the legs with
a non-linear distribution and several months later with an
erythematous-crusty lesion on the left cheek. Diagnosis of leishmaniasis due
to *Leishmania* infantum was formulated by PCR analysis . Given the diffuse
and wide lesions, the unresponsiveness to previous local and systemic
treatments, a parenteral i.v. therapy with liposomal amphotericin B at a
dosage of 3mg/kg/day for 5 days was started and then repeated on the 14th
and 21st days, leading to a clear improvement in the clinical picture. The
different clinical expression and the evolution of leishmaniasis depend on
both the parasite subtype and the host's immunity status. L. infantum
manifests with an atypical clinical feature more frequently than other
species. The differential diagnosis for multiple ulcers must include several
skin diseases, such as cutaneous TBC, bacterial ulcers, traumatic ulcers,
deep mycoses, and sarcoidosis. However, an MCL should always be considered
in subjects coming from endemic areas. In our case, the multifocality, the
size of the lesions and the unresponsiveness to other treatment indicate a
short course treatment with liposomal B amphotericin that proved to be a
suitable alternative to traditional drugs used in MCL.


PMID: 14334351<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14334351>
TITLE: METABOLISM OF GLUCOSE LABELLED WITH CARBON - 14 IN
*LEISHMANIA*ENRIETTII.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14334351>
AUTHORS: R MANCILLA, C NAQUIRA, C LANAS
REFERENCE: Nature 1965 Apr 206():27-8


PMID: 14296058<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14296058>
TITLE: TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON *LEISHMANIA* ENRIETTII IN
VITRO.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14296058>
AUTHORS: C L GREENBLATT, P GLASER
REFERENCE: Exp Parasitol 1965 Feb 16():36-52


PMID: 14292557<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14292557>
TITLE: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH AND NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF *
LEISHMANIA* TARENTOLAE IN A DEFINED
MEDIUM.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14292557>
AUTHORS: S M KRASSNER
REFERENCE: J Protozool 1965 Feb 12():73-8


PMID: 14242028<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14242028>
TITLE: ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DNA FROM KINETOPLASTS OF *
LEISHMANIA* ENRIETTII.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14242028>
AUTHORS: H G DUBUY, C F MATTERN, F L RILEY
REFERENCE: Science 1965 Feb 147():754-6


PMID: 14280472<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14280472>
TITLE: SYNTHESIS OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN THE SLIME MOLD PHYSARUM
POLYCEPHALUM AND THE ZOOFLAGELLATES *LEISHMANIA* TARENTOLAE, TRYPANOSOMA
LEWISI, AND CRITHIDIA SP.: A COMPARATIVE
STUDY.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14280472>
AUTHORS: E D KORN, C L GREENBLATT, A M LEES
REFERENCE: J Lipid Res 1965 Jan 6():43-50


PMID: 14242263<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14242263>
TITLE: EXTRACELLULAR CULTIVATION OF THE LEISHMANIAL BODIES OF SPECIES
BELONGING TO THE PROTOZOAN GENUS
*LEISHMANIA*.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14242263>
AUTHORS: A LEMMA, E L SCHILLER
REFERENCE: Exp Parasitol 1964 Dec 15():503-13


PMID: 14249021<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14249021>
TITLE: CHEMOTHERAPY OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS: *LEISHMANIA* TROPICA
INFECTIONS IN MICE.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14249021>
AUTHORS: R A NEAL
REFERENCE: Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1964 Dec 58():420-30


PMID: 14215476<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14215476>
TITLE: EVALUATION OF THE VIABILITY AND PATHOGENICITY OF HEMOFLAGELLATES
AFTER FREEZING AND
STORAGE.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14215476>
AUTHORS: D S ALLAIN
REFERENCE: J Parasitol 1964 Oct 50():604-7


PMID: 14340332<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14340332>
TITLE: [BEHAVIOR OF *LEISHMANIA* DONOVANI IN VARIOUS RODENT
SPECIES.]<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14340332>
AUTHORS: H MUEHLPFORDT, H E KRAMPITZ
REFERENCE: Z Parasitenkd 1964 Oct 25():21-2


PMID: 14316627<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14316627>
TITLE: [ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SOME XEROTHERMOPHILIC RODENTS FOR
EXPERIMENTAL INFECTIONS WITH *LEISHMANIA* DONOVANI (CALCUTTA
STRAIN).]<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14316627>
AUTHORS: H E KRAMPITZ, H MUEHLPFORDT
REFERENCE: Z Tropenmed Parasitol 1964 Oct 15():269-78


[image: Shop at Amazon.com]

PMID: 14191362<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14191362>
TITLE: [WILD RODENTS (ORYZOMYS GOELDI) OF AMAZONIA WITH NATURAL
*LEISHMANIA*INFECTION.
(1)]<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14191362>
AUTHORS: F NERY-GUIMARAES, M AZEVEDO
REFERENCE: Hospital (Rio J) 1964 Aug 66():279-85


PMID: 14191363<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14191363>
TITLE: [OBSERVATIONS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF *LEISHMANIA* PRODUCING NATURAL
INFECTION IN ORYZOMYS GOELDI IN AMAZONIA.
(2)]<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14191363>
AUTHORS: F NERY-GUIMARAES, O R DA COSTA
REFERENCE: Hospital (Rio J) 1964 Aug 66():287-92


PMID: 14172852<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14172852>
TITLE: [COMMENTS ON THE PHYLOGENY AND PATHOGENICITY OF
*LEISHMANIA*DONOVANI.]<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14172852>
AUTHORS: S B PESSOA
REFERENCE: Hospital (Rio J) 1964 Jun 65():1169-84


PMID: 14184112<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14184112>
TITLE: THE FINE STRUCTURE OF *LEISHMANIA* DONOVANI AND THE ROLE OF THE
KINETOPLAST IN THE LEISHMANI-LEPTOMONAD
TRANSFORMATION.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14184112>
AUTHORS: M A RUDZINSKA, P A D ALESANDRO, W TRAGER
REFERENCE: J Protozool 1964 May 11():166-91


PMID: 14119555<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14119555>
TITLE: THE RIBOFLAVIN REQUIREMENT AND THE EFFECTS OF ACRIFLAVIN ON THE FINE
STRUCTURE OF THE KINETOPLAST OF *LEISHMANIA*
TARENTOLAE.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14119555>
AUTHORS: W TRAGER, M A RUDZINSKA
REFERENCE: J Protozool 1964 Feb 11():133-45


PMID: 14134740<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14134740>
TITLE: PRESERVATION OF *LEISHMANIA* DONOVANI BY LOW-TEMPERATURE
FREEZING.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14134740>
AUTHORS: H MOST, N ALGER, M YOELI
REFERENCE: Nature 1964 Feb 201():735-6


PMID: 14178043<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14178043>
TITLE: STUDIES ON THE THERAPEUTIC RESISTANCE OF CUTANEOUS
*LEISHMANIA*INFECTIONS.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14178043>
AUTHORS: N ERCOLI
REFERENCE: Chemotherapy 1964 64():3-20


PMID: 14250154<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14250154>
TITLE: [DECREASED PATHOGENICITY OF *LEISHMANIA* ENTRIETTII FOLLOWING 15-YEAR
MAINTENANCE OF A
CULTURE.]<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14250154>
AUTHORS: Z I GLAZUNOVA
REFERENCE: Med Parazitol (Mosk) 1964 Jul-Aug 33():479-82


PMID: 14321574<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14321574>
TITLE: [GENERAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE CYTOPATHOGENIC EFFECT OF *LEISHMANIA* IN
TISSUE CULTURES.]<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14321574>
AUTHORS: S E GLEIBERMAN, E M BELOVA
REFERENCE: Med Parazitol (Mosk) 1964 Nov-Dec 33():650-4


PMID: 14321575<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14321575>
TITLE: [STUDIES ON STRAINS OF *LEISHMANIA* TROPICA ISOLATED FROM A FOCUS OF
CUTANEOUS LEISHMAINIASIS OF THE RURAL TYPE FROM GERBILS AND SIMILAR CULTURES
OF FLAGELLATA ISOLATED FROM
PHLABOTOMUS.]<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14321575>
AUTHORS: Z E SHUIKINA
REFERENCE: Med Parazitol (Mosk) 1964 Nov-Dec 33():654-61


PMID: 14346886<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14346886>
TITLE: [THE SPECIFICITY OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII, TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS AND *
LEISHMANIA* TROPICA ANTIGENS IN THE COMPLEMENT FIXATION
TEST.]<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14346886>
AUTHORS: D KOZLOWSKA
REFERENCE: Wiad Parazytol 1964 10():390-1


PMID: 14220582<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14220582>
TITLE: [ANTIGENIC BEHAVIOR OF VARIOUS FLAGELLATES DURING CLINICAL AND
EXPERIMENTAL LEISHMANIASIS.]<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14220582>
AUTHORS: J RANQUE, S DUNAN
REFERENCE: Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 1964 Mar-Apr 39():117-30


[image: Shop at Amazon.com]

PMID: 14183231<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14183231>
TITLE: [EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF CERDOCYON THOUS (COMMON FOX) WITH *
LEISHMANIA* DONOVANI. PRELIMINARY
NOTE.]<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14183231>
AUTHORS: J W TORREALBA, J F TORREALBA
REFERENCE: Gac Med Caracas 1964 Jan-Mar 72():117-8


PMID: 14074842<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14074842>
TITLE: SYNTHESIS OF ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID BY *LEISHMANIA*
ENRIETTII.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14074842>
AUTHORS: E D KORN, C L GREENBLATT
REFERENCE: Science 1963 Dec 142():1301-3


PMID: 14101928<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14101928>
TITLE: THE EFFECTS OF TWO ANTIMONY DRUGS ON THE IN VITRO METABOLISM OF
RADIOACTIVE GLUCOSE BY CULTURE FORMS OF *LEISHMANIA* TROPICA (WRIGHT,
1903).<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14101928>
AUTHORS: A VOLLER, J J SHAW, C BRYANT
REFERENCE: Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1963 Dec 57():404-8


PMID: 14076073<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14076073>
TITLE: ACTION OF AN ANTIFUNGAL ANTIBIOTIC NYSTATIN ON THE PROTOZOA *
LEISHMANIA* DONOVANI. VI. STUDIES ON THE ACTION ON ISOLATED MEMBRANE AND THE
ISOLATION OF ANTIBIOTIC-RICH CELL PARTICLE FROM L.
DONOVANI.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14076073>
AUTHORS: B K GHOSH
REFERENCE: Ann Biochem Exp Med 1963 Sep 23():337-44


PMID: 14076078<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14076078>
TITLE: FREE AMINO-ACID POOL OF *LEISHMANIA*
DONOVANI.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14076078>
AUTHORS: D K GHOSH
REFERENCE: Ann Biochem Exp Med 1963 Sep 23():381-3


PMID: 14053097<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14053097>
TITLE: LEPTOMONADS OF WILD-CAUGHT PANAMANIAN PHLEBOTOMUS: CULTURE AND ANIMAL
INOCULATION.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14053097>
AUTHORS: E MCCONNELL
REFERENCE: Exp Parasitol 1963 Aug 14():123-8


PMID: 14053104<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14053104>
TITLE: A NEW EXPERIMENTAL HOST OF *LEISHMANIA*
DONOVANI.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14053104>
AUTHORS: M H SATI
REFERENCE: Exp Parasitol 1963 Aug 14():52-3


PMID: 14057655<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14057655>
TITLE: ACTION OF AN ANTIFUNGAL ANTIBIOTIC, NYSTATIN, ON THE PROTOZOA, *
LEISHMANIA* DONOVANI. V: STUDIES ON THE ABSORPTION OF NYSTATIN BY L.
DONOVANI.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14057655>
AUTHORS: B K GHOSH, A N CHATTERJEE
REFERENCE: Ann Biochem Exp Med 1963 Aug 23():309-18


PMID: 14053108<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14053108>
TITLE: EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF PANAMANIAN PHLEBOTOMUS SANDFLIES WITH *
LEISHMANIA*.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14053108>
AUTHORS: M HERTIG, E MCCONNELL
REFERENCE: Exp Parasitol 1963 Aug 14():92-106


PMID: 14053096<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14053096>
TITLE: NATURAL INFECTIONS OF LEPTOMONAD FLAGELLATES IN PANAMANIAN
PHLEBOTOMUS SANDFLIES.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14053096>
AUTHORS: P T JOHNSON, E MCCONNELL, M HERTIG
REFERENCE: Exp Parasitol 1963 Aug 14():107-22


PMID: 14050730<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14050730>
TITLE: RESISTANCE TO THE DRUG PROPAMIDINE IN *LEISHMANIA*
DONOVANI.<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14050730>
AUTHORS: E D HANSON, T NAKABAYASHI, M ISHIBASHI, S INOKI
REFERENCE: Biken J 1963 Apr 6():1-7


PMID: 14075064<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14075064>
TITLE: [CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE CULTURE OF *LEISHMANIA* DONOVANI IN
CHICK EMBRYOS.]<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14075064>
AUTHORS: G LUPASCO, A BOSSIE-AGAVRILOAIEI, M DINCOULESCO
REFERENCE: Arch Roum Pathol Exp Microbiol 1963 Mar 22():167-72


PMID: 14159547<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-10.xml&id=14159547>
TITLE: [SOME PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN EXPERIMENTAL LEISHMANIASIS IN
CRICETULUS AURATUS IN INFECTION WITH THE CENTRAL ASIAN STRAINS OF *
LEISHMANIA* CANIS AND *LEISHMANIA* TROPICA
MAJOR.]<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14159547>
AUTHORS: M P VAVILOVA, V A ALIMOV
REFERENCE: Med Parazitol (Mosk) 1963 Nov-Dec 32():648-55


REQUEST: [ sand fly NOT culicoides ]
(0 articles match this request)

REQUEST: [ sandfly NOT culicoides ]
(0 articles match this request)

[image: Shop at Amazon.com]



You receive this email because you requested RefScout(r)'s literature update.
If you would like to change or add requests, please go to your user
profile<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/user.pl?ACTION=showUser>
.
If you can't read our newsletter, please resend newsletter back to us to
info at refscout.com, including information about your operating system and
mail client software you use, and we will do our best to solve the problem.
If you would like to be removed from RefScout(r)'s literature service, please
press the remove button<http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/user.pl?ACTION=deleteUser>.


DISCLAIMER <http://refscout.com/disclaim.html>
-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: http://lineu.icb.usp.br/pipermail/leish-l/attachments/20070408/8491576c/attachment.html


More information about the Leish-l mailing list