[Leish-l] FW: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis, visceral - Sudan: (GD)

[jeffrey shaw]

From: ProMED-mail <promed at promed.isid.harvard.edu>

Date: 2011/4/10
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis, visceral - Sudan: (GD)
To: promed-ahead-edr at promedmail.org


LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL - SUDAN: (AL QADARIF)


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Date: Fri 8 Apr 2011

Source: Sudanjem.com (Sudan Justice and Equality Movement) [in

Arabic, trans. Corr.SB, edited]

<http://www.sudanjem.com/2011/04/>





Cases of visceral leishmaniasis on the rise in Al Qadarif state,

eastern Sudan

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Cases of visceral leishmaniasis, or kala azar, in Gedaref [Al

Qadarif] state, have increased to more than 5550 cases. The total

number of deaths is now more than 142 a year, increasing by 10 to 15

deaths a month, and medical sources fear that the disease is turning

into a pandemic.



Medical sources familiar with Gedaref (Al Qadarif) state preferred to

withhold the name of the newspaper printing the information on the

campaign, saying they are classified sources. The campaign aims at

eradicating the [sand] flies that transmit the disease by the end of

May [2011], and is estimated to cost 71 000 [Sudanese] pounds [about

USD [27 000].



Er Rahad [in North Kurdufan state] is one of the areas hardest hit by

the disease, with 80 percent of the  state of Gedaref's [Al Qadarif's]

total.



[The article] reports that the campaign will start with the

environmental sanitation situation, the eradication of stray dogs who

are [the redservoir of the disease], along with a campaign to cut

trees that create breeding areas for the [sand] flies.



[Translator notes:

Er Rahad is a town in North Kurdufan state in central Sudan, 30

kilometres [18.6 mi] south of El Obeid.

The state of Al Qadarif is right on the eastern border of the Sudan

with Ethiopia. - Corr.SB]



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[_Leishmania_ is transmitted by the sandfly _Phlebotomus_ spp. The

state of Gedaref (Al Qadarif) is known as a highly endemic area for

_Leishmania_. A previous study from 1997-2000 found 658 cases of

visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in a population of about 4000 people

(Lambert M et al: The sandfly fauna in the visceral-leishmaniasis

focus of Gedaref, in the Atbara-River area of eastern Sudan. Ann Trop

Med Parasitol. 2002; 96(6): 631-6; abstract available at

<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12396326>). The study also

reported that "_Phlebotomus orientalis_ could be responsible for the

indoor transmission of the parasites causing the local VL between

humans and between humans and local dogs (which have been found

infected by some of the _Leishmania zymodemes_ found in humans)."



Maps of the Sudan can be seen at

<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/sudan.pdf> with

former English names, and <http://healthmap.org/r/0G0w> & zoom in to

see Arabic & translated names. - Mod.EP]



[see also:

Leishmaniasis, visceral - Sudan: (southern) 20110313.0810

2010

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Leishmaniasis, visceral - Sudan (04): (SO) 20101216.4453

Leishmaniasis, visceral - Sudan (03): (SO) 20101115.4148

Leishmaniasis, visceral - Sudan (02): (SO) 20101009.3669

Leishmaniasis, visceral - Sudan: (JG) 20100808.2709

2009

----

Leishmaniasis - Sudan: (southern) 20091107.3851

2003

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Leishmaniasis - Sudan (03) 20031228.3152

2002

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Leishmaniasis - Sudan (02) 20021117.5835

Leishmaniasis - Sudan 20021110.5767]

.................................................sb/ep/mj/jw

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