<html>
<head>
<style><!--
.hmmessage P
{
margin:0px;
padding:0px
}
body.hmmessage
{
font-size: 10pt;
font-family:Tahoma
}
--></style></head>
<body class='hmmessage'><div dir='ltr'>
<br><div><div class="ecxgmail_quote">From: <b class="ecxgmail_sendername">ProMED-mail</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu">promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu</a>></span><br>
Date: 2011/4/10<br>Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis, visceral - Sudan: (GD)<br>To: <a href="mailto:promed-ahead-edr@promedmail.org">promed-ahead-edr@promedmail.org</a><br><br><br>LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL - SUDAN: (AL QADARIF)<br>
*********************************************<br>
A ProMED-mail post<br>
<<a href="http://www.promedmail.org" target="_blank">http://www.promedmail.org</a>><br>
ProMED-mail is a program of the<br>
International Society for Infectious Diseases<br>
<<a href="http://www.isid.org" target="_blank">http://www.isid.org</a>><br>
<br>
Date: Fri 8 Apr 2011<br>
Source: Sudanjem.com (Sudan Justice and Equality Movement) [in<br>
Arabic, trans. Corr.SB, edited]<br>
<<a href="http://www.sudanjem.com/2011/04/" target="_blank">http://www.sudanjem.com/2011/04/</a>><br>
<br>
<br>
Cases of visceral leishmaniasis on the rise in Al Qadarif state,<br>
eastern Sudan<br>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
Cases of visceral leishmaniasis, or kala azar, in Gedaref [Al<br>
Qadarif] state, have increased to more than 5550 cases. The total<br>
number of deaths is now more than 142 a year, increasing by 10 to 15<br>
deaths a month, and medical sources fear that the disease is turning<br>
into a pandemic.<br>
<br>
Medical sources familiar with Gedaref (Al Qadarif) state preferred to<br>
withhold the name of the newspaper printing the information on the<br>
campaign, saying they are classified sources. The campaign aims at<br>
eradicating the [sand] flies that transmit the disease by the end of<br>
May [2011], and is estimated to cost 71 000 [Sudanese] pounds [about<br>
USD [27 000].<br>
<br>
Er Rahad [in North Kurdufan state] is one of the areas hardest hit by<br>
the disease, with 80 percent of the state of Gedaref's [Al Qadarif's]<br>
total.<br>
<br>
[The article] reports that the campaign will start with the<br>
environmental sanitation situation, the eradication of stray dogs who<br>
are [the redservoir of the disease], along with a campaign to cut<br>
trees that create breeding areas for the [sand] flies.<br>
<br>
[Translator notes:<br>
Er Rahad is a town in North Kurdufan state in central Sudan, 30<br>
kilometres [18.6 mi] south of El Obeid.<br>
The state of Al Qadarif is right on the eastern border of the Sudan<br>
with Ethiopia. - Corr.SB]<br>
<br>
--<br>
Communicated by:<br>
ProMED-mail<br>
<<a href="mailto:promed@promedmail.org">promed@promedmail.org</a>><br>
<br>
[_Leishmania_ is transmitted by the sandfly _Phlebotomus_ spp. The<br>
state of Gedaref (Al Qadarif) is known as a highly endemic area for<br>
_Leishmania_. A previous study from 1997-2000 found 658 cases of<br>
visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in a population of about 4000 people<br>
(Lambert M et al: The sandfly fauna in the visceral-leishmaniasis<br>
focus of Gedaref, in the Atbara-River area of eastern Sudan. Ann Trop<br>
Med Parasitol. 2002; 96(6): 631-6; abstract available at<br>
<<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12396326" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12396326</a>>). The study also<br>
reported that "_Phlebotomus orientalis_ could be responsible for the<br>
indoor transmission of the parasites causing the local VL between<br>
humans and between humans and local dogs (which have been found<br>
infected by some of the _Leishmania zymodemes_ found in humans)."<br>
<br>
Maps of the Sudan can be seen at<br>
<<a href="http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/sudan.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/sudan.pdf</a>> with<br>
former English names, and <<a href="http://healthmap.org/r/0G0w" target="_blank">http://healthmap.org/r/0G0w</a>> & zoom in to<br>
see Arabic & translated names. - Mod.EP]<br>
<br>
[see also:<br>
Leishmaniasis, visceral - Sudan: (southern) 20110313.0810<br>
2010<br>
----<br>
Leishmaniasis, visceral - Sudan (04): (SO) 20101216.4453<br>
Leishmaniasis, visceral - Sudan (03): (SO) 20101115.4148<br>
Leishmaniasis, visceral - Sudan (02): (SO) 20101009.3669<br>
Leishmaniasis, visceral - Sudan: (JG) 20100808.2709<br>
2009<br>
----<br>
Leishmaniasis - Sudan: (southern) 20091107.3851<br>
2003<br>
----<br>
Leishmaniasis - Sudan (03) 20031228.3152<br>
2002<br>
----<br>
Leishmaniasis - Sudan (02) 20021117.5835<br>
Leishmaniasis - Sudan 20021110.5767]<br>
.................................................sb/ep/mj/jw<br>
*##########################################################*<br>
************************************************************<br>
ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that<br>
are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the<br>
information, and of any statements or opinions based<br>
thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in<br>
using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID<br>
and its associated service providers shall not be held<br>
responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any<br>
damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted<br>
or archived material.<br>
************************************************************<br>
Donate to ProMED-mail. Details available at:<br>
<<a href="http://www.isid.org/ProMEDMail_Donations.shtml" target="_blank">http://www.isid.org/ProMEDMail_Donations.shtml</a>><br>
************************************************************<br>
Visit ProMED-mail's web site at <<a href="http://www.promedmail.org" target="_blank">http://www.promedmail.org</a>>.<br>
Send all items for posting to: <a href="mailto:promed@promedmail.org">promed@promedmail.org</a> (NOT to<br>
an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name<br>
name and affiliation, it may not be posted. You may unsub-<br>
scribe at <<a href="http://www.isid.org/promedmail/subscribe.lasso" target="_blank">http://www.isid.org/promedmail/subscribe.lasso</a>>.<br>
For assistance from a human being, send mail to:<br>
<<a href="mailto:postmaster@promedmail.org">postmaster@promedmail.org</a>>.<br>
############################################################<br>
############################################################<br>
</div><br></div> </div></body>
</html>