<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:xx-large">Dear all,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:xx-large">I would recommend to read the paper on a reappraisal of DDT for the control of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil, in annex.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:xx-large"> It was written by me and Dr. Carlos Costa.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:xx-large"><span style="font-size:12.66px">Sincerely yours</span><div style="font-size:small"><div style="font-size:12.66px">prof. dr. Carlos Brisola Marcondes<br>Dept. Microbiol. Imunol. Parasitol./CCB</div><div style="font-size:12.66px">Federal University of Santa Catarina<br>Florianópolis (SC)</div><div><span style="font-size:12.66px">Brazil</span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.66px">CV: </span><font color="#1155cc"><span style="font-size:12.66px"><u><a href="http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783901J2" target="_blank">http://buscatextual.cnpq.<wbr>br/buscatextual/visualizacv.<wbr>do?id=K4783901J2</a></u></span></font></div></div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:xx-large"><br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">2017-02-07 10:31 GMT-02:00 Carlos Costa <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:chncosta@gmail.com" target="_blank">chncosta@gmail.com</a>></span>:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Dear all,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Israel Cruz, Slavica Vaselek and Luigi Gradoni have sent amazing papers and opinions on the reduction in incidence of kala-azar in Southern Europe after WWII, with data from Spain, Yugoslavia/Serbia and Italy. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">The papers are attached. All agree that the massive spray with DDT was the main causal factor, leading to 20-30 years impact, including India.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">However, other factors acting simultaneously such as the availability of pentavalent antimonials, herd immunity, nutrition could be ruled out as associated driving forces.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br></div><div class="gmail_default"><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Data from other countries such as Portugal, France or Greece have not been shared yet (!). Information from the Middle East and Northern Africa would fuel more insights.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">DDT seems to have been quite important in USSR and East China. Regarding Brazil, DDT certainly was the main factor reducing the incidence in the Sobral and Jequitinhonha Valley.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Therefore, Carlos Brisola's question remains in the game: "Time to re-evaluate DDT?" </div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">I attach the article send by Israel, the two sent by Luigi, and the one by Brisola and I. Also, I share a recent more recent update about kala-azar in China.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">All my best,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Carlos.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">PS. If you are more curious, check this excellent documentary on Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, which actually "killed" DDT: <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/22/us/rachel-carson-ddt-malaria-retro-report.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/0<wbr>1/22/us/rachel-carson-ddt-mala<wbr>ria-retro-report.html</a></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote">---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Gradoni Luigi</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:luigi.gradoni@iss.it" target="_blank">luigi.gradoni@iss.it</a>></span><br>Date: 2017-02-03 13:07 GMT-03:00<br>Subject: Re: [Leish-l] VL Europe<br>To: Carlos Costa <<a href="mailto:chncosta@gmail.com" target="_blank">chncosta@gmail.com</a>><br><br><br>
<div dir="ltr" style="font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:calibri,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">
<p>Hi Carlos,</p>
<p>as regards Italy, VL reduced drastically in incidence immediately after the 1947-1952 malaria eradication campaign using DDT (i.e. at the end of WWII) and remained so till early 1980s, when it increased again.</p>
<p>The transmission has always remained rural or peri-urban.<br>
</p>
<p>Attached are:</p>
<p>- a 1987 Transactions paper on VL in adults in Sicily showing the trend from 1941 through 1984;</p>
<p>- a more recent Eurosurveillance paper on all VL cases in Italy, with the trend from 1982-2012</p>
<p>Best</p>
<p>Luigi <br>
</p>
<div style="color:rgb(33,33,33)">
<hr style="display:inline-block;width:98%">
<div id="gmail-m_-6123606497894806375m_1862238791920375735gmail-m_-2185022562193735152m_8048343573908129247gmail-m_3376674646297455895divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000" face="Calibri, sans-serif"><b>Da:</b> <a href="mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.<wbr>br</a> <<a href="mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp<wbr>.br</a>> per conto di Carlos Costa <<a href="mailto:chncosta@gmail.com" target="_blank">chncosta@gmail.com</a>><br>
<b>Inviato:</b> martedì 24 gennaio 2017 22:34<br>
<b>A:</b> Leish-L<br>
<b>Oggetto:</b> [Leish-l] VL Europe</font>
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<div style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
Dear colleagues,</div>
<div style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<br>
</div>
<div style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
I am always wondering in VL actually reduced the incidence in Europe after WWII.</div>
<div style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<br>
</div>
<div style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
Was the transmission rural or urban?</div>
<div style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<br>
</div>
<div style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
Does anyone know any paper/document on this?</div>
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<br>
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<div style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
Many thanks,</div>
<div style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<br>
</div>
<div style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
Carlos.</div>
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<div style="text-align:left"><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Carlos H. N. Costa, MD, DSc.</span></div>
<div style="text-align:left"><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Chefe/Head<br>
Departamento de Medicina Comunitária<br>
Centro de Ciências da Saúde<br>
Coordenador/Coordinator</span></div>
<div style="text-align:left"><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Laboratório de Leishmanioses - LabLeish</span></div>
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<div style="text-align:left"><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portella<br>
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<div style="text-align:left"><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Universidade Federal do Piauí<br>
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<div style="text-align:left"><font face="verdana, sans-serif">Rua Artur de Vasconcelos 151-Sul</font></div>
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</div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div class="gmail-m_-6123606497894806375m_1862238791920375735gmail-m_-2185022562193735152m_8048343573908129247gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div style="text-align:left"><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Carlos H. N. Costa, MD, DSc.</span></div><div style="text-align:left"><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Chefe/Head<br>Departamento de Medicina Comunitária<br>Centro de Ciências da Saúde<br>Coordenador/Coordinator</span></div><div style="text-align:left"><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Laboratório de Leishmanioses - LabLeish</span></div><div><div style="text-align:left"><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portella<br></span></div><div style="text-align:left"><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Universidade Federal do Piauí<br></span></div><div style="text-align:left"><font face="verdana, sans-serif">Rua Artur de Vasconcelos 151-Sul</font></div><div><div style="text-align:left"><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">64001-450 Teresina-PI</span></div><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><div style="text-align:left">Brazil</div><div style="text-align:left">Telephones: <a href="tel:+55%2086%203222-4377" value="+558632224377" target="_blank">+55 86 3222-4377</a> (W), <div style="text-align:center;display:inline"><div style="text-align:center;display:inline"><a href="tel:+55%2086%203221-3062" value="+558632213062" target="_blank">+55 86 3221-3062</a> (W), </div></div><div style="text-align:center;display:inline"><a href="tel:+55%2086%203237-1075" value="+558632371075" target="_blank">+55 86 3237-1075</a> (R). </div></div><div style="text-align:left"><br></div><div style="text-align:left"><br></div><span style="font-size:x-small"><div style="text-align:left">Aviso: As informações contidas nesta mensagem são CONFIDENCIAIS, protegidas pelo sigilo legal, por direitos autorais e destinadas exclusivamente à pessoa ou organização para a qual a mensagem foi destinada.</div><div style="text-align:left">Warning: This message is meant only for the intended recipient of the transmission. It is forbidden any unauthorized use, alteration, reproduction and distribution. If you are not the correct recipient, please notify us immediately by return e-mail and delete this message from your system.</div></span></font></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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