<div dir="ltr"><font color="#000000" face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><div style="margin:0in 0in 8pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN" style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Dear all,</span></font></div><div style="margin:0in 0in 8pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN" style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">I understand that</span><span lang="EN" style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> sand flies is
properly used to refer to some insect groups, such
as: Ceratopogonidae sand flies, Simulidae sand flies and Phlebotomine
sand flies. Pilipe
remembered well the
article of Robert Killick-Kendrick </span><font color="#000000" face="Calibri">“ …</font></font><font color="#000000"><span style="line-height:107%;font-family:"Palatino-Roman",serif;font-size:10pt">There
is further confusion because in some parts of the world midges (genus </span><i><span style="line-height:107%;font-family:"Palatino-Italic",serif;font-size:10pt">Culicoides</span></i><span style="line-height:107%;font-family:"Palatino-Roman",serif;font-size:10pt">) or black flies (Family Simulidae) are
called sand flies. A distinction must therefore be made for the vectors of the
leishmaniases which are correctly termed phlebotomine sand flies. They are grouped
in the Suborder Nematocera of the Order Diptera (two-winged flies).”</span></font></div><font color="#000000" face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><div style="margin:0in 0in 8pt"><span lang="EN" style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><font size="3">I understand that</font></span><span lang="EN" style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><font size="3"> sandfly (one word) could be used
when referring to species, populations
and individuals of Phlebotomine (eg "the sandfly
<i>Lutzomyia</i><i> longipalpis</i>").
So, I would use sandflies retrictively for the insects that participate in the cycle of leishmaniasis and, consequently, I would
consider as pleonasm the use of plebotomines with sandflies
in the same sentence.<br>
Dear Pof. Jeffrey,
I always associated sand fly (or sandfly) with
the color of sand (at least most of) our delightful
beaches ...sun, sand, waves and cold Beer
(he!he!). Forte abraço!</font></span></div><div style="margin:0in 0in 8pt"><span lang="EN" style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><font size="3">Cheers Claudio</font></span></div><font color="#000000" face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">2016-02-19 19:50 GMT-02:00 <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:jeffreyj@usp.br" target="_blank">jeffreyj@usp.br</a>></span>:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:times new roman,new york,times,serif;font-size:12pt">Dear All,<br><br> The 2009 discussion came down on the side of sand fly as this means a dipteran, and one word was considered as indicating non-depteran - mayfly, hoverfly etc. Because of this I prefer to use sand fly irrespective on which side of the Atlantic I am. However, sandfly crops up in the literature for ceratopongids, such as Culicoides that are dipterans. So if we follow the dipteran rule then they should also be called sand flies! In attempt to resolve this ceratopongid biting midges are sometimes referred to as sand-flies. The term sand fly for American phlebotomines is really crazy as the vast majority occur in forests! Phlebotomines or phlebotomine flies are other options that avoid some of the confusion and complications surrounding sand fly and sandfly.<br><br>Cheers Jeffrey<span name="x"></span><br><br></div><br><br>--<br>
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<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature">Claudio Casanova<br>Biólogo/Pesquisador Científico<br><br>Lab. de Parasitoses por Flagelados<br>Sucen/SR-05/Mogi Guaçu<br><br>Rua Afonso Pessini, 86, Centro - Mogi Guaçu-SP, Brasil - CEP 13.845-206<br>Tel/Fax: (19) 3861-1233<br><br>e-mail: <a href="mailto:casanovaclaus@gmail.com" target="_blank">casanovaclaus@gmail.com</a></div>
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