<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">The idea of "amount of parasites", be it as the inoculation dose or as the spleen source of immunosuppression is very logical. However, as some have pointed, the different parasitized organs may have different roles on the control of the parasite, independently of the parasite itself, even as reversal cause, since the spleen may be the heaviest parasitized just due to its most inherent susceptibility.<br>
<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">I wonder if bone marrow and spleen have different roles in kala-azar. For instances, although highly confounded by the effects of the disease, we do not know of bone marrow aplasia as a cure (or a cure helper) of kala-azar; just the contrary, as indicated by the title of this paper (that I wish somebody send it to me): <br>
<pre>Sirvent-von Bueltzingsloewen A, Marty P, Rosenthal E, Delaunay P,
Allieri-Rosenthal A, Gratecos N, Cassuto JP. Visceral leishmaniasis: a new
opportunistic infection in hematopoietic stem-cell-transplanted patients. Bone
Marrow Transplant. 2004 Mar;33(6):667-8. PubMed PMID: 14730334.</pre></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">If this is real we might think of spleen as the immunossuppressor organ and bone marrow as the protector system?<br>
<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Paul Kaye and his team did a wonderful work years ago on a related subject (see attached).<br><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
Nice weekend!<br><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Carlos. <br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<br><br></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><br><div class="gmail_quote">2013/8/30 "Fernando José Andrade Narváez" <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:anarvaez@uady.mx" target="_blank">anarvaez@uady.mx</a>></span><br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Dear lesihmaniacs,<br>
I agree with all previous comments and suggestions. It is a very good<br>
question but it is important to remark that the spleen is an organ of the<br>
immune system and play different roles. In a recent paper, Chin Med J<br>
(Engl). 2013 Jun;126(12):2354-60. Splenectomy protects experimental rats<br>
from cerebral damage after stroke due to anti-inflammatory effects.<br>
Zhang BJ, Men XJ, Lu ZQ, Li HY, Qiu W, Hu XQ, the authors discussed<br>
antinflammatory effects of spelenctomy. Moreover the spleen is very<br>
important in "humoral" antibodies-response which is increased in VL.<br>
Another issue is to point out regarding the possibility of problems after<br>
splenctomy described in the literature.<br>
Best regards,<br>
Fernando J. Andrade-Narvaez, MD, PhD<br>
Chairman Bioethics Commission, State of Yucatan, Mexico,<br>
Research Bioethics Committee Chairman<br>
Head of Immunology Laboratory<br>
Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi"<br>
Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán,<br>
Ave. Itzáes No. 490x59 CP 97000<br>
Mérida, Yucatán, México<br>
Tel.: 52 999 924-6412 ext. 1156<br>
Fax: 52 999 923-6120<br>
E-mails: <a href="mailto:anarvaez@uady.mx">anarvaez@uady.mx</a>, <a href="mailto:fandrade47@gmail.com">fandrade47@gmail.com</a><br>
<div class="im"><br>
> Dear Carlos,> Your idea of IL-10 is certainly a good guess but the<br>
spleen is loaded with<br>
> undifferentiated monocytic cells that can be infected by Leishmania but<br>
> can not be activated to kill the parasites. We hypothesized and called<br>
> these cells "Safe Targets" that are responsible for perpetuating infection<br>
> even after recovery from disease - based on mouse models.<br>
> Do you think splenectomy cures or just reduces the parasite load, anemia<br>
> and also IL-1 so patients feel better but would eventually relapse if not<br>
> treated further?<br>
> Best wishes<br>
> Farrokh<br>
><br>
> Sent from my DNDi iPhone<br>
> <a href="tel:%2B41%280%29%2079%20815%204318" value="+41798154318">+41(0) 79 815 4318</a><br>
><br>
> On Aug 26, 2013, at 21:54, "Carlos Costa"<br>
</div><div><div class="h5">> <<a href="mailto:chncosta@gmail.com">chncosta@gmail.com</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:chncosta@gmail.com">chncosta@gmail.com</a>>> wrote:<br>
><br>
> Dear leishimmunologists,<br>
><br>
> Do you have any guess on why splenectomy cures kala-azar? Would it be the<br>
> absence of spleen-derived IL-10?<br>
><br>
> All my best,<br>
><br>
> Carlos.<br>
><br>
> --<br>
> Carlos H. N. Costa, MD, DSc.<br>
> Coordenador<br>
> Laboratório de Leishmanioses - LabLeish<br>
> Universidade Federal do Piauí<br>
> Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portella<br>
> Rua Artur de Vasconcelos 151-Sul<br>
> 64001-450 Teresina-PI<br>
> Brazil<br>
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> <a href="tel:%2B55%2086%203221-3062" value="+558632213062">+55 86 3221-3062</a> (W),<br>
> <a href="tel:%2B55%2086%203237-1075" value="+558632371075">+55 86 3237-1075</a> (R).<br>
><br>
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</blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div dir="ltr"><div style="text-align:left"><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Carlos H. N. Costa, MD, DSc.</span></div><div style="text-align:left"><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Coordenador</span></div>
<div style="text-align:left"><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Laboratório de Leishmanioses - LabLeish</span></div><div style="text-align:left"><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Universidade Federal do Piauí</span><br>
</div><div><div style="text-align:left"><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portella</span></div><div style="text-align:left"><font face="verdana, sans-serif">Rua Artur de Vasconcelos 151-Sul</font></div>
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