<html><body><div style="color:; background-color:; font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:13px"><div><SPAN>Diane,</SPAN></div>
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<div><SPAN>That indeed is the real problem. There needs to some standardized protocol for characterization of axenic amastigotes. Has anyone got a biomarker or mole<VAR id=yui-ie-cursor></VAR>cular marker unique to axenics?</SPAN></div>
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<div>……………………………………………………………………………………………..<BR>Asrat Hailu Mekuria (PhD)<BR>Professor of Immunoparasitology<BR>School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University<BR>PO Box 28017 Code 1000<BR>Addis Ababa, Ethiopia<BR>Tel. +251-1-115533197(office); +251-911-480993 (mobile)<BR>e-mail: hailu_a2004@yahoo.com; a_hailu@hotmail.com<BR>……………………………………………………………………………………………..<BR></div>
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<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; DIRECTION: ltr; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">The real problem here is that people fail to characterize their organisms (axenic amastigotes). Some indeed are shocked promastigotes - others grow in culture and are amastigote-like (close approximations and in many characteristics identical). Deflagellation does not mean amastigote. I have long felt people are sloppy in their characterization and hence we have a field where the "axenic amastigotes" connotation has variable meanings. I think this should be changed. I would not eschew the use of axenic amastigotes for the failure of some. We all need to carefully characterize there and use them accordingly. <BR>
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<DIV style="DIRECTION: ltr" id=yiv164986514divRpF189581><FONT color=#000000 size=2 face=Tahoma><B>From:</B> leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br [leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br] on behalf of Descoteaux, Albert [Albert.Descoteaux@iaf.inrs.ca]<BR><B>Sent:</B> Friday, March 29, 2013 8:34 PM<BR><B>To:</B> Sunil Arora<BR><B>Cc:</B> Leish-L email post<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Leish-l] Fwd: hot spots<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
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<DIV>Related to this issue, what are really the mammalian signals that induce promastigote-to-amastigote differentiation? </DIV>
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<DIV>Albert<BR><BR>Envoyé de mon iPad</DIV>
<DIV><BR>Le 2013-03-29 à 15:58, "Sunil Arora" <<A href="mailto:skarora_in@yahoo.com" rel=nofollow target=_blank ymailto="mailto:skarora_in@yahoo.com">skarora_in@yahoo.com</A>> a écrit :<BR><BR></DIV>
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<DIV><SPAN>I agree...axenic amastigotes are more like stressed out promastigotes... I always prefer working with something inside the macrophages as a model for testing drugs or immunomodulators which I believe are closer to actual intracellular amastigotes in the infected host</SPAN></DIV>
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<DIV style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-SIZE: 13px"><SPAN>best</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-SIZE: 13px"><SPAN>sunil</SPAN></DIV>
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<DIV><I><FONT color=#0000bf>---------------------------------------------------------------</FONT></I></DIV>
<DIV><I><FONT color=#0000bf>Dr Sunil K.Arora<BR>Professor <BR>In Charge- HIV Diagnostic and Disease Monitoring Laboratory &<BR>NACO State Reference Laboratory,</FONT></I></DIV>
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<DIV><I><FONT color=#0000bf>Councillor- Federation of Immunological Societies of Asia-oceania (FIMSA)</FONT></I></DIV>
<DIV style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(0,0,191); FONT-SIZE: 13px"><I>Vice President- Indian Immunology Society (IIS)</I></DIV>
<DIV style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(0,0,191); FONT-SIZE: 13px"><I>Secretary (Research)- The Cytometry Society of India (TCS)</I></DIV>
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<DIV style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(0,0,191); FONT-SIZE: 13px"><I><FONT color=#0000bf><VAR id=yiv164986514yui-ie-cursor></VAR>Department of Immunopathology<BR>PGIMER, Chandigarh-160 012<BR>Ph.: 0091-172-2755192 (Off)<BR>FAX: 0091-172-2744401, 2745078<BR>Ph:+91-172-4666087 (Res); 9872866087 (cell)<BR></FONT><FONT color=#0000bf>email: <A href="mailto:skarora_in@yahoo.com" rel=nofollow target=_blank ymailto="mailto:skarora_in@yahoo.com">skarora_in@yahoo.com</A> ; <A href="mailto:skarorain@gmail.com" rel=nofollow target=_blank ymailto="mailto:skarorain@gmail.com">skarorain@gmail.com</A> </FONT></I></DIV>
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<DIV style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #ccc 1px solid; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 0; MARGIN: 5px 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; HEIGHT: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 0px; BORDER-TOP: #ccc 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #ccc 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class=hr contentEditable=false readonly="true"></DIV><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">From:</SPAN></B> Clos Joachim <<A href="mailto:clos@bni-hamburg.de" rel=nofollow target=_blank ymailto="mailto:clos@bni-hamburg.de">clos@bni-hamburg.de</A>><BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">To:</SPAN></B> Leish-L email post <<A href="mailto:Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" rel=nofollow target=_blank ymailto="mailto:Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br">Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</A>> <BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Sent:</SPAN></B> Monday, 11 March 2013 8:16 PM<BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Subject:</SPAN></B> [Leish-l] Fwd: hot spots<BR></FONT></DIV><BR>
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<DIV style="WORD-WRAP: break-word"><FONT style="FONT-SIZE: 13px" class=yiv164986514Apple-style-span color=#010101 face=Baghdad>Are axenic amastigotes a valid model (and for what?), the first developmental step towards real amastigotes, or just stressed-out promastigotes? Many of us use axenics and swear by them, others are skeptical, others will accept what's inside a macrophage, still others only want amastigotes isolated from something with a fur. I believe we should come to some sort of common language and interpretation. I am somewhere in the middle myself, preferring to do things in macrophages whenever possible.</FONT>
<DIV><FONT style="FONT-SIZE: 13px" class=yiv164986514Apple-style-span color=#010101 face=Baghdad>Cheers!</FONT></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV>
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<DIV>Am 07.02.2013 um 20:38 schrieb Carlos Costa:</DIV><BR class=yiv164986514Apple-interchange-newline>
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<DIV dir=ltr><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=+0><FONT face=verdana,sans-serif>What are the most polemic issues in leishmaniasis?<BR clear=all></FONT></FONT></FONT>
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