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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=ES link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Dear All,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>We are very surprised about the information circulating about Madrid visceral leishmaniasis outbreak that contains many mistakes.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Since 2010 a marked increase of leishmaniasis cases in the southwestern Madrid region, mainly in Fuenlabrada, that has been considered as an outbreak. Indeed the mean leishmaniasis incidence rate in the Madrid Autonomous Community is 0.2-0.3/100.000 while in the first 39 weeks of 2011 it was 27.1/100.000 (111 cases in the Hospital of Fuenlabrada).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>The studies carried out at the present time in the focus show the following data:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Canine leishmaniasis prevalence in Fuenlabrada (rK39): 3.6 %, lower than the mean prevalence in this region (5-6%).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Prevalence in cats (lnPCR): 7.3 %<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Prevalence in rabbit (lnPCR): 1.5%<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Prevalence in hares (Lepus granatensis) (skinlnPCR): 28.2%<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Prevalence in hares (rK39): 84%<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Xenodiagnosis of hares with <i>P. perniciosus</i>: 57%.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Regarding to the data from xenodiagnosis in hares they were carried out by R. Molina and M. Jiménez (ISCIII):<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Seven apparently healthy hares rK39 positive were selected. Xenodiagnosis studies were carried out in two sessions (December 2011 and January 2012). Four out of seven rK39 positive hares (57,14%) were able to infect a mean 4,7 % <i>P. perniciosus</i> sand flies (0 to 10,6%).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Xenodiagnosis of leishmaniasis in hares (<i>Lepus granatensis</i>) proved that they are infective to <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i>. Molecular characterization (carried out by Israel Cruz) demonstrates that hares were infected by <i>Leishmania infantum</i>. In conclusion, the data provide evidence on the infectivity of apparently healthy <i>L. infantum </i>infected hares (<i>Lepus granatensis</i>) to phlebotomine sand flies (<i>P. perniciosus</i>). Moreover, they provide significant information related to the role of potential sylvatic reservoirs in spread of leishmaniasis that always have to be taken into account in epidemiological studies.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>We hope that this information should be clarified.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Kind regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Dr. Ricardo Molina <o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Unidad de Entomología Médica <o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Servicio de Parasitología <o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Centro Nacional de Microbiología <o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Instituto de Salud Carlos III <o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo, km 2,3 <o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>28220 MAJADAHONDA, MADRID (SPAIN) <o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Tel. +34 918223674 <o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Fax. +34 915097034 <o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>e-mail: rmolina@isciii.es <o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>URL: http://www.isciii.es<o:p></o:p></span></i></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></body></html>
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