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Good question Carlos,<br>Ask if anyone on Leish-L (Leish-L@lineu.icb.usp.br) knows the answer.<br>Abs<br>Jeffrey<br><br><div><div id="SkyDrivePlaceholder"></div>> Date: Thu, 26 Jan 2012 17:37:16 -0200<br>> From: cbrisola@mbox1.ufsc.br<br>> To: jayusp@hotmail.com<br>> Subject: Re: [Leish-l] FW: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis, canine - Singapore ex Spain: OIE<br>> <br>> Are there potential vectors at Singapore?<br>> <br>> Carlos Brisola Marcondes<br>> Florianópolis (SC)<br>> <br>> Citando jeffrey shaw <jayusp@hotmail.com>:<br>> <br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > Superficially it appears that this report is a simple record of case <br>> > of imported canine visceral leishmaniasis in a non-endemic area. <br>> > However, the animal was treated with " (daily meglumine antimonate <br>> > injection)" which raises the ethical considerations of such <br>> > procedures.<br>> ><br>> > ---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>> > From: ProMED-mail <promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu><br>> ><br>> > Date: 2012/1/26<br>> > Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis, canine - Singapore ex Spain: OIE<br>> > To: promed-ahead-edr@promedmail.org<br>> ><br>> ><br>> > LEISHMANIASIS, CANINE - SINGAPORE ex SPAIN: OIE<br>> ><br>> ><br>> > ***********************************************<br>> ><br>> > A ProMED-mail post<br>> ><br>> > <http://www.promedmail.org><br>> ><br>> > ProMED-mail is a program of the<br>> ><br>> > International Society for Infectious Diseases<br>> ><br>> > <http://www.isid.org><br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > Date: 24 Jan 2011<br>> ><br>> > Source: OIE, WAHID [edited]<br>> ><br>> > <http://web.oie.int/wahis/public.php?page=single_report&pop=1&reportid=11545><br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > Leishmaniasis, Singapore<br>> ><br>> > -----------------------<br>> ><br>> > Information received on 25 Jan 2012 from Dr Siang Thai Chew, Director<br>> ><br>> > General, Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore, Singapore<br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > Summary<br>> ><br>> > Report type Immediate notification (Final report)<br>> ><br>> > Start date 25 Nov 2011<br>> ><br>> > Date of 1st confirmation of the event 25 Nov 2011<br>> ><br>> > Report date 25 Jan 2012<br>> ><br>> > Date submitted to OIE 25 Jan 2012<br>> ><br>> > Date event resolved 16 Jan 2012<br>> ><br>> > Reason for notification 1st occurrence of a listed disease<br>> ><br>> > Manifestation of disease Clinical disease<br>> ><br>> > Causal agent _Leishmania infantum_<br>> ><br>> > Nature of diagnosis Clinical, Laboratory (basic), Laboratory<br>> ><br>> > (advanced)<br>> ><br>> > This event pertains to the whole country<br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > New outbreaks Outbreak 1 Changi, SINGAPORE<br>> ><br>> > Date of start of the outbreak 25 Nov 2011<br>> ><br>> > Outbreak status Resolved (16 Jan 2012)<br>> ><br>> > Epidemiological unit Not applicable<br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > Species Dogs<br>> ><br>> > Susceptible 2<br>> ><br>> > Cases 1<br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > Deaths 0<br>> ><br>> > Destroyed 0<br>> ><br>> > Slaughtered 0<br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > Affected Population: A 3-year-old male British bulldog imported from<br>> ><br>> > Spain. The owner has another 6-year-old male British bulldog imported<br>> ><br>> > from England.<br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > Epidemiology: Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection - Legal<br>> ><br>> > movement of animals<br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > Epidemiological comments: A 3-year-old male British bulldog imported<br>> ><br>> > from Spain showed clinical signs of lethargy, anemia, pyrexia, edema,<br>> ><br>> > proteinuria and multiple cutaneous nodular lumps after being on long<br>> ><br>> > term steroids. The owner has another British bulldog from England<br>> ><br>> > which was not clinically ill. Vector control and treatment for<br>> ><br>> > leishmaniae were carried out.<br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > Control measures: Measures applied - Control of arthropods;<br>> ><br>> > Quarantine; Movement control inside the country; Screening;<br>> ><br>> > Disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s); No vaccination;<br>> ><br>> > Treatment of affected animals (daily meglumine antimonate injection)<br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > Measures to be applied: No other measures<br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > Tests:<br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > Animal Public Health Laboratory (National laboratory)<br>> ><br>> > Species Dogs<br>> ><br>> > Test enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)<br>> ><br>> > Test date 25 Nov 2011<br>> ><br>> > Result Positive<br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > Species Dogs<br>> ><br>> > Test histopathological examination<br>> ><br>> > Test date 25 Nov 2011<br>> ><br>> > Result Positive<br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > Species Dogs<br>> ><br>> > Test G-capture ELISA<br>> ><br>> > Test date 25 Nov 2011<br>> ><br>> > Result Positive<br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > Species Dogs<br>> ><br>> > Test Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA)<br>> ><br>> > Test date 25 Nov 2011<br>> ><br>> > Result Positive<br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > Species Dogs<br>> ><br>> > Test polymerase chain reaction (PCR)<br>> ><br>> > Test date 30 Nov 2011<br>> ><br>> > Result Positive<br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > Future Reporting: The event is resolved. No more reports will be<br>> ><br>> > submitted.<br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > --<br>> ><br>> > Communicated by:<br>> ><br>> > ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org><br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > [Neither Singapore nor nearby Malaysia or Indonesia have reported any<br>> ><br>> > cases of leishmaniasis in dogs since 2005.<br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > Leishmaniasis is frequently imported when dogs travel away from<br>> ><br>> > endemic areas, a not infrequent occurrence. For an overview of the<br>> ><br>> > occurrence in Southern Europe and valuable references, see<br>> ><br>> > "Leishmaniasis - Europe: imported 20120113.1009135." Please note that<br>> ><br>> > treatment is parasite species-specific in dogs; see "Leishmaniasis,<br>> ><br>> > canine - Argentina (02): (CN) 20110323.0908." - Mod.PC<br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at:<br>> ><br>> > <http://healthmap.org/r/1l5I>.]<br>> ><br>> ><br>> ><br>> > [see also:<br>> ><br>> > Leishmaniasis - Europe: imported 20120113.1009135<br>> ><br>> > Leishmaniasis - UK ex Afghanistan: military: 20120108.1003634<br>> ><br>> > 2011<br>> ><br>> > ----<br>> ><br>> > Leishmaniasis, canine - Argentina (02): (CN) 20110323.0908<br>> ><br>> > 2010<br>> ><br>> > ----<br>> ><br>> > Leishmaniasis, human - Spain: 20100612.1969<br>> ><br>> > 2009<br>> ><br>> > ----<br>> ><br>> > Leishmaniasis - UK: imported 20091125.4049<br>> ><br>> > 2004<br>> ><br>> > ----<br>> ><br>> > Leishmaniasis, dog reservoir - Spain 20040524.1388<br>> ><br>> > 2000<br>> ><br>> > ----<br>> ><br>> > Leishmaniasis - Germany ex Spain 20000725.1236]<br>> ><br>> > .................................................sb/pc/msp/lm<br>> ><br>> > *##########################################################*<br>> ><br>> > ************************************************************<br>> ><br>> > ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that<br>> ><br>> > are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the<br>> ><br>> > information, and of any statements or opinions based<br>> ><br>> > thereon, are not guaranteed. 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