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<br><br><div><div id="SkyDrivePlaceholder"></div>Superficially it appears that this report is a simple record of case of imported canine visceral leishmaniasis in a non-endemic area. However, the animal was treated with " (daily meglumine antimonate injection)" which raises the ethical considerations of such procedures.<br><br><div class="ecxgmail_quote">---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: <b class="ecxgmail_sendername">ProMED-mail</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu">promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu</a>></span><br>
Date: 2012/1/26<br>Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis, canine - Singapore ex Spain: OIE<br>To: <a href="mailto:promed-ahead-edr@promedmail.org">promed-ahead-edr@promedmail.org</a><br><br><br>LEISHMANIASIS, CANINE - SINGAPORE ex SPAIN: OIE<br>
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A ProMED-mail post<br>
<<a href="http://www.promedmail.org" target="_blank">http://www.promedmail.org</a>><br>
ProMED-mail is a program of the<br>
International Society for Infectious Diseases<br>
<<a href="http://www.isid.org" target="_blank">http://www.isid.org</a>><br>
<br>
Date: 24 Jan 2011<br>
Source: OIE, WAHID [edited]<br>
<<a href="http://web.oie.int/wahis/public.php?page=single_report&pop=1&reportid=11545" target="_blank">http://web.oie.int/wahis/public.php?page=single_report&pop=1&reportid=11545</a>><br>
<br>
<br>
Leishmaniasis, Singapore<br>
-----------------------<br>
Information received on 25 Jan 2012 from Dr Siang Thai Chew, Director<br>
General, Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore, Singapore<br>
<br>
Summary<br>
Report type Immediate notification (Final report)<br>
Start date 25 Nov 2011<br>
Date of 1st confirmation of the event 25 Nov 2011<br>
Report date 25 Jan 2012<br>
Date submitted to OIE 25 Jan 2012<br>
Date event resolved 16 Jan 2012<br>
Reason for notification 1st occurrence of a listed disease<br>
Manifestation of disease Clinical disease<br>
Causal agent _Leishmania infantum_<br>
Nature of diagnosis Clinical, Laboratory (basic), Laboratory<br>
(advanced)<br>
This event pertains to the whole country<br>
<br>
New outbreaks Outbreak 1 Changi, SINGAPORE<br>
Date of start of the outbreak 25 Nov 2011<br>
Outbreak status Resolved (16 Jan 2012)<br>
Epidemiological unit Not applicable<br>
<br>
Species Dogs<br>
Susceptible 2<br>
Cases 1<br>
<br>
Deaths 0<br>
Destroyed 0<br>
Slaughtered 0<br>
<br>
Affected Population: A 3-year-old male British bulldog imported from<br>
Spain. The owner has another 6-year-old male British bulldog imported<br>
from England.<br>
<br>
Epidemiology: Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection - Legal<br>
movement of animals<br>
<br>
Epidemiological comments: A 3-year-old male British bulldog imported<br>
from Spain showed clinical signs of lethargy, anemia, pyrexia, edema,<br>
proteinuria and multiple cutaneous nodular lumps after being on long<br>
term steroids. The owner has another British bulldog from England<br>
which was not clinically ill. Vector control and treatment for<br>
leishmaniae were carried out.<br>
<br>
Control measures: Measures applied - Control of arthropods;<br>
Quarantine; Movement control inside the country; Screening;<br>
Disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s); No vaccination;<br>
Treatment of affected animals (daily meglumine antimonate injection)<br>
<br>
Measures to be applied: No other measures<br>
<br>
Tests:<br>
<br>
Animal Public Health Laboratory (National laboratory)<br>
Species Dogs<br>
Test enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)<br>
Test date 25 Nov 2011<br>
Result Positive<br>
<br>
Species Dogs<br>
Test histopathological examination<br>
Test date 25 Nov 2011<br>
Result Positive<br>
<br>
Species Dogs<br>
Test G-capture ELISA<br>
Test date 25 Nov 2011<br>
Result Positive<br>
<br>
Species Dogs<br>
Test Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA)<br>
Test date 25 Nov 2011<br>
Result Positive<br>
<br>
Species Dogs<br>
Test polymerase chain reaction (PCR)<br>
Test date 30 Nov 2011<br>
Result Positive<br>
<br>
Future Reporting: The event is resolved. No more reports will be<br>
submitted.<br>
<br>
--<br>
Communicated by:<br>
ProMED-mail <<a href="mailto:promed@promedmail.org">promed@promedmail.org</a>><br>
<br>
[Neither Singapore nor nearby Malaysia or Indonesia have reported any<br>
cases of leishmaniasis in dogs since 2005.<br>
<br>
Leishmaniasis is frequently imported when dogs travel away from<br>
endemic areas, a not infrequent occurrence. For an overview of the<br>
occurrence in Southern Europe and valuable references, see<br>
"Leishmaniasis - Europe: imported 20120113.1009135." Please note that<br>
treatment is parasite species-specific in dogs; see "Leishmaniasis,<br>
canine - Argentina (02): (CN) 20110323.0908." - Mod.PC<br>
<br>
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at:<br>
<<a href="http://healthmap.org/r/1l5I" target="_blank">http://healthmap.org/r/1l5I</a>>.]<br>
<br>
[see also:<br>
Leishmaniasis - Europe: imported 20120113.1009135<br>
Leishmaniasis - UK ex Afghanistan: military: 20120108.1003634<br>
2011<br>
----<br>
Leishmaniasis, canine - Argentina (02): (CN) 20110323.0908<br>
2010<br>
----<br>
Leishmaniasis, human - Spain: 20100612.1969<br>
2009<br>
----<br>
Leishmaniasis - UK: imported 20091125.4049<br>
2004<br>
----<br>
Leishmaniasis, dog reservoir - Spain 20040524.1388<br>
2000<br>
----<br>
Leishmaniasis - Germany ex Spain 20000725.1236]<br>
.................................................sb/pc/msp/lm<br>
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