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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>It is undoubtedly very important to
evaluate the genetics of all currently existing cultured isolates in <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">India</st1:country-region></st1:place>.
To be prudent, clones of these isolates need to be included for examination as
well. Over the years, we have gotten some >300 samples through the kindness
of our colleagues in different forms, ranging from purified DNAs to live/killed
parasites to clinical samples. Sample mix-up does occur in my own lab,
regardless of how meticulous we have tried in handling them. In reality, with
no disrespect to my colleagues, samples received occasionally were not what we
expected apparently due to unintentional errors (most likely of our own in mislabeling).
We subsequently check every sample received by nagt PCR for RFLP or sequencing.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>To examine all cultured isolates circulating
in India is an undertaking of great importance that can be best accomplished by
a centralized facility, like ATCC which can guarantee the identity and quality
of the cultures (also for distribution). It will be great to set up a center of
such collection in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">India</st1:place></st1:country-region>
? I am working with Dr. Robert Modestina of ATCC to deposit some of my
collection and will be happy to provide them to any center of Leishmania
collection.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Many years ago, Sarman Singh of AIIMS
analyzed a small collection of India Leishmania cultures he gathered from different
Indian colleagues and brought to my lab, e. g. Ag83, RMRI, DD8, UR6 etc,
showing their heterogeneity by kDNA/nDNA RFLP analyses. That particular Ag83 is
identical to 3 primary cultures of L donovani Bihar isolates, whereas the UR6
is I/II allelic hetergeneous L tropica in <i><span style='font-style:italic'>nagt</span></i>
sequence (see Table [1] of L. odnovani/infantum complex No. 90-93 & Table
[2] L tropica No. 49 in the website: <a
href="http://rosalindfranklin.edu/dnn/portals/24/documents/microbiology/sampleList.pdf">http://rosalindfranklin.edu/dnn/portals/24/documents/microbiology/sampleList.pdf</a>).
DNAs were all isolated from uncloned, cultured promastigotes. It is difficult
to trace the origin of the old cultures, which must have been passed around in different
labs over the years. Consequently, I can’t say for sure that the UR6 we
examined is identical to yours, for example. This goes with the information for
each isolate provided as well.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Leishmania DNAs in the original sources of
clinical, fly and reservoir samples are more difficult to study, but doable. The
potential problems of using cultured promastigotes can be eliminated by that
approach.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>KP <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> Madhumita Manna
[mailto:madhumita.manna09@gmail.com] <br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Friday, June 03, 2011 11:47
PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> Chang, Kwang-Poo<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b> leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Leish-l] inquiry</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Dear Prof. Chang and all,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Since my Ph.D time at IICB under Prof. Bhaduri, I am trying to characterize
clinical isolates of KA, PKDL collected mainly from Bihar and very few from
West Bengal, by isozyme, RAPD methods and recently I have come across one
isolate having ITS1 sequence matching with K27. By hsp70 also, the isolate was
identified as L.tropica. The isolate was collected from a patient from <st1:place
w:st="on">Bihar</st1:place> and he was suffering from KA and sensitive to SAG.
This is matching with the observations made by Sacks in 1995 taking isolates
from <st1:place w:st="on">Bihar</st1:place>. I have contacted Dr. Sharma for
requesting clinical isolates from his lab to characterize them by isozymes. In
order to divulge the population structure of the causal agents for Indian KA,
isolates from different regions of <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">India</st1:place></st1:country-region> should be collected and
rigorous typing involving many parameters together, should be carried
forward. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Kind regards,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Madhumita <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>on Sat, Jun 4, 2011 at 8:09 AM, Madhumita Manna <<a
href="mailto:madhumita.manna09@gmail.com">madhumita.manna09@gmail.com</a>>
wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;
margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in'>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>
From: <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Chang, Kwang-Poo</span></b> <<a
href="mailto:KwangPoo.Chang@rosalindfranklin.edu" target="_blank">KwangPoo.Chang@rosalindfranklin.edu</a>><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Date: Fri, Jun 3, 2011 at 11:27 PM<br>
Subject: Re: [Leish-l] inquiry<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>To: "<st1:PersonName
w:st="on">Dr.Sunil Arora</st1:PersonName>" <<a
href="mailto:skarora_in@yahoo.com" target="_blank">skarora_in@yahoo.com</a>>,
<a href="mailto:mmukhtar@tropmedicine.org" target="_blank">mmukhtar@tropmedicine.org</a>,
Sharman <<a href="mailto:nandlals@hotmail.com" target="_blank">nandlals@hotmail.com</a>>,
Petr Volf <<a href="mailto:volf@cesnet.cz" target="_blank">volf@cesnet.cz</a>>,
Hiro Goto <<a href="mailto:hgoto@usp.br" target="_blank">hgoto@usp.br</a>>,
elfadil abass <<a href="mailto:elfadil_abass@yahoo.com" target="_blank">elfadil_abass@yahoo.com</a>>,
<a href="mailto:vishwamohan_katoch@yahoo.co.in" target="_blank">vishwamohan_katoch@yahoo.co.in</a>,
lalit Kant ICMR <<a href="mailto:lalitkant@icmr.org.in" target="_blank">lalitkant@icmr.org.in</a>><br>
Cc: <a href="mailto:leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</a><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div vlink=blue link=blue>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>Dear Sunil,</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>Glad to hear from you ! It is good for you (and anyone else) to
chip in with different views/valuable information on the subject under
discussion. I wish to say the following:</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<ol start=1 type=1>
<li class=MsoNormal style='color:navy;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>It is important for you and Dr.
Sharma to work together, which is very much in line with the spirit of
WorldLeish.</span></font><o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:.25in'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<ol start=2 type=1>
<li class=MsoNormal style='color:navy;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Leishmania from some CL
patients along the Sutluj river valley belong to the L donovani/infantum
species complex. As you pointed out, they are refractory to in vitro
cultivation and thus very different from those in <st1:place w:st="on">Bihar</st1:place>.
Splenic aspirates from <st1:PersonName w:st="on">Shyam Sundar</st1:PersonName>’s
VL patients produced exuberant growth as promasigotes in 3N, as I recalled
from my visit to his clinic in the 1980’s (although none of these
promastigotes produces kala-azar in hamsters). This is well-known (correct
me if I should be wrong ?). The genetic sites of these and other Bihar
isolates we examined are different from L infantum strains studied,
including those from <st1:country-region w:st="on">China</st1:country-region>
(Xinjiang, <st1:City w:st="on">Beijing</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st="on">Shandong</st1:State>,
<st1:State w:st="on">Sichuan</st1:State>, <st1:State w:st="on">Gansu</st1:State>),
<st1:country-region w:st="on">Pakistan</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region
w:st="on">Iran</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Turkey</st1:place></st1:country-region> and elsewhere (see Waki
et al. 2007 Eukaryot. Cell 6, 198). Interestingly, the Bihar isolates is
identical to one Sri Lanka CL isolate (DNA kindly provided by Y Matsumoto,
U Tokyo) in nagt sequence, consistent with published report. Most
interestingly, <st1:PersonName w:st="on">Shyam Sundar</st1:PersonName>, JC
Dujardin and their colleagues recently reported the isolation of
Leptomonas from ~7% (according to Shyam) of his <st1:place w:st="on">Bihar</st1:place>
kala-alar samples. This, coupled with the difficulty of in vitro cultures
from clinical samples at least in some cases, underscores the need to
directly examine Leishmania in the original sample sources.</span></font><o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<ol start=3 type=1>
<li class=MsoNormal style='color:navy;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo3'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>I have followed the convention
of naming the causative agents of Indian and Sudanese kala-azar/PKDL as L
donovani. The gene sequences differ between the two (we examined) as well
as from all infantum isolates (including some previously typed by others
as such). However, this L donovani/infantum species complex is the most
sequence-conserved group, consisting of only 5 nagt genetic variants with
limited base substitutions (see Fig. 6[D-4] in Waki et al.). The sequence
divergence can be larger among the infantum variants than between infantum
vs donovani. Analyses of their whole genomic sequencing may shed light on
their true evolutionary relationships in genetic terms. </span></font><o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<ol start=4 type=1>
<li class=MsoNormal style='color:navy;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo4'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>What is the best genetic site
for typing Leishmania isolates ? This is the question I have been asked
repeatedly. My answer to that is try to analyze sequence divergence in as
many sites as possible, preferably the entire genomes. Analyses of most
sites can be informative down to the species complex level. Interpretation
beyond that (to the subspecies complex level, for example) is often
difficult (and thus must remain hypothetical) without a complete database
of all existing Leishmania variants. The database is incomplete because we
are unable to grow parasites from many places and there are too many
endemic sites which have not been explored. </span></font><o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<ol start=5 type=1>
<li class=MsoNormal style='color:navy;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo5'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>With regard to the ease of
isolating L infantum for continuous cultivation from clinical, sand fly
and reservoir samples, different investigators differ in their experience.
Dr. Bastien said he has no problem. <st1:PersonName w:st="on">Carlos Costa</st1:PersonName>
also told me that he has no difficulty of growing L chagasi from his
patients in <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Teresina</st1:place></st1:City>.
He does have a sizable collection of hundreds (or thousands ?) of
isolates, although I was not given the actual rate of successful
isolation.</span></font><o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>KP</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:
bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">Dr.Sunil Arora</st1:PersonName>
[mailto:<a href="mailto:skarora_in@yahoo.com" target="_blank">skarora_in@yahoo.com</a>]
<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Thursday, June 02, 2011
11:55 PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> Chang, Kwang-Poo; <a
href="mailto:mmukhtar@tropmedicine.org" target="_blank">mmukhtar@tropmedicine.org</a>;
Sharman; Petr Volf; Hiro Goto; elfadil abass; <a
href="mailto:vishwamohan_katoch@yahoo.co.in" target="_blank">vishwamohan_katoch@yahoo.co.in</a>;
lalit Kant ICMR </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b> <a
href="mailto:leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</a><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Leish-l] inquiry</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>Dear KP and all</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>I have been reading the exchange of
emails regarding characterisation of leishmania isolates from Himachal in <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">India</st1:place></st1:country-region> by Dr
Sharma and KP. Actually I have also been associated with that though very
briefly and had a chance to try-n-culture some of isolates sent by Dr
Sharma. The cultures became positive but we failed to establish good passagable
cultures from any of aspirates/biopsy specimen sent by Dr Sharma, although
my lab has been able to establish some good number of primaray cultures from spleen/BM
aspirates of Ld strains in Chandigarh, although almost all the source
patients belonged to Bihar originally for these. So there is definetely
some thing very different about the leishmania strains that are circulating in
that geographical area of <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">India</st1:place></st1:country-region>.
we also had a chance to use a specific PCR (that was developed in my lab and
can distinguish between an Ld and any cutaneous strain). we found about 40-50%
of isolates got Ld specific amplification while others didnot show Ld genome.
So I do believe, there is a mix of Ld and some cutaneous strain in that
area which KP is also refering too. It needs to be investigated further... I
know Dr Sharma is on to such effort soon...</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>regards</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>sunil</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><em><i><font size=2 color="#00007f" face=Verdana><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#00007F'>Dr Sunil K.Arora</span></font></i></em><i><font
size=2 color="#00007f" face=Verdana><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Verdana;color:#00007F;font-style:italic'><br>
<em><i><font face=Verdana><span style='font-family:Verdana'>Professor </span></font></i></em><br>
<em><i><font face=Verdana><span style='font-family:Verdana'>In Charge HIV
diagnostic and Disease Monitoring Laboratory</span></font></i></em><br>
<em><i><font face=Verdana><span style='font-family:Verdana'>Department of
Immunopathology</span></font></i></em><br>
<em><i><font face=Verdana><span style='font-family:Verdana'>PGIMER,
Chandigarh-160 012</span></font></i></em><br>
<em><i><font face=Verdana><span style='font-family:Verdana'>Ph.:
0091-172-2755192(Off)</span></font></i></em><br>
<em><i><font face=Verdana><span style='font-family:Verdana'>FAX:
0091-172-2744401, 2745078</span></font></i></em><br>
<em><i><font face=Verdana><span style='font-family:Verdana'>Ph:+91-172-2732863
(Res); 9872866087 (cell)</span></font></i></em><br>
<em><i><font face=Verdana><span style='font-family:Verdana'>email: <a
href="mailto:skarora_in@yahoo.com" target="_blank">skarora_in@yahoo.com</a>; <a
href="mailto:skarorain@gmail.com" target="_blank">skarorain@gmail.com</a></span></font></i></em></span></font></i><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt;
background:white'><b><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'> "Chang, Kwang-Poo" <<a
href="mailto:KwangPoo.Chang@rosalindfranklin.edu" target="_blank">KwangPoo.Chang@rosalindfranklin.edu</a>><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <a
href="mailto:mmukhtar@tropmedicine.org" target="_blank">mmukhtar@tropmedicine.org</a>;
Sharman <<a href="mailto:nandlals@hotmail.com" target="_blank">nandlals@hotmail.com</a>>;
Petr Volf <<a href="mailto:volf@cesnet.cz" target="_blank">volf@cesnet.cz</a>>;
Hiro Goto <<a href="mailto:hgoto@usp.br" target="_blank">hgoto@usp.br</a>>;
elfadil abass <<a href="mailto:elfadil_abass@yahoo.com" target="_blank">elfadil_abass@yahoo.com</a>>;
<a href="mailto:vishwamohan_katoch@yahoo.co.in" target="_blank">vishwamohan_katoch@yahoo.co.in</a>;
lalit Kant ICMR <<a href="mailto:lalitkant@icmr.org.in" target="_blank">lalitkant@icmr.org.in</a>>
</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b> <a
href="mailto:leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</a></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'> Friday, June 3, 2011 12:03 AM <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Leish-l] inquiry<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Dear Maowia,</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Thanks again for the info.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Are there any record available for the
number of successful isolations versus the total number attempted for a given
endemic site ?</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>KP</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><b><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
color:black'> Maowia Mukhtar [mailto: <a href="mailto:mmukhtar@tropmedicine.org"
target="_blank">mmukhtar@tropmedicine.org</a> ] <br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Wednesday, June 01, 2011
10:41 PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> Chang, Kwang-Poo; 'Sharman';
'Petr Volf'; 'Hiro Goto'; 'elfadil abass'; <a
href="mailto:vishwamohan_katoch@yahoo.co.in" target="_blank">vishwamohan_katoch@yahoo.co.in</a>;
'lalit Kant ICMR' </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black'><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b> <a
href="mailto:leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</a></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
color:black'> RE: [Leish-l] inquiry<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'>Dear KP,</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'>Thanks for your
comments and valuable notes. We have a high success rate inc culturing
Leishmania from clinical aspirates. We have even succeeded in culturing
Leishmania directly from PKDL lesions without using hamsters although the
parasite is known to be scarce in these lesions. We have noticed that the
rate of success of cultures varies between endemic regions in <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Sudan</st1:place></st1:country-region> as well
as between the clinical forms. Sudanese Leishmania donovani is known to
be different from the Indian donovani even in their response to antileishmania
drugs and in their reaction using different diagnostic serology tests. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'>Best regards</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'>Maowia</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><b><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D;font-weight:bold'>Professor
Maowia M. Mukhtar</span></font></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on"><b><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
Calibri;color:#1F497D;font-weight:bold'>Institute</span></font></b></st1:PlaceType><b><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
Calibri;color:#1F497D;font-weight:bold'> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Endemic</st1:PlaceName></span></font></b></st1:place><b><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
Calibri;color:#1F497D;font-weight:bold'> Diseases</span></font></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on"><b><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
Calibri;color:#1F497D;font-weight:bold'>University</span></font></b></st1:PlaceType><b><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
Calibri;color:#1F497D;font-weight:bold'> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Khartoum</st1:PlaceName></span></font></b></st1:place><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><b><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D;font-weight:bold'>P.O.
Box 11463, khartoum, Sudan</span></font></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><b><font size=2
color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:#1F497D;font-weight:bold'>Mobile</span></font></b></st1:place></st1:City><b><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
Calibri;color:#1F497D;font-weight:bold'>; +249912234268</span></font></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><b><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D;font-weight:bold'>Fax:
+249183779712</span></font></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><b><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
color:black'> Chang, Kwang-Poo [mailto:<a
href="mailto:KwangPoo.Chang@rosalindfranklin.edu" target="_blank">KwangPoo.Chang@rosalindfranklin.edu</a>]
<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> 02 June 2011 01:42<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> mmukhtar; Sharman; Petr Volf;
Hiro Goto; elfadil abass; <a href="mailto:vishwamohan_katoch@yahoo.co.in"
target="_blank">vishwamohan_katoch@yahoo.co.in</a>; lalit Kant ICMR<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b> <a
href="mailto:leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</a>;
Chang, Kwang-Poo </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black'><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> RE: [Leish-l] inquiry</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Dear Maowia,</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Gald to hear from you with your
work-in-progress. May I ask you some questions and share with you some info
from my very limited experience with Sudanese L donovani ? Please correct my
statements, if inccorrect.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<ol start=1 type=1>
<li class=MsoNormal style='color:navy;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo6;background:white'><font size=2 color=navy
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>“difficult
to maintain” means that the promastigotes emerge after incubation of
lesion aspirates/punctures in appropriate media and replicate during
successive passages, but are low in cell density and easily lost during
repetitive passages for continuous cultivation ?</span></font><o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
<div style='margin-left:.25in'>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<ol start=2 type=1>
<li class=MsoNormal style='color:navy;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo7;background:white'><font size=2 color=navy
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>“difficult
to grow” means that the promastigotes never emerge or emerge after
incubation of lesion aspirates/punctures in appropriate media, but
subsequently fail to replicate or replicate to a limited extent on
subculture ?</span></font><o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<ol start=3 type=1>
<li class=MsoNormal style='color:navy;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo8;background:white'><font size=2 color=navy
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>What is the
rate of success in your attempts to isolate parasites in culture from
clinical samples in each endemic site over the years ? </span></font><o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<ol start=4 type=1>
<li class=MsoNormal style='color:navy;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo9;background:white'><font size=2 color=navy
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>The Sudanese
strain used by many in the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">USA</st1:place></st1:country-region>
was probably brought over decades ago by Donald Hyneman and established in
Syrian Golden hamsters by Leslie Stauber and his students. In the
70’s, I had the good fortune of working with Dennis Dwyer on his S1
or S2 strains of this origin. As widely reported in the literature, this
is an excellent model of visceral leishmaniasis, producing typical
clinical outcome consistently, including invariable death and splenic LD
loads of up to 10<sup>10</sup> per heavily infected spleen. I recall I had
difficult time to differentiate these splenic amastigotes into
promastigotes. I did see some motile promastigotes. While a small number
remains viable, many died and appeared as ghosts during the subsequent
incubation. This has led me to suspect selection of cultivable clones. In
some, but not all of these cultures, promastigotes eventually became ‘adapted’
to the culture conditions and grew, producing consistently up to ~40 X 10<sup>6</sup>
cells/ml in 4-5 days in successive passages (starting from ~10<sup>6</sup>/ml
= ~ 4-5 generation or replication cycles). The stationary phase
promastigotes of these cultures no longer produce good infection of
hamsters, irrespective of the passage numbers (Isolation of
‘metacyclics” to produce good infection has since been
reported in the literature, if I remember correctly). These promastigotes
are more similar to the Mediterranean L infantum than to the Indian L
donovani of the <st1:place w:st="on">Bihar</st1:place> region in the
sequence of their single-copy protein-coding genes, as probably already
shown by many based on sequencing other genetic sites. </span></font><o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>KP</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><b><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
color:black'> Maowia Mukhtar [mailto: <a href="mailto:mmukhtar@tropmedicine.org"
target="_blank">mmukhtar@tropmedicine.org</a> ] <br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, May 31, 2011 2:30
PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> 'Sharman'; 'Petr Volf'; Chang,
Kwang-Poo; 'Hiro Goto'; 'elfadil abass'; <a
href="mailto:vishwamohan_katoch@yahoo.co.in" target="_blank">vishwamohan_katoch@yahoo.co.in</a>;
'lalit Kant ICMR' </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black'><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b> <a
href="mailto:leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</a></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
color:black'> RE: [Leish-l] inquiry</span></font> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'>Dear Colleagues,</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'>We have very
interesting experience with Sudanese L.donovani. This group of parasite
although are genetically homogenous they still cause diverse clinical forms in <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Sudan</st1:place></st1:country-region> ranging
from VL, PKDL, ML to CL. We have isolated L. donovani MON82 from classic
cutaneous ulcers and typed them using both isoenzyme and molecular typing
techniques. Please check our manuscript (Elamin et al. 2008. </span></font><font
size=1 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>Trans R Soc </span></font><font size=1 color="#1f497d" face=Arial><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#1F497D'>Trop Med Hyg. 2008
Jan;102(1):54-7.). We have analyzed several virulence genes comparing the
isolates from the diverse clinical forms and they turned to be are highly
homologous. Immunologically they induce different immune responses (TH1/TH2).
We know the vector of L.donovani VL isolates which is P. orientalis, but we
still don’t know the vector of cutaneous L. donovani parasite. We believe
the vector plays an important role in the pathogenesis and the outcome of L.
donovani infection together with the host immune response and may be some of
the parasite virulence factors. We will soon published our data on parasite typing
and host immune responses of the diverse clinical forms. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=1 color="#1f497d" face=Arial><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#1F497D'>Best regards</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=1 color="#1f497d" face=Arial><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#1F497D'>Maowia</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><b><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D;font-weight:bold'>Professor
Maowia M. Mukhtar</span></font></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on"><b><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
Calibri;color:#1F497D;font-weight:bold'>Institute</span></font></b></st1:PlaceType><b><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
Calibri;color:#1F497D;font-weight:bold'> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Endemic</st1:PlaceName></span></font></b></st1:place><b><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
Calibri;color:#1F497D;font-weight:bold'> Diseases</span></font></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on"><b><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
Calibri;color:#1F497D;font-weight:bold'>University</span></font></b></st1:PlaceType><b><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
Calibri;color:#1F497D;font-weight:bold'> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Khartoum</st1:PlaceName></span></font></b></st1:place><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><b><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D;font-weight:bold'>P.O.
Box 11463, khartoum, Sudan</span></font></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><b><font size=2
color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:#1F497D;font-weight:bold'>Mobile</span></font></b></st1:place></st1:City><b><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
Calibri;color:#1F497D;font-weight:bold'>; +249912234268</span></font></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><b><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D;font-weight:bold'>Fax:
+249183779712</span></font></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><b><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
color:black'> <a href="mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br</a>
[mailto:<a href="mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br</a>]
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Sharman<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> 31 May 2011 18:13<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> Petr Volf; Chang, Kwang-Poo;
Hiro Goto; elfadil abass; <a href="mailto:vishwamohan_katoch@yahoo.co.in"
target="_blank">vishwamohan_katoch@yahoo.co.in</a>; lalit Kant ICMR<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b> <a
href="mailto:leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</a><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Leish-l] inquiry</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>Hi Petr,</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>Thanks for enclosing the pdf. In fact
the strain which we are dealing with is not very difficult to grow but
difficult to maintain, It is rK 39 positive and as I mentioned in the
conversation below that even the serous exudate from the ulcer is also positive
for rK 39 dipstick. In between because of my relocation to a different
institute I was little away from this work but I intend to resume this work in
couple of months. Although in past we tried to isolate the parasite from sand
flies but did not succeed. We will surely attempt again with the
techniques described by you and others. Contamination is the problem.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>This particular focus seems to be a
complex one.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>NL Sharma</span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:whitesmoke'><b><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
color:black'> <a href="mailto:volf@cesnet.cz" target="_blank"
title="volf@cesnet.cz">Petr Volf</a> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:whitesmoke'><b><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
color:black'> Tuesday, May 31, 2011 12:36 PM</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:whitesmoke'><b><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;font-weight:bold'>To:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
color:black'> <a href="mailto:KwangPoo.Chang@rosalindfranklin.edu"
target="_blank" title="KwangPoo.Chang@rosalindfranklin.edu">Chang, Kwang-Poo</a>
; <a href="mailto:nandlals@hotmail.com" target="_blank"
title="mailto:nandlals@hotmail.com CTRL + Click to follow link">Sharman</a>
; <a href="mailto:hgoto@usp.br" target="_blank"
title="mailto:hgoto@usp.br CTRL + Click to follow link">Hiro Goto</a>
; <a href="mailto:elfadil_abass@yahoo.com" target="_blank"
title="mailto:elfadil_abass@yahoo.com CTRL + Click to follow link">elfadil
abass</a> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:whitesmoke'><b><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
color:black'> <a href="mailto:leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank"
title="leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br">leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</a> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:whitesmoke'><b><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
color:black'> Re: [Leish-l] inquiry</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Hi K.P.,</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>in Cukurova region, <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Turkey</st1:place></st1:country-region> ,
cutaneous L. infantum (now it seems that we are dealing with L.donovani/L.
infantum hybrid) grew very poorely if we isolated them from patients. Only 1 of
25 isolations was succesfull. However, the same strain (confirmed by molecular
methods) grew repeatedly and very well if we isolated them from sandflies. It
might be useful for Dr. Sharma try to get isolates from sand flies. It is very
laborious but very useful, in Cukurova we got about dozen of isolates by this
method (all identical).</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Patients are rK39 negative, see attached
paper.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Best wishes</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Petr</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt;
margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>----- Original Message ----- </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:#E4E4E4'><b><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'> <a href="mailto:KwangPoo.Chang@rosalindfranklin.edu"
target="_blank" title="KwangPoo.Chang@rosalindfranklin.edu">Chang, Kwang-Poo</a>
</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><b><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-weight:bold'>To:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'> <a href="mailto:nandlals@hotmail.com" target="_blank"
title="nandlals@hotmail.com">Sharman</a> ; <a href="mailto:hgoto@usp.br"
target="_blank" title="hgoto@usp.br">Hiro Goto</a> ; <a
href="mailto:elfadil_abass@yahoo.com" target="_blank"
title="elfadil_abass@yahoo.com">elfadil abass</a> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><b><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'> <a href="mailto:leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank"
title="leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br">leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</a> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><b><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'> Sunday, May 22, 2011 1:39 AM</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><b><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black;font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'> Re: [Leish-l] inquiry</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Dr. NL Sharma has been working on an
important CL endemic area along the <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Satluj</st1:PlaceName>
<st1:PlaceType w:st="on">River</st1:PlaceType> valley to the south of
Himalaya in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">India</st1:place></st1:country-region>
(Please correct me should I be wrong for anything I said here and below). I had
the good fortune of visiting the site several years back courtesy of Dr.
Sharma. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>I believe Dr. Sharma's finding is
important, since the parasites there are different from the familiar Indian L
donovani in <st1:place w:st="on">Bihar</st1:place> . The parasites are
refratory to in vitro cultivation. They do differentiate into promastigotes and
may grow a little, but can't really be subcultured to establish
passageable lines. This is very much reminescent of L infantum in the
Mediterranean area. I recall Dr. Sharma has also found rK39+ dogs, if I
remember correctly. If so, Satluj river valley is endemic to
the infantile CL.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Analyses of several batches of basically
clinical CL samples from Dr. Sharma showed evidence of L infantum, but also L
tropica as well as a mixture of the two in one sample. This is the same
picture we have noted for samples from <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Hatay</st1:City>
, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Turkey</st1:country-region></st1:place> .</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>These observations make me wonder a lot
about our current knowledge on the clinico-epidemiology based on data collected
previously by analyses of cultured promastigotes from one or
few 'representative samples'. Nowaday, technology makes it very doable
to work with biological samples for Leish DNAs directly from sand flies,
patients and reservoir animals.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>KP</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><b><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
color:black'> <a href="mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br</a>
on behalf of Sharman<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Fri 5/20/2011 11:31 PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> Hiro Goto; elfadil abass<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b> <a
href="mailto:leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</a><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Leish-l] inquiry</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=2 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:black'>Dear all<br>
I agree with Hiro gito, We are working on a focus where the CL is<br>
predominantly caused by L. donovani, and the rK 39 STRIPS GIVE POSITIVE<br>
RESULTS WITH SERA as well as serous exudate from the lesion. The results are<br>
dependent upon species.<br>
NL Sharma<br>
<br>
--------------------------------------------------<br>
From: "Hiro Goto" <<a href="mailto:hgoto@usp.br" target="_blank">hgoto@usp.br</a>><br>
Sent: Wednesday, May 18, 2011 12:09 AM<br>
To: "elfadil abass" <<a href="mailto:elfadil_abass@yahoo.com"
target="_blank">elfadil_abass@yahoo.com</a>><br>
Cc: <<a href="mailto:leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</a>><br>
Subject: Re: [Leish-l] inquiry<br>
<br>
> Dear all,<br>
> In our oppinion, DAT and rK39 for those samples are not indicated
since<br>
> these tests are produced for the diagnosis of visceral
leishmaniasis.<br>
> In case of tegumentary leishmaniasis, it is very appropriate the<br>
> observation of J.J. Shaw appointing species specificity of antibody<br>
> response in these cases. Titers of antibodies are in general low in
these<br>
> cases therefore depending on the species, it may result negative. We
have<br>
> published a review recently in Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther. 8(4),<br>
> 419?433 (2010), Current diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous and<br>
> mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, where we raise this point.<br>
> Hiro Goto<br>
><br>
> Citando elfadil abass <<a href="mailto:elfadil_abass@yahoo.com"
target="_blank">elfadil_abass@yahoo.com</a>>:<br>
><br>
>> Dear all I would recommend using DAT and rK39 strip test to measure<br>
>> antibody<br>
>> responses and to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency for both
tests in<br>
>> such group<br>
>> of patients.<br>
>><br>
>> Elfadil Abass<br>
>> ________________________________________________________________________________<br>
>> <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Institute</st1:PlaceType>
of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Medical</st1:PlaceName></st1:place> Microbiology
and Hospital Hygiene<br>
>> <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Philipps</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceName> <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Marburg</st1:place></st1:City><br>
>> BMFZ / Hans-Meerwein Straße 2<br>
>> D-35033 <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Marburg</st1:City> , <st1:country-region
w:st="on">Germany</st1:country-region></st1:place><br>
>> ________________________________________________________________________________<br>
>><br>
>><br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> ________________________________<br>
>> From: Nuha Nuwayri-Salti <<a href="mailto:racha@aub.edu.lb"
target="_blank">racha@aub.edu.lb</a>><br>
>> To: saad saad <<a href="mailto:saad1426@gmail.com" target="_blank">saad1426@gmail.com</a>>;
"<a href="mailto:leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</a>"<br>
>> <<a href="mailto:leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</a>><br>
>> Sent: Fri, May 13, 2011 9:39:33 AM<br>
>> Subject: Re: [Leish-l] inquiry<br>
>><br>
>> Dear Saad first precaution to take is to separate your samples into<br>
>> several<br>
>> portions each (at least 5 each being no more than a few
hundred(200-400)<br>
>> microliters). This is a necessary precaution to avoid freezing and<br>
>> thawing<br>
>> several times the same sample which will be the case should you do<br>
>> different<br>
>> studies at different times which is unavoidable.<br>
>><br>
>> What you can do is correlate the type(ulcerated, abscess, furuncle<br>
>> etc.. ) the<br>
>> locale, the number and age of lesions with the levels of antibody
in the<br>
>> sera of<br>
>> these patgients and also monitor cell mediated immunity with
leishmanin<br>
>> skin<br>
>> test!<br>
>> I have just published (in print) an article about having circulating<br>
>> parasites<br>
>> in some of these patients with apparently pure cutaneous disease. It
is<br>
>> the<br>
>> first paper that revealed this fact. It would be interesting to
confirm<br>
>> or<br>
>> de-confirm this fact repeating what we did.<br>
>> Best wishes<br>
>><br>
>> Nuha Nuwayri-Salti MD<br>
>><br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> AOA<br>
>> Medical Honor Society<br>
>><br>
>><br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> -----Original Message-----<br>
>> From: <a href="mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br</a><br>
>> [<a href="mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br</a>]<br>
>> On Behalf Of saad saad<br>
>> Sent: Friday, April 29, 2011 11:23 PM<br>
>> To: <a href="mailto:leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</a><br>
>> Subject: [Leish-l] inquiry<br>
>><br>
>> Dear all<br>
>> Hi. i am Saad from <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Saudi
Arabia</st1:place></st1:country-region> . i have 60 sera from positive case
of<br>
>> CL from south west of the country. I would like to have your<br>
>> recommendations to start a good research line in CL using these sera.<br>
>> Thanks in advance for your help<br>
>> _______________________________________________<br>
>> Leish-l mailing list<br>
>> <a href="mailto:Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</a><br>
>> <a href="http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l"
target="_blank">http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l</a><br>
>> _______________________________________________<br>
>> Leish-l mailing list<br>
>> <a href="mailto:Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</a><br>
>> <a href="http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l"
target="_blank">http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l</a><br>
>><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> Profa. Dra. Hiro Goto<br>
> Laboratório de Soroepidemiologia e Imunobiologia<br>
> Instituto de Medicina Tropical de <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">São
Paulo</st1:place></st1:City> , USP<br>
> Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, prédio II, quarto andar<br>
> 05403-000 - <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">São Paulo</st1:place></st1:City>
, SP<br>
> Tel. +55-11-3061 7023, 3061 7056 ou 3061 7027<br>
> Fax. +55-11-3061-8270<br>
><br>
> _______________________________________________<br>
> Leish-l mailing list<br>
> <a href="mailto:Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</a><br>
> <a href="http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l"
target="_blank">http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l</a><br>
><br>
_______________________________________________<br>
Leish-l mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</a><br>
<a href="http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l"
target="_blank">http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l</a></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>_______________________________________________<br>
Leish-l mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</a><br>
<a href="http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l"
target="_blank">http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l</a></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt;
background:white'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><br>
_______________________________________________<br>
Leish-l mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</a><br>
<a href="http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l"
target="_blank">http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l</a></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><br>
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