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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>We also believe that it is impossible to separate kala-azar from
visceral leishmaniasis. For policymaker / donor / and common audience we prefer
to keep the definition “VL”. However, for academic purpose under
the umbrella of VL we may place “kala-azar”, “calazar”
and “Sudanese kala-azar/VL” to specify “Anthroponotic VL in
the Indian sub-continent”, “VL in Brazil” and “VL in
Sudan” respectively, since three conditions differ little bit from each
other in respect to etiology, mode of transmission (reservoir, vector) and the
population (particularly age group) affected.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br
[mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Shyam Sundar<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, April 15, 2010 10:10 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Leish-L<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Leish-l] Fwd: name<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:purple'>It will be impossible erase kala-azar from leishmaniasis, you
might try and restrict it to anthroponotic VL. It originated from the deadly
black fever without treatment. Now also you do see occasional blackish
discoloration. For most of us, VL and kala-azar us synonymous.</span></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> <a
href="mailto:chncosta@gmail.com" title="chncosta@gmail.com">Carlos Costa</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>Sent:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Thursday, April 08,
2010 12:54 AM<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>To:</span></b><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> <a
href="mailto:Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" title="Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br">Leish-L</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>Subject:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> [Leish-l] Fwd: name<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>---------- Forwarded message
----------<br>
From: <b>Ashford, R</b> <<a href="mailto:ashford@liverpool.ac.uk">ashford@liverpool.ac.uk</a>><br>
Date: 2010/4/6<br>
Subject: RE: [Leish-l] name<br>
To: Carlos Costa <<a href="mailto:chncosta@gmail.com">chncosta@gmail.com</a>><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";
color:black'>'Visceral leishmaniasis' is correct for all versions.
Personally I much prefer to restrict 'kala azar' to the anthroponotic disease
in the Indian subcontinent. The epidemiology is so different from that of
L. infantum infection that they deserve different names. The disease in East
Africa is a problem! </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";
color:black'>A serious constraint in advocacy of leish, one of the many reasons
why malaria is so much better known, is the confusion over the names and the
unfamiliarity of both 'leishmaniasis' and 'kala azar' in the public
consciousness. Neither leish nor k-a is a household name.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
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<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>This
doesn't answer your question and, fortunately, we have no 'Academy' of the
English language, so there is no definitive answer. All versions are
'correct' if they are routinely used, which means they have to be explained and
defined whenever they are used.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>By
the way, I believe the 'kala', which means 'black' (same root as 'coal') refers
not to skin colour, but to the seriousness of epidemics, as with 'black death'
for whatever disease(s) (bubonic plague?) killed so many people at that time.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
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<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>Regards,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>Dick
Ashford</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>Consultant
Biologist</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>Richard
W. Ashford DSc</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>142
Meols Parade</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>Meols</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>CH47
6AN</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>UK</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>Tel
+44 (0)151 632 2714</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> <a
href="mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br</a>
[<a href="mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br</a>]
On Behalf Of Carlos Costa [<a href="mailto:chncosta@gmail.com" target="_blank">chncosta@gmail.com</a>]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 23 March 2010 23:02<br>
<b>To:</b> Leish-L<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Leish-l] name</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong>Visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar? Which, when,
how?</strong> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>Carlos.<br clear=all>
<br>
-- <br>
Carlos H. N. Costa, MD, DSc.<br>
Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portella<br>
Universidade Federal do Piauí<br>
Brazil<br>
Telephone: +55 86 3221-3413<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><br>
<br clear=all>
<br>
-- <br>
Carlos H. N. Costa, MD, DSc.<br>
Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portella<br>
Universidade Federal do Piauí<br>
Brazil<br>
Telephone: +55 86 3221-3413<br>
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