<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" ><tr><td valign="top" style="font: inherit;">I do endorse the comments of Dr Shyam Sunder and Anuradha that KA and VL are synonymous in India and elsewhere<BR><BR>dunil aroraemail: skarora_in@yahoo.com<BR><BR>--- On <B>Tue, 4/20/10, Anuradha Dube <I><anuradhadube@gmail.com></I></B> wrote:<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE style="BORDER-LEFT: rgb(16,16,255) 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px"><BR>From: Anuradha Dube <anuradhadube@gmail.com><BR>Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Fwd: name<BR>To: Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br<BR>Date: Tuesday, April 20, 2010, 8:07 AM<BR><BR>
<DIV id=yiv738822014>I fully agree with Dr Shyam Sundar's view that VL and Kala azar are synonymous. Elaborately, to my understanding, VL is classified on the basis of <I>Leishmania</I> strains as below:
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<DIV><B><I>Leishmania donovani donovani</I> ( LDd),</B> commonly known as <U>Kala-azar </U>in India and Sudan (Africa) as <B>Anthroponotic VL. </B>A further manifestation in the form of<B> Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmanoid (PKDL) </B>occurs in humans<B> </B>in<B> India and Sudan </B>(only?<B>) </B>is due to this strain only (LDd)</DIV>
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<DIV><B><I>Leishmania donovani chagasi</I> ( LDc)</B> commonly known as <U>calaazar</U> in South America (Brazil) and <B><I>Leishmania donovani infantum</I> (LDi)</B> commonly known as <U>Mediterranean VL</U> in Mediterranean, as <B>Zoonotic VL (</B>with dog as reservoir<B>)</B>. </DIV>
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<DIV>Anuradha</DIV>
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<DIV class=gmail_quote>On Thu, Apr 15, 2010 at 8:40 PM, Shyam Sundar <SPAN dir=ltr><<A href="http://us.mc332.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=drshyamsundar@hotmail.com" rel=nofollow target=_blank ymailto="mailto:drshyamsundar@hotmail.com">drshyamsundar@hotmail.com</A>></SPAN> wrote:<BR>
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<DIV><STRONG><FONT color=#800080 face=Arial>It will be impossible erase kala-azar from leishmaniasis, you might try and restrict it to anthroponotic VL. It originated from the deadly black fever without treatment. Now also you do see occasional blackish discoloration. For most of us, VL and kala-azar us synonymous.</FONT></STRONG></DIV>
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<DIV><B>From:</B> <A title=chncosta@gmail.com href="http://us.mc332.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=chncosta@gmail.com" rel=nofollow target=_blank ymailto="mailto:chncosta@gmail.com">Carlos Costa</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, April 08, 2010 12:54 AM</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A title=Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br href="http://us.mc332.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" rel=nofollow target=_blank ymailto="mailto:Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br">Leish-L</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> [Leish-l] Fwd: name</DIV></DIV></DIV>
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<DIV class=gmail_quote>---------- Forwarded message ----------<BR>From: <B class=gmail_sendername>Ashford, R</B> <SPAN dir=ltr><<A href="http://us.mc332.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=ashford@liverpool.ac.uk" rel=nofollow target=_blank ymailto="mailto:ashford@liverpool.ac.uk">ashford@liverpool.ac.uk</A>></SPAN><BR>Date: 2010/4/6<BR>Subject: RE: [Leish-l] name<BR>To: Carlos Costa <<A href="http://us.mc332.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=chncosta@gmail.com" rel=nofollow target=_blank ymailto="mailto:chncosta@gmail.com">chncosta@gmail.com</A>><BR><BR><BR>
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<DIV dir=ltr><FONT color=#000000 size=2 face=Tahoma>'Visceral leishmaniasis' is correct for all versions. Personally I much prefer to restrict 'kala azar' to the anthroponotic disease in the Indian subcontinent. The epidemiology is so different from that of L. infantum infection that they deserve different names. The disease in East Africa is a problem! </FONT></DIV>
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<DIV dir=ltr><FONT color=#000000 size=2 face=Tahoma>A serious constraint in advocacy of leish, one of the many reasons why malaria is so much better known, is the confusion over the names and the unfamiliarity of both 'leishmaniasis' and 'kala azar' in the public consciousness. Neither leish nor k-a is a household name.</FONT></DIV>
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<DIV dir=ltr><FONT size=2 face=Tahoma>This doesn't answer your question and, fortunately, we have no 'Academy' of the English language, so there is no definitive answer. All versions are 'correct' if they are routinely used, which means they have to be explained and defined whenever they are used.</FONT></DIV>
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<DIV dir=ltr><FONT size=2 face=Tahoma>By the way, I believe the 'kala', which means 'black' (same root as 'coal') refers not to skin colour, but to the seriousness of epidemics, as with 'black death' for whatever disease(s) (bubonic plague?) killed so many people at that time.</FONT></DIV>
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<DIV dir=ltr><FONT size=2 face=Tahoma>Regards,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT size=2 face=Tahoma></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT size=2 face=Tahoma>Dick Ashford</FONT></DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr><FONT size=2 face=Tahoma></FONT> </DIV>
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<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Tahoma>Consultant Biologist</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Tahoma>Richard W. Ashford DSc</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=tahoma>142 Meols Parade</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=tahoma>Meols</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=tahoma>CH47 6AN</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=tahoma>UK</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=tahoma>Tel +44 (0)151 632 2714</FONT></DIV></DIV>
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<FONT size=2 face=Tahoma><B>From:</B> <A href="http://us.mc332.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br" rel=nofollow target=_blank ymailto="mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br">leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br</A> [<A href="http://us.mc332.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br" rel=nofollow target=_blank ymailto="mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br">leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br</A>] On Behalf Of Carlos Costa [<A href="http://us.mc332.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=chncosta@gmail.com" rel=nofollow target=_blank ymailto="mailto:chncosta@gmail.com">chncosta@gmail.com</A>]<BR><B>Sent:</B> 23 March 2010 23:02<BR><B>To:</B> Leish-L<BR><B>Subject:</B> [Leish-l] name<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
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<DIV><STRONG>Visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar? Which, when, how?</STRONG> </DIV>
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<DIV>Carlos.<BR clear=all><BR>-- <BR>Carlos H. N. Costa, MD, DSc.<BR>Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portella<BR>Universidade Federal do Piauí<BR>Brazil<BR>Telephone: +55 86 3221-3413<BR><BR></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV><BR><BR clear=all><BR>-- <BR>Carlos H. N. Costa, MD, DSc.<BR>Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portella<BR>Universidade Federal do Piauí<BR>Brazil<BR>Telephone: +55 86 3221-3413<BR><BR>As informações contidas nesta mensagem são CONFIDENCIAIS, protegidas pelo sigilo legal, por direitos autorais e destinadas exclusivamente à pessoa ou organização para a qual a mensagem foi destinada.<BR>Warning: This message is meant only for the intended recipient of the transmission. It is forbidden any unauthorized use, alteration, reproduction and distribution. If you are not the correct recipient, please notify us immediately by return e-mail and delete this message from your system. <BR></DIV></DIV>
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