<div>Hi Jenefer, Caryn, and all,</div>
<div> </div>
<div>I was checking the thesis of Prof. Aluísio Prata of 1957, about patients with <strong>calazar</strong> from Bahia State, in Brazil; look what he saw among 22 patients:</div>
<div> </div>
<div>"Cutaneous hyperpigmentation of two types may occur: a) spots on the face (2 cases); uniform darkening of a region, generally the knees (3 cases)."</div>
<div> </div>
<div>So, it looks like that darkening of the skin is not specific of Indian kala-azar, but rather a biological characteristic of a prolonged infection by visceralizing <em>Leishmania</em>.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Is it similar to what it has been seen in India and Nepal?</div>
<div> </div>
<div>If so, kala-azar holds as an universal synonym of visceral leishmaniasis.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Carlos.<br><br></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">2010/4/15 Jenefer M. Blackwell <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:jmb37@cam.ac.uk">jmb37@cam.ac.uk</a>></span><br>
<blockquote style="BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; PADDING-LEFT: 1ex" class="gmail_quote">Hi all<br><br>We might find a sensible answer to that one day - it could have to do with whether the parasites are influencing melanosomes - which are related to lysosomes - which is where the parasites like to live!<br>
<br>Cheers, Jennie
<div>
<div></div>
<div class="h5"><br><br>On Apr 15 2010, Christopher Peacock wrote:<br><br>
<blockquote style="BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; PADDING-LEFT: 1ex" class="gmail_quote">Interesting that the Hindi name (Kala = black azar = fever) has been taken<br>up and brazlianised so effectively, when I was in the North East of Brasil<br>
researching VL in 1992-94 don't recall anyone using the term calazar, they<br>generally called it leishmaniose. It is also odd that L chagasi doesn't<br>darken the skin in the same way L. donovani does so the entire meaning has<br>
been lost.<br><br><br><br>Cheers<br><br><br><br>Chris<br><br><br><br>From: Carlos Costa [mailto:<a href="mailto:chncosta@gmail.com" target="_blank">chncosta@gmail.com</a>] Sent: Wednesday, 7 April 2010 5:44 PM<br>To: Christopher Peacock<br>
Cc: Leish-L<br>Subject: Re: [Leish-l] name<br><br><br><br>Interestingly, kala-azar has been adopted plenty in Brazil as "calazar", since the earlier scientific papers. However, it was adopted by authors from the Northeast, which is the main endemic area, like Prata and Alencar. Today, both names are normally use, but one may feel that visceral leishmaniasis could stand as more educated and kala-azar (calazar), as more informal, although, in my view both are interchangeable.<br>
<br>Carlos.<br><br>2010/4/6 Christopher Peacock <<a href="mailto:cpeacock@cyllene.uwa.edu.au" target="_blank">cpeacock@cyllene.uwa.edu.au</a>><br><br>Kala-azar is the Indian name for visceral leishmaniasis so used extensively<br>
in the Indian sub continent, it literally means black skin in Hindi I<br>believe. Visceral leishmaniasis is the proper generic name for systemic<br>leishmaniasis caused by L. donovani, L. infantum and L. (infantum) chagasi.<br>
Leishmaniasis has a vast array of names depending on the type and<br>geographical location, there was a post on the number of names a few years<br>ago.<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>From: <a href="mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br</a><br>
[mailto:<a href="mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br</a>] On Behalf Of Carlos Costa<br>Sent: Wednesday, 24 March 2010 7:02 AM <br><br>To: Leish-L<br>Subject: [Leish-l] name<br>
<br><br><br>Visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar? Which, when, how? <br><br><br>Carlos.<br><br><br></blockquote><br>-- <br></div></div>Professor Jenefer M. Blackwell<br>Honorary Senior Scientist and Affiliated PI<br>Cambridge Institute for Medical Research<br>
Wellcome Trust/MRC Building<br>Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK<br>Email: <a href="mailto:jmb37@cam.ac.uk" target="_blank">jmb37@cam.ac.uk</a><br><br>Contact details in Australia:<br>Professor Jenefer M. Blackwell<br>
Head, Division of Genetics and Health<br>Telethon Institute for Child Health Research<br>100 Roberts Road, Subiaco Western Australia, 6008 (GPO Box 855, West Perth, WA 6872)<br>Tel +61 (08) 9489 7910<br>Fax +61 (08) 9489 7700<br>
Email <a href="mailto:jblackwell@ichr.uwa.edu.au" target="_blank">jblackwell@ichr.uwa.edu.au</a><br><br><br><br><br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Carlos H. N. Costa, MD, DSc.<br>Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portella<br>
Universidade Federal do Piauí<br>Brazil<br>Telephone: +55 86 3221-3413<br><br>As informações contidas nesta mensagem são CONFIDENCIAIS, protegidas pelo sigilo legal, por direitos autorais e destinadas exclusivamente à pessoa ou organização para a qual a mensagem foi destinada.<br>
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