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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=Section1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I heard from an Indian VL specialist in a meeting recently that <i>kala azar</i> meant <b>killing</b> disease, not “black” as we were told, and read. Could be that its fatality was the major label … Just curious if true.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Cheers,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Abraham<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br [mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Carlos Costa<br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, April 08, 2010 2:14 PM<br><b>To:</b> Christopher Peacock<br><b>Cc:</b> Leish-L<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Leish-l] name<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>Dear,<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Now, urban kala-azar is endemic in many Brazilian state capitals, and everybody, doctors and the media, calls it as <em>"calazar"</em>. However, in most Brazilian scientific papers, "visceral leishmaniasis" ("<em>leishmaniose visceral"</em>, in Portuguese) is preferred, specially when the text is written in English.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Another point is that if one says just "leishmaniose" in Brazil it will be generally understood as cutaneous leishmaniasis. To be understood as the systemic disease one must say "<em>calazar"</em> or "<em>leishmaniose visceral"</em>. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Another intriguing spelling is the use of both <strong>leishmaniasis</strong> and <strong>leishmaniosis, </strong>in English texts. Are there rules for it?<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Cheers,<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>Carlos. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>2010/4/8 Christopher Peacock <<a href="mailto:cpeacock@cyllene.uwa.edu.au">cpeacock@cyllene.uwa.edu.au</a>><o:p></o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Interesting that the Hindi name (Kala = black azar = fever) has been taken up and brazlianised so effectively, when I was in the North East of Brasil researching VL in 1992-94 don’t recall anyone using the term calazar, they generally called it leishmaniose. It is also odd that L chagasi doesn’t darken the skin in the same way L. donovani does so the entire meaning has been lost.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Cheers</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Chris</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Carlos Costa [mailto:<a href="mailto:chncosta@gmail.com" target="_blank">chncosta@gmail.com</a>] <br><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, 7 April 2010 5:44 PM<br><b>To:</b> Christopher Peacock<br><b>Cc:</b> Leish-L <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Leish-l] name<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>Interestingly, kala-azar has been adopted plenty in Brazil as "calazar", since the earlier scientific papers. However, it was adopted by authors from the Northeast, which is the main endemic area, like Prata and Alencar. Today, both names are normally use, but one may feel that visceral leishmaniasis could stand as more educated and kala-azar (calazar), as more informal, although, in my view both are interchangeable.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'>Carlos.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>2010/4/6 Christopher Peacock <<a href="mailto:cpeacock@cyllene.uwa.edu.au" target="_blank">cpeacock@cyllene.uwa.edu.au</a>><o:p></o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Kala-azar is the Indian name for visceral leishmaniasis so used extensively in the Indian sub continent, it literally means black skin in Hindi I believe. Visceral leishmaniasis is the proper generic name for systemic leishmaniasis caused by L. donovani, L. infantum and L. (infantum) chagasi. Leishmaniasis has a vast array of names depending on the type and geographical location, there was a post on the number of names a few years ago.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <a href="mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br" target="_blank">leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Carlos Costa<br><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, 24 March 2010 7:02 AM </span><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><br><b>To:</b> Leish-L<br><b>Subject:</b> [Leish-l] name</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><strong>Visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar? Which, when, how?</strong> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'>Carlos.<br clear=all><br>-- <br>Carlos H. N. Costa, MD, DSc.<br>Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portella<br>Universidade Federal do Piauí<br>Brazil<br>Telephone: +55 86 3221-3413<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><br>-- <br>This message has been scanned for viruses and <br>dangerous content by <a href="http://www.mailscanner.info/" target="_blank"><b>MailScanner</b></a>, and is <br>believed to be clean. <o:p></o:p></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=2 width="100%" align=center></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>This e-mail message has been scanned for Viruses and Content and cleared by <strong><span style='color:#400080'>MailMarshal </span></strong><o:p></o:p></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=2 width="100%" align=center></div></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><br><br clear=all><br>-- <br>Carlos H. N. Costa, MD, DSc.<br>Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portella<br>Universidade Federal do Piauí<br>Brazil<br>Telephone: +55 86 3221-3413<br><br>As informações contidas nesta mensagem são CONFIDENCIAIS, protegidas pelo sigilo legal, por direitos autorais e destinadas exclusivamente à pessoa ou organização para a qual a mensagem foi destinada.<br>Warning: This message is meant only for the intended recipient of the transmission. It is forbidden any unauthorized use, alteration, reproduction and distribution. If you are not the correct recipient, please notify us immediately by return e-mail and delete this message from your system. <o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br clear=all><br>-- <br>Carlos H. N. Costa, MD, DSc.<br>Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portella<br>Universidade Federal do Piauí<br>Brazil<br>Telephone: +55 86 3221-3413<br><br>As informações contidas nesta mensagem são CONFIDENCIAIS, protegidas pelo sigilo legal, por direitos autorais e destinadas exclusivamente à pessoa ou organização para a qual a mensagem foi destinada.<br>Warning: This message is meant only for the intended recipient of the transmission. It is forbidden any unauthorized use, alteration, reproduction and distribution. If you are not the correct recipient, please notify us immediately by return e-mail and delete this message from your system. <o:p></o:p></p></div></body></html>