<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" ><tr><td valign="top" style="font: inherit;"><DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>To: all</FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><U><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT face=Calibri><FONT size=4>The diseases don't have frontiers <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></U></I></B></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>The climatic changes, the population migration and the increase of the deforestation of the forests, among other factors are constant concerns and of risk in the transmission of diseases transmitted by <STRONG>Phlebotomus</STRONG>.<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>Here, it is discussed the situation of the <STRONG>Visceral Leishmaniasis in Argentina</STRONG>, probably an expansion of the same from <STRONG>Brazil</STRONG> and that it already arrived in <STRONG>Paraguay.</STRONG> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT face=Calibri>Another situation, more preoccupying still is happening after the end of the construction of <B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">the inter-oceanic highway</B> (Pacific Ocean </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings">à</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT face=Calibri> Atlantic Ocean), that crosses the borders of three countries of South America , <STRONG>Peru - Bolivia - Brazil</STRONG>, and that began to generate local and international problems of several type. <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>Among them, the exchange of diseases before inexistent in those countries. Some as a result of the passage of transmitter insects, as certain Phlebotomus (<STRONG><EM>Lutzomyia sp</EM></STRONG>), before impeded of arriving to the western Amazonian forest, for the presence of the Andean cordillera. <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT face=Calibri>Some of those species are responsible for the transmission of the Leishmaniasis. Other, however, can also transmit the <I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><STRONG>Bartonella bacilliformis</STRONG> </I></FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings">à</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT face=Calibri>Carrion’s Disease or Oroya Fever (<SPAN style="BACKGROUND: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow">ISOPS IV, 2002</SPAN>) responsible for two clinics different forms, an hemolytic anemia, that can be lethal, and another one
characterized by a cutaneous eruption that can be disseminated <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>Studies in process (MAP’ s initiatives) in the area begin to reveal the presence of some Phlebotomus species involved in the transmission of this disease (<SPAN style="BACKGROUND: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow">XLV <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine Meeting, 2009</SPAN>). <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>These facts are evidence that the diseases don't have borders. And they are an alert sign so that the sanitary authorities, national and international, implant and implement appropriate measures seeking to avoid the expansion of such diseases. This event is a “bomb of time.” </FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri></FONT></FONT></SPAN> </DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #0033cc; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri><o:p>
<DIV align=center><FONT face="arial black" color=#00007f><STRONG>Marco Tulio A. García-Zapata, MD, PhD <BR></STRONG></FONT><FONT color=#00007f><STRONG>Tropicologist / Full Professor / Principal Researcher<BR></STRONG></FONT><FONT face="times new roman" size=1><STRONG>Research Nucleus about (Re)Emergents Diseases Agents</STRONG></FONT></DIV>
<DIV align=center><STRONG><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=1>International and Travellers Medicine Center</FONT></STRONG></DIV>
<DIV align=center><FONT face="times new roman"><FONT face=Arial><FONT size=1>Caixa Postal 12911 - Setor Leste Vila Nova - 74643-970 - Goiania-GO, BRAZIL <BR></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT size=1><STRONG><U>Phones</U>:</STRONG> Work (+62) 3269-8219; Fax: (+62) 3269-8219; 3521-1839 <BR><STRONG><U>E-mail</U></STRONG>: <A href="mailto:mctulian@yahoo.com.br">mctulian@yahoo.com.br</A>, </FONT><A href="mailto:mctulian1@hotmail.com" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT size=1>mctulian1@hotmail.com</FONT></A><FONT size=1>; </FONT><A href="mailto:zapata@iptsp.ufg.br" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT size=1>zapata@iptsp.ufg.br</FONT></A><FONT size=1> </FONT></DIV></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>To: all</FONT></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3> </FONT></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>By the way, what is the right English writing: sand fly or sandfly? Is it a matter of England vs. US?</FONT></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3> </FONT></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 12pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>Carlos H.</FONT></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>2009/3/21 Chang, Kwang-Poo <</FONT><A href="mailto:KwangPoo.Chang@rosalindfranklin.edu"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>KwangPoo.Chang@rosalindfranklin.edu</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">To: Prof. Laila Nimri and all</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">The issue appears to be a language translation problem. I was told that all blood sucking flies are referred to as “mosquito” in Spanish.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">KP</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV></DIV>
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<HR align=center width="100%" SIZE=2>
</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"> <A href="mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br" target=_blank>leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br</A> [mailto:<A href="mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br" target=_blank>leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br</A>] <B>On Behalf Of </B>Laila Nimri<BR><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, February 26, 2009 1:53 AM<BR><B>To:</B> fred opperdoes; <A href="mailto:Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" target=_blank>Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</A><BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Just to correct a very important information about the vector of Visceral leishmaniasis, it is definitely not a mosquito, it is a sand fly of the genus </SPAN><EM><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Lutzomyia</SPAN></B></EM><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"> as mentioned correctly below or a <EM>Phlebotomus.</EM> The environmental or climatic changes that affect mosquitoes might have affected the sand flies and lead to the emergence of the disease.</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">Prof. Laila Nimri<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>
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<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"> <A href="mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br" target=_blank>leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br</A> [<A href="mailto:leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br" target=_blank>leish-l-bounces@lineu.icb.usp.br</A>] On Behalf Of fred opperdoes [<A href="mailto:fred.opperdoes@uclouvain.be" target=_blank>fred.opperdoes@uclouvain.be</A>]<BR><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, February 26, 2009 8:21 AM<BR><B>To:</B> <A href="mailto:Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br" target=_blank>Leish-l@lineu.icb.usp.br</A><BR><B>Subject:</B> [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2009 21:23:15 -0500 (EST)<BR>From: ProMED-mail <</FONT><A href="mailto:promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu" target=_blank><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>><BR>Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential<BR><BR>LEISHMANIASIS - ARGENTINA: EPIDEMIC POTENTIAL<BR>***********************************************<BR>A ProMED-mail post<BR><</FONT><A href="http://www.promedmail.org/" target=_blank><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>http://www.promedmail.org</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>><BR>ProMED-mail is a program of the<BR>International Society for Infectious Diseases<BR><</FONT><A href="http://www.isid.org/" target=_blank><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>http://www.isid.org</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New
Roman" size=3>><BR><BR>Date: Tue 24 Feb 2009<BR>Source: Datachaco.com [trans. Mod JGM, edited]<BR><</FONT><A href="http://datachaco.com/noticia.php?numero=17399" target=_blank><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>http://datachaco.com/noticia.php?numero=17399</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>><BR><BR><BR>The occurrence of cases of yellow fever made people pay attention to <BR>mosquito-borne diseases, and dengue fever, which is currently <BR>attacking with unusual strength in Paraguay, set another alarm in <BR>Chaco, Corrientes, and Misiones provinces, which share borders with <BR>Paraguay and Bolivia.<BR><BR>However, a new emerging disease has become the main epidemic threat <BR>in Argentina: Visceral leishmaniasis. This little known disease is <BR>being analyzed now as a cause for a sanitary red alert in Argentina.<BR><BR>Visceral leishmaniasis is also </FONT></SPAN><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="COLOR: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>caused by a mosquito-borne parasite</FONT></SPAN></STRONG><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">. <BR>There is no vaccine for this disease, and therapy is instituted only <BR>once a case is clearly defined. Its mortality rate is around 8 per <BR>cent, and it has a particular feature: Dogs may act as reservoirs for <BR>the parasite.<BR><BR>A summary of the life cycle of the parasite indicates that <BR>_</SPAN><EM><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Lutzomyia</SPAN></B></EM><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">_ insects</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"> </SPAN><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">infect </SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT><FONT
size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">dogs. These animals develop the disease <BR>and transmit the parasite to another insect vector, which now is <BR>capable of transmitting visceral leishmaniasis to humans. There is no <BR>human-to-human transmission.<BR><BR>Since the very 1st case was reported in 2006, 36 persons have been <BR>affected, and there are 4 deceased patients. The possibility of a <BR>rapid increase in the number of cases is a reason for concern.<BR><BR>Last week 2 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were reported in Posadas. <BR>One is an 18-year-old woman, and the other is a 21-year-old man, who <BR>separately developed the symptoms of the disease. Some personnel from <BR>the army are currently collaborating with municipal authorities in <BR>Posadas for cleaning wastelands, which are considered breeding places <BR>for insect
vectors.<BR><BR>This health problem has become quite dangerous and important in the <BR>main cities in Misiones province, and specialists warn that the <BR>disease may reach other provinces in the short term.<BR><BR>"We are observing that the vector is spreading fast, and 2 corridors <BR>have been established, one directing towards Resistencia and the <BR>other one towards Corrientes. Also, the northern area of Entre Rios, <BR>as well as Santa Fe, and Cordoba are vulnerable places. The </SPAN><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">mosquito </SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><BR><STRONG><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>vector for visceral leishmaniasis</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></B><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"> has become an urban-living insect, <BR>so
there is a substantial risk for its presence in big urban <BR>centers," explained Dr. Daniel Salomon, from the National Center for <BR>Epidemics in Argentina's Ministry of Health.<BR><BR>"It is quite difficult to implement preventive measures, because <BR>people are so in love with their pets," commented Dr. Salomon. There <BR>are very few options for controlling the spread of the disease apart <BR>from sacrificing sick animals.<BR><BR>In 2004, the 1st dog infected with the causative agent of visceral <BR>leishmaniasis was detected. When 40 cases were reported in Misiones <BR>province, the Ministry of Health issued a red alert. Nonetheless, the <BR>current situation is much worse. In Posadas, it was determined that <BR>7000 dogs actually have the parasite. Additionally, there are 300 <BR>infected dogs in Corrientes, and it is worth mentioning that in its <BR>capital city, there are thousands of
homeless dogs considered to be <BR>infected with the parasite.<BR><BR>The analysis of the experience from Brazil and Paraguay indicates <BR>that there is a probability of having one person infected for every <BR>60 infected dogs. There is a high risk for an epidemic.<BR><BR>Sanitary authorities recommend that pets must not be carried to the <BR>areas considered to be at risk. It is also advisable not to transport <BR>dogs from the affected regions to other areas in the country. The <BR>idea is to cut the transmission cycle of the parasite. Those persons <BR>who may visit the northern part of Argentina must be immunized <BR>against yellow fever as an ordinary preventive measure, and they must <BR>leave their pets at home as an additional preventive measure.<BR><BR>"Visceral leishmaniasis was present in the northern part of South <BR>America until migrating workers started moving it towards the
south. <BR>In early 2000, there were some important outbreaks in Campo Grande do <BR>Sul and in Asuncion, where the average number of persons infected is <BR>around 70 per year. In Brazil there are around 4000 cases and 200 <BR>deaths per year," pointed out Dr. Salomon, who had been doing some <BR>field work during the past few weeks in the Litoral provinces.<BR><BR>He also added: "There is a trend for an increase in visceral <BR>leishmaniasis, so the disease may spread, and it is expected to have <BR>more cases."<BR><BR>Climate changes and deforesting seem to be the main explanations for <BR>the migration of </SPAN><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">mosquito-borne diseases</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">. However, trying to justify <BR>the occurrence of emergent diseases
only because of reasons inherent <BR>to nature itself may exonerate provincial and municipal authorities <BR>for not complying with their obligations with respect to the <BR>implementation of disease control programs and cleaning empty lots.<BR><BR>Consequently, now there are many public accusations between Misiones, <BR>Corrientes, and Chaco health officers. These persons, now that there <BR>are cases of visceral leishmaniasis, immediately try to explain that <BR>transmission may have taken place outside their respective <BR>jurisdictions. The clear point is that the </SPAN><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">mosquito vector</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3> appears <BR>because of lack of public hygiene.<BR><BR>- --<BR>Communicated by:<BR>ProMED-mail <</FONT><A
href="mailto:promed@promedmail.org" target=_blank><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>promed@promedmail.org</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>><BR><BR>[Leishmaniasis has been slowly spreading in northern Argentina over <BR>the past decades (Salomon O et al. First visceral leishmaniasis focus <BR>in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:109-11<BR><</FONT><A href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18368242?ordinalpos=9&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum" target=_blank><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18368242?ordinalpos=9&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>>).<BR><BR>The ecology of the vector has been changing, and increasing <BR>urbanization has been suggested as one of the explanations
(Salomon <BR>OD <EM>et al</EM>. Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psycodidae) fauna in the Chaco <BR>region and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis transmission patterns in <BR>Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:578-84<BR><</FONT><A href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18949328?ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum" target=_blank><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18949328?ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>>).<BR> - Mod.EP]</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><BR><BR clear=all><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>-- <BR>Dr. Carlos Henrique Nery Costa.<BR>Coordenador Executivo - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia<BR>Diretor Geral - Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portella<BR>Universidade Federal do Piauí<BR>Rua Artur de Vasconcelos 151-Sul<BR>64.001-450 Teresina-PI <BR>Brasil<BR>Telefones: IDTNP:+55 86 3221-3413; <BR>Celular: +55 86 9985-6132; Fax: +55 86 3222-3248</FONT></DIV><BR></td></tr></table><br>
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