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</a>><br>Date: Thu, 18 Jan 2007 17:54:00<br>Subject: Articles found by RefScout for your requests<br><a href="mailto:jayusp@gmail.com" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)"></a><br></span>
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This is RefScout-Newsletter 3/2007</span><br><span class="e" id="q_1108235c9f9fa272_0"><span class="gmail_quote"></span>
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REQUEST: [ leishmania ]<br>
(18 articles match this request. 2 articles matching other requests removed)<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-03.xml&id=17118560" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">17118560</a>
<input name="id_17118560" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17118560" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Effect of thiocyanate on the peroxidase and pseudocatalase activities of
<b>Leishmania</b> major ascorbate peroxidase.</a><br>
AUTHORS: Subhankar Dolai, Rajesh K Yadav, Alok K Datta, Subrata Adak<br>
AFFILIATION: Division of Structural Biology and Bio-informatics, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700 032, India.<br>
REFERENCE: Biochim Biophys Acta 2007 Feb 1770(2):247-56<br>
We report here that the <b>Leishmania</b> major ascorbate peroxidase (LmAPX),
having similarity with plant ascorbate peroxidase, catalyzes the
oxidation of suboptimal concentration of ascorbate to
monodehydroascorbate (MDA) at physiological pH in the presence of added
H(2)O(2) with concurrent evolution of O(2). This pseudocatalatic
degradation of H(2)O(2) to O(2) is solely dependent on ascorbate and is
blocked by a spin trap, alpha-phenyl-n-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN),
indicating the involvement of free radical species in the reaction
process. LmAPX thus appears to catalyze ascorbate oxidation by its
peroxidase activity, first generating MDA and H(2)O with subsequent
regeneration of ascorbate by the reduction of MDA with H(2)O(2) evolving
O(2) through the intermediate formation of O(2)(-). Interestingly, both
peroxidase and ascorbate-dependent pseudocatalatic activity of LmAPX
are reversibly inhibited by SCN(-) in a concentration dependent manner.
Spectral studies indicate that ascorbate cannot reduce LmAPX compound II
to the native enzyme in presence of SCN(-). Further kinetic studies
indicate that SCN(-) itself is not oxidized by LmAPX but inhibits both
ascorbate and guaiacol oxidation, which suggests that SCN(-) blocks
initial peroxidase activity with ascorbate rather than subsequent
nonenzymatic pseudocatalatic degradation of H(2)O(2) to O(2). Binding
studies by optical difference spectroscopy indicate that SCN(-) binds
LmAPX (Kd=100+/-10 mM) near the heme edge. Thus, unlike mammalian
peroxidases, SCN(-) acts as an inhibitor for <b>Leishmania</b> peroxidase to
block ascorbate oxidation and subsequent pseudocatalase activity.<br>
<br><br>
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PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-03.xml&id=17205440" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">17205440</a>
<input name="id_17205440" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17205440" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Treatment of Bolivian mucosal leishmaniasis with miltefosine.
</a><br>
AUTHORS: J Soto, J Toledo, L Valda, M Balderrama, I Rea, R Parra, J Ardiles, P Soto, A Gomez, F Molleda, C Fuentelsaz, G Anders, H Sindermann, J Engel, J Berman<br>
AFFILIATION: Consorcio de Investigaciones Bioclinicas, Bogota, Colombia. <a href="mailto:Jaime.Soto@medplus.org.co" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Jaime.Soto@medplus.org.co</a><br>
REFERENCE: Clin Infect Dis 2007 Feb 44(3):350-6<br>
BACKGROUND: Although mucosal leishmaniasis is a prominent disease, it
has been studied only to a limited extent. It is classically treated
with parenteral antimony or, as a last resort, amphotericin B. METHODS:
We treated Bolivian mucosal leishmaniasis due to <b>Leishmania</b> braziliensis
with the oral agent miltefosine, 2.5 mg/kg/day for 28 days, and
followed-up for 12 months. RESULTS: Seventy-two patients were evaluable
. The cure rate for the 36 patients who had "mild" disease (i.
e., affecting nasal skin and nasal mucosa) was 83%. The cure rate for
the 36 patients who had more extensive disease (involving the palate,
pharynx, and larynx) was 58%. Patients refused to be randomized to
parenteral agents, but the cure rate for an almost contemporary group
who was receiving amphotericin B (45 mg/kg over 90 days) was 7 (50%) of
14. CONCLUSIONS: In this unrandomized trial, oral miltefosine was at
least as effective as heroic doses of parenteral amphotericin B. The
cure rate for miltefosine was approximately equivalent to historical
cure rates using parenteral pentavalent antimony for mild and extensive
disease in neighboring Peru. Although gastrointestinal side reactions do
occur with miltefosine, its toxicity profile is superior to that of
antimony and far superior to that of amphotericin B--in part because of
the inherent attractiveness of oral versus parenteral agents. Our
results suggest that miltefosine should be the treatment of choice for
mucosal disease in North and South America.<br>
<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-03.xml&id=17200196" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">17200196</a>
<input name="id_17200196" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17200196" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">FasL and TRAIL Induce Epidermal Apoptosis and Skin Ulceration Upon Exposure to
<b>Leishmania</b> major.</a><br>
AUTHORS: Liv Eidsmo, Caroline Fluur, Bence Rethi, Sofia Eriksson Ygberg, Nicolas Ruffin, Angelo De Milito, Hannah Akuffo, Francesca Chiodi<br>
AFFILIATION: Karolinska Institutet, MTC, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. <a href="mailto:liv.eidsmo@mtc.ki.se" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">liv.eidsmo@mtc.ki.se</a>.<br>
REFERENCE: Am J Pathol 2007 Jan 170(1):227-39<br>
Receptor-mediated apoptosis is proposed as an important regulator of
keratinocyte homeostasis in human epidermis. We have previously reported
that Fas/FasL interactions in epidermis are altered during cutaneous
leishmaniasis (CL) and that keratinocyte death through apoptosis may
play a pathogenic role for skin ulceration. To further investigate the
alterations of apoptosis during CL, a keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and
primary human epidermal keratinocytes were incubated with supernatants
from <b>Leishmania</b> major-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells. An
apoptosis-specific microarray was used to assess mRNA expression in
HaCaT cells exposed to supernatants derived from L. major-infected
cultures. Fas and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing
ligand (TRAIL) mRNA and protein expression were significantly up-
regulated, and apoptosis was detected in both HaCaT and human epidermal
keratinocyte cells. The keratinocyte apoptosis was partly inhibited
through blocking of Fas or FasL and even more efficiently through TRAIL
neutralization. Up-regulation of Fas on keratinocytes in epidermis and
the presence of FasL-expressing macrophages and T cells in dermis were
previously reported by us. In this study, keratinocytes expressing TRAIL
, as well as the proapoptotic receptor TRAIL-R2, were detected in skin
biopsies from CL cases. We propose that activation of Fas and TRAIL
apoptosis pathways, in the presence of inflammatory mediators at the
site of infection, leads to tissue destruction and ulceration during CL.<br>
<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-03.xml&id=17214851" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">17214851</a>
<input name="id_17214851" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17214851" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Analysis of the CC chemokine receptor 5 delta32 polymorphism in a Brazilian population with cutaneous leishmaniasis.
</a><br>
AUTHORS: Karen Brajão de Oliveira, Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche, Helena Kaminami Morimoto, Maria Helena Pelegrinelli Fungaro, Dirceu Estevão, Rubens Pontello, Thiago Franco Nasser, Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe<br>
AFFILIATION: Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Parana, Brazil.<br>
REFERENCE: J Cutan Pathol 2007 Jan 34(1):27-32<br>
Patients with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) show a vigorous T-cell
immune response against <b>Leishmania</b> braziliensis. Because the Th response
is associated with inflammation, the non-functional CC chemokine
receptor 5 (CCR5) may rely in a less severe inflammatory state. The aim
of this study was to investigate the CCR5 gene in a Brazilian population
with leishmaniasis compared with healthy control subjects and to
determine the progression from cutaneous to MCL in the Delta32 allele
carriers. Among 100 patients with Montenegro skin test and indirect
immunofluorescence assay (IIF) values positive for leishmaniasis, there
were 32% women and 68% men. The patients were 89% CCR5/CCR5, 10% CCR5/
Delta32, and 1% Delta32/Delta32, while healthy subjects showed a 91%
incidence of CCR5/CCR5, 8% of CCR5/Delta32, and 1% of Delta32/Delta32.
The CCR5/CCR5 patients (89%) showed a large spectrum of clinical
manifestations, where 22.47% had active mucous lesions and 77.53% had
cutaneous lesions. In this work, the Delta32 allele carriers (10%)
showed only cutaneous manifestations when compared with wild-type
individuals. Finally, with regard to the Delta32 allele carriers, a less
severe spectrum of clinical manifestations was observed in comparison
with wild-type individuals. Although a lack of mucocutaneous lesions was
evident among Delta32 allele carriers, the number of individuals
studied was small. Therefore, further investigations are needed to
elucidate the role of CCR5 in the clinical aspects of leishmaniasis.<br>
<br><br>
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PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-03.xml&id=17202589" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">17202589</a>
<input name="id_17202589" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17202589" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Functional alterations in macrophages after hypoxia selection.
</a><br>
AUTHORS: Adriana Degrossoli, Selma Giorgio<br>
AFFILIATION: Department of Parasitology, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, Cep 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. <a href="mailto:sgiorgio@unicamp.br" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
sgiorgio@unicamp.br</a>.<br>
REFERENCE: Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2007 Jan 232(1):88-95<br>
Regions of low oxygen tension are common features of inflamed and
infected tissues and provide physiologic selective pressure for the
expansion of cells with enhanced hypoxia tolerance. The aim of this
study was to investigate whether macrophages resistant to death induced
by hypoxia were accompanied by functional alterations. A mouse
macrophage cell line (J774 cells) was used to obtain subpopulations of
death-resistant macrophages induced by long-term exposure to severe
hypoxia (<1% O(2)). The results indicated that exposing J774
macrophages to periods of severe hypoxia results in the selection of
cells with phenotypes associated with the modulation of heat-shock
protein 70 kDa (HSP70) expression, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-
alpha), and nitric oxide (NO) production and reduced susceptibility to
parasite <b>Leishmania</b> infection. Thus, we suggest that hypoxia-selected
macrophages may influence the outcome of inflammation and infection. Exp
Biol Med 232:88-95, 2007.<br>
<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-03.xml&id=17202371" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">17202371</a>
<input name="id_17202371" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17202371" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Activation of the MAPK, ERK, following
<b>Leishmania</b> amazonensis Infection of Macrophages.</a><br>
AUTHORS: Ziyan Yang, David M Mosser, Xia Zhang<br>
AFFILIATION: Laboratory of Macrophage Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.<br>
REFERENCE: J Immunol 2007 Jan 178(2):1077-85<br>
IL-10 is a critical cytokine in determining host susceptibility to
<b>Leishmania</b> spp. We previously demonstrated that macrophage-derived IL-10
could contribute to disease exacerbation, but the mechanisms whereby
<b>Leishmania</b> infections led to IL-10 induction were not fully understood.
In this study, we demonstrated that infection of macrophages with
<b>Leishmania</b> amazonensis amastigotes led to the activation of the MAPK,
ERK1/2. This activation was required, but not sufficient for IL-10
induction. In addition to ERK activation, an inflammatory stimulus, such
as low m.w. hyaluronic acid from the extracellular matrix, must also be
present. The combination of these two signals resulted in the
superinduction of IL-10. We also demonstrated that IgG on the surface of
<b>Leishmania</b> amastigotes was required to achieve maximal IL-10 production
from infected macrophages. Surface IgG engages macrophage FcgammaR to
induce ERK activation. Macrophages lacking FcgammaR, or macrophages
treated with an inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase, the tyrosine kinase
that signals via FcgammaR, failed to activate ERK and consequently
failed to produce IL-10 following infection with <b>Leishmania</b> amastigotes
. We confirmed that ERK1/2 activation led to the phosphorylation of
histone H3 at the IL-10 promoter, and this phosphorylation allowed for
the binding of the transcription factor, Sp1, to the IL-10 promoter.
Finally, the administration of U0126, an inhibitor of ERK activation, to
infected mice resulted in decreased lesion progression with reduced
numbers of parasites in them. Thus, our findings reveal an important
role of MAPK, ERK signaling in the pathogenesis of <b>Leishmania</b> infection.<br>
<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-03.xml&id=17124718" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">17124718</a>
<input name="id_17124718" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17124718" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Establishing a liquid-phase IEF in combination with 2-DE for the analysis of
<b>Leishmania</b> proteins.</a><br>
AUTHORS: Reynolds K B Brobey, Lynn Soong<br>
AFFILIATION: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.<br>
REFERENCE: Proteomics 2007 Jan 7(1):116-20<br>
The recent completion of genome sequencing projects for <b>Leishmania</b> major
and near completion for two other species, L. infantum and L.
braziliensis, has provided the needed genomic information for
investigating the proteomes of <b>Leishmania</b> parasites. However, the design
of effective 2-DE-based proteome mapping for complex protozoan
parasites like <b>Leishmania</b> has proven to be severely compromised due to
extensive overcrowding of spots especially in the acidic regions,
coupled to a relatively low representation of basic proteins. In the
present study, we optimized a liquid-phase IEF in combination with 2-DE
for L. amazonensis promastigote as a way of reducing protein complexity
and enhancing representation for low-abundance proteins on gels. Of 20
pH-based fractions eluted from Rotofortrade mark cells, 5 representative
fractions selected from acidic, basic or neutral regions of the
proteome and with adequate protein concentration were further analyzed
by 2-DE using medium-range IPG strips. On this basis, we were able to
generate high-resolution 2-DE maps encompassing both the acidic and
basic ends of the proteome with enhanced spot representation.<br>
<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-03.xml&id=17089325" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">17089325</a>
<input name="id_17089325" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17089325" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Antileishmanial Activity of Quinovic Acid Glycosides and Cadambine Acid Isolated from Nauclea diderrichii.
</a><br>
AUTHORS: Carole Di Giorgio, Marow Lamidi, Florence Delmas, Guy Balansard, Evelyne Ollivier<br>
AFFILIATION: Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Hygiène et Zoologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France.<br>
REFERENCE: Planta Med 2006 Dec 72(15):1396-402<br>
Nine quinovic acid glycosides and the alkaloid cadambine acid isolated
from N. DIDERRICHII, an evergreen endemic plant of West and Central
Africa, were assessed for their IN VITRO antileishmanial activity
against <b>LEISHMANIA</b> INFANTUM. Four quinovic acid glycosides and cadambine
acid revealed a strong antileishmanial activity (IC (50) = 1 muM)
highly specific for the intracellular amastigote form of the parasite.
Quinovic acid glycosides were shown to inhibit parasite internalisation
by interfering with promastigotes while cadambine acid exerted
immunomodulatory activity by inducing NO production in human macrophages
. The association of cadambine acid with amphotericin B demonstrated an
interesting synergism, suggesting that cadambine acid could be used as a
complement of such conventional therapy.<br>
<br><br>
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PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-03.xml&id=17217101" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">17217101</a>
<input name="id_17217101" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17217101" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">[Regulatory T cells]
</a><br>
AUTHORS: Igor Marinić, Alenka Gagro, Sabina Rabatić<br>
AFFILIATION: Imunoloski zavod, Zagreb, Hrvatska.<br>
REFERENCE: Acta Med Croatica 2006 Dec 60(5):447-56<br>
Regulatory T-cells are a subset of T cells that have beene extensively
studied in modern immunology. They are important for the maintenance of
peripheral tolerance, and have an important role in various clinical
conditions such as allergy, autoimmune disorders, tumors, infections,
and in transplant medicine. Basically, this population has a suppressive
effect on the neighboring immune cells, thus contributing to the local
modulation and control of immune response. There are two main
populations of regulatory T cells - natural regulatory T cells, which
form a distinct cellular lineage, develop in thymus and perform their
modulatory action through direct intercellular contact, along with the
secreted cytokines; and inducible regulatory T cells, which develop in
the periphery after contact with the antigen that is presented on the
antigen presenting cell, and their primary mode of action is through the
interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-alpha)
cytokines. Natural regulatory T cells are activated through T cell
receptor after contact with specific antigen and inhibit proliferation
of other T cells in an antigen independent manner. One of the major
difficulties in the research of regulatory T cells is the lack of
specific molecular markers that would identify these cells. Natural
regulatory T cells constitutively express surface molecule CD25, but
many other surface and intracellular molecules (HLA-DR, CD122, CD45RO,
CD62, CTLA-4, GITR, PD-1, Notch, FOXP3, etc.) are being investigated for
further phenotypic characterization of these cells. Because regulatory
T cells have an important role in establishing peripheral tolerance,
their importance is manifested in a number of clinical conditions. In
the IPEX syndrome (immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy and
enteropathy, X-linked), which is caused by mutation in Foxp3 gene that
influences the development and function of regulatory T cells, patients
develop severe autoimmune reactions that involve autoimmune endocrine
disorders (type 1 diabetes, thyroiditis), respiratory and nutritive
allergy, eczema and severe infections. In different types of allergy (
pollen allergy, dust mite, nutritive allergens, contact hypersensitivity
, etc.) and autoimmune diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple
sclerosis and type 1 diabetes) a lower number or decreased functional
capability of regulatory T cells have been described. In inflammatory
conditions and infections, this cell population has an important task in
restricting immune response and protecting the host from excessive
damage. This ability of regulatory T cells can be used by some pathogens
(Epstein Barr virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, <b>Leishmania</b> major, etc
.) and tumor cells to avoid host response and therefore contribute to
the development of some pathological conditions. The knowledge gained on
the phenotype and function of regulatory T cells could be useful in
many medical conditions. In allergy, autoimmune diseases and in
transplant procedures in medicine it would be desirable to increase
their function, thus to partially suppress the immune system activity.
On the other hand, in some infections and tumors, it would be preferable
to decrease the activity of regulatory T cells and boost the function
of effector T cells. Regulatory T cells comprise a very active field of
immunology, therefore monitoring and modulating of their activity is of
great potential significance in a broad spectrum of clinical conditions
. By developing and standardizing methods for their monitoring, it would
be possible to follow additional parameters of certain clinical
conditions and possibly utilize them in therapy.<br>
<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-03.xml&id=17078864" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">17078864</a>
<input name="id_17078864" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17078864" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">A sporadic case of visceral leishmaniasis from Kocaeli, Turkey.
</a><br>
AUTHORS: Meliha Meriç, Ayse Aydogan, Nazan Sarper, Emin Sami Arisoy<br>
AFFILIATION: Department of Clinical Bacteriology and Infectious Diseases, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey. <a href="mailto:drmelihameric@gmail.com" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
drmelihameric@gmail.com</a><br>
REFERENCE: APMIS 2006 Nov 114(11):818-20<br>
Visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis are endemic in the western and
southeastern parts of Turkey. We report a sporadic case of visceral
leishmaniasis from Kocaeli, which is not an endemic area. The patient, a
10-month-old male infant, had since birth never been outside the city.
He was referred to our hospital with a one-month history of fever.
Antibiotics were administered but fever persisted. There were Leishman
bodies in the bone marrow aspirate, both in macrophages and in clusters
among other cells. Immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) detected no
antibodies in the mother. Liposomal amphotericin B was administered.
Visceral leishmaniasis should be considered in the differential
diagnosis of patients with persistant fever, hepatosplenomegaly and
cytopenia, even in nonendemic areas.<br>
<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-03.xml&id=17201284" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">17201284</a>
<input name="id_17201284" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17201284" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">[Phlebotomine sandflies and transmission of disease agents around the Mediterranean basin]
</a><br>
AUTHORS: A Izri, J Depaquit, P Parola<br>
AFFILIATION: L'Unité de Parasitologie de I'Hôpital Avicenne, UFR SMBH, Université Paris. <a href="mailto:arezki.izri@avc.aphp.fr" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">arezki.izri@avc.aphp.fr
</a><br>
REFERENCE: Med Trop (Mars) 2006 Oct 66(5):429-35<br>
Around 800 species of phlebotomine sandflies are widely distributed in
tropical and temperate areas. Some sand flies are documented vectors of
human disease agents including parasitic protozoa, (<b>Leishmania</b> spp),
bacteria (Bartonella bacilliformis) and viruses (phlebovirus). In
addition to presenting morphologic, taxonomic and biologic aspects of
Phlebotomine sandflies, this report focuses on ecologic, epidemiologic,
ethologic, and anthropic factors contributing to the proliferation of
sand flies as exemplified by zoonotic cutaneous and visceral
leishmaniases around the Mediterranean basin.<br>
<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-03.xml&id=17203834" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">17203834</a>
<input name="id_17203834" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17203834" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">First case of cutanous leishmaniasis in Nepalese patient.
</a><br>
AUTHORS: Basu Dev Pandey, Elizabeth Babu, Suman Thapa, Laxmi Bikram Thapa<br>
AFFILIATION: Sukra Raj Tropical and Infectious Diseases Hospital, Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal. <a href="mailto:basupandey@wlink.com.np" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">basupandey@wlink.com.np
</a><br>
REFERENCE: Nepal Med Coll J 2006 Sep 8(3):213-4<br>
Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious disease caused by <b>Leishmania</b>
donovani (LD) complex and prevalent in the temperate and tropical zones
of the earth. VL, endemic in the southern plains of the 14 districts in
the Terai region of Nepal, is considered a major public health problem.
Cutanous leishmaniasis (CL) is prevalent mainly in the tropics and
subtropics, affects nearly 1.5 million people worldwide. No reported
cases of CL have been identified in Nepal until now. We report the first
case of CL in a Nepalese patient.<br>
<br><br>
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PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-03.xml&id=17176478" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">17176478</a>
<input name="id_17176478" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17176478" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)"><b>Leishmania</b>
infantum leishmaniasis in corticosteroid--treated patients.</a><br>
AUTHORS: Silvia Pittalis, Emanuele Nicastri, Francesco Spinazzola, Piero Ghirga, Michele De Marco, Maria Grazia Paglia, Pasquale Narciso<br>
AFFILIATION: National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS L, Spallanzani Rome Italy. <a href="mailto:pittalis@inmi.it" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">pittalis@inmi.it</a> <<a href="mailto:pittalis@inmi.it" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
pittalis@inmi.it</a>><br>
REFERENCE: BMC Infect Dis 2006 6():177<br>
BACKGROUND: The number of leishmaniasis cases associated with
immunosuppression has increased regularly over the past 20 years.
Immunosuppression related to HIV infection, immunosuppressive treatment
, organ transplantation, and neoplastic diseases increases the risk for
<b>Leishmania</b>-infected people to develop visceral illness. CASE
PRESENTATION: Three cases of <b>Leishmania</b> infantum leishmaniasis in
corticosteroid (CS)-treated patients are reported: an isolated lingual
leishmaniasis in a farmer treated with CS for asthma, a severe visceral
leishmaniasis associated with cutaneous lesions in a woman with
myasthenia gravis, and a visceral involvement after cutaneous
leishmaniasis in a man receiving CS. CONCLUSION: Physicians should
recognise CS-treated patients as a population likely to be immune-
suppressed. In immunodeficiency conditions, unusual forms of
leishmaniasis can develop and foster the risk of a diagnostic delay and
of poor response to therapy.<br>
<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-03.xml&id=17183669" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">17183669</a>
<input name="id_17183669" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17183669" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Mapping the Antigenicity of the Parasites in
<b>Leishmania</b> donovani Infection by Proteome Serology.</a><br>
AUTHORS: Michael Forgber, Rajatava Basu, Kaushik Roychoudhury, Stephan Theinert, Syamal Roy, Shyam Sundar, Peter Walden<br>
AFFILIATION: Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany.<br>
REFERENCE: PLoS ONE 2006 1():e40<br>
BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis defines a cluster of protozoal diseases with
diverse clinical manifestations. The visceral form caused by <b>Leishmania</b>
donovani is the most severe. So far, no vaccines exist for visceral
leishmaniasis despite indications of naturally developing immunity, and
sensitive immunodiagnostics are still at early stages of development.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS: Establishing a proteome-serological
methodology, we mapped the antigenicity of the parasites and the
specificities of the immune responses in human leishmaniasis. Using 2-
dimensional Western blot analyses with sera and parasites isolated from
patients in India, we detected immune responses with widely divergent
specificities for up to 330 different leishmanial antigens. 68 antigens
were assigned to proteins in silver- and fluorochrome-stained gels. The
antigenicity of these proteins did not correlate with the expression
levels of the proteins. Although some antigens are shared among
different parasite isolates, there are extensive differences and no
immunodominant antigens, but indications of antigenic drift in the
parasites. Six antigens were identified by mass spectrometry.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Proteomics-based dissection of the
serospecificities of leishmaniasis patients provides a comprehensive
inventory of the complexity and interindividual heterogeneity of the
host-responses to and variations in the antigenicity of the <b>Leishmania</b>
parasites. This information can be instrumental in the development of
vaccines and new immune monitoring and diagnostic devices.<br>
<br><br>
********************************************************************************************************************<br>
The following references are revised files and are brought to you in accordance to license agreement with the NLM.<br>
********************************************************************************************************************<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-03.xml&id=15711017" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">15711017</a>
<input name="id_15711017" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15711017" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">N-terminal region of the large subunit of
<b>Leishmania</b> donovani bisubunit topoisomerase I is involved in DNA relaxation and interaction with the smaller subunit.</a><br>
AUTHORS: Benu Brata Das, Nilkantha Sen, Somdeb Bose Dasgupta, Agneyo Ganguly, Hemanta K Majumder<br>
AFFILIATION: Department of Molecular Parasitology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.<br>
REFERENCE: J Biol Chem 2005 Apr 280(16):16335-44<br>
<b>Leishmania</b> donovani topoisomerase I is an unusual bisubunit enzyme. We
have demonstrated earlier that the large and small subunit could be
reconstituted in vitro to show topoisomerase I activity. We extend our
biochemical study to evaluate the role of the large subunit in
topoisomerase activity. The large subunit (LdTOP1L) shows a substantial
degree of homology with the core DNA binding domain of the topoisomerase
IB family. Two N-terminal truncation constructs, LdTOP1Delta39L (
lacking amino acids 1-39) and LdTOP1Delta99L (lacking amino acids 1-99)
of the large subunit were generated and mixed with intact small subunit
(LdTOP1S). Our observations reveal that residues within amino acids 1-
39 of the large subunit have significant roles in modulating
topoisomerase I activity (i.e. in vitro DNA relaxation, camptothecin
sensitivity, cleavage activity, and DNA binding affinity). Interestingly
, the mutant LdTOP1Delta99LS was unable to show topoisomerase I activity
. Investigation of the loss of activity indicates that LdTOP1Delta99L
was unable to pull down glutathione S-transferase-LdTOP1S in an Ni(2+)-
nitrilotriacetic acid co-immobilization experiment. For further analysis
, we co-expressed LdTOP1L and LdTOP1S in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)pLysS
cells. The lysate shows topoisomerase I activity. Immunoprecipitation
revealed that LdTOP1L could interact with LdTOP1S, indicating the
subunit interaction in bacterial cells, whereas immunoprecipitation of
bacterial lysate co-expressing LdTOP1Delta99L and LdTOP1S reveals that
LdTOP1Delta99L was significantly deficient at interacting with LdTOP1S
to reconstitute topoisomerase I activity. This study demonstrates that
heterodimerization between the large and small subunits of the bisubunit
enzyme appears to be an absolute requirement for topoisomerase activity
. The residue within amino acids 1-39 from the N-terminal end of the
large subunit regulates DNA topology during relaxation by controlling
noncovalent DNA binding or by coordinating DNA contacts by other parts
of the enzyme.<br>
<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-03.xml&id=11349082" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">11349082</a>
<input name="id_11349082" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11349082" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis induced by recombinant antigens in murine and nonhuman primate models of the human disease.
</a><br>
AUTHORS: A Campos-Neto, R Porrozzi, K Greeson, R N Coler, J R Webb, Y A Seiky, S G Reed, G Grimaldi<br>
AFFILIATION: Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA. <a href="mailto:acampos@idri.org" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">acampos@idri.org</a><br>
REFERENCE: Infect Immun 2001 Jun 69(6):4103-8<br>
Leishmaniasis affects approximately 2 million people each year
throughout the world. This high incidence is due in part to the lack of
an efficacious vaccine. We present evidence that the recombinant
leishmanial antigens LmSTI1 and TSA, which we identified and
characterized previously, induce excellent protection in both murine and
nonhuman primate (rhesus monkey) models of human cutaneous
leishmaniasis. The remarkable protection induced by LmSTI1 and TSA in an
animal model that is evolutionarily close to humans qualifies this
antigen combination as a promising candidate subunit vaccine against
human leishmaniasis.<br>
<br><br>
REQUEST: [ sand fly NOT culicoides ]<br>
(0 articles match this request)<br><br>
REQUEST: [ sandfly NOT culicoides ]<br>
(1 article matches this request)<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2007-03.xml&id=17216941" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">17216941</a>
<input name="id_17216941" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17216941" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Infection by certain arboviruses among workers potentially at risk of infection.
</a><br>
AUTHORS: El-Esnawy, A Nagwa<br>
AFFILIATION: Water Pollution Dept., National Research Centre, Cairo-Egypt.<br>
REFERENCE: J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2001 76(3-4):169-82<br>
Egyptian workers at sewage treatment plants (STPs) work and live in
areas, which are highly infested with arthropods. Most of these diseases
cause, febrile, influenza like illness, headache, backache, abdominal
pain, and fatigue. To determine arboviral etiology in those workers, 264
serum samples were obtained from the workers in four STPs during
January and October 1999. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was
performed for immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM), for the detection of West
Nile (WN), Sindbis (SIN), Rift Valley fever (RVF), <b>Sandfly</b> Naples (SFN)
and <b>Sandfly</b> Sicilian (SFS) viruses. The results showed that (WN) has the
highest prevalence (143/264, 54.14%), followed by (SFN) (58/264, 21.97
%) then (RVF) (23/264, 7.95%), while, only one recent infection for each
of RVF, SFS and SFN (1/264, 0.38%) and 3 persons for SIN viruses. Out
of the four STPs Helwan workers' exhibited the highest infection rate
for most of the studied arboviruses WN, SFN, SIN and SFS.<br>
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