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This is RefScout-Newsletter 35/2006.<br><br>
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REQUEST: [ leishmania ]<br>
(18 articles match this request. 1 article matching other requests removed)<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2006-35.xml&id=16806528" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">16806528</a>
<input name="id_16806528" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16806528" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">The
mitochondrial FAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of
Trypanosomatidae and the glycosomal redox balance of insect stages of
Trypanosoma brucei and <b>Leishmania</b> spp.</a><br>
AUTHORS: Daniel G Guerra, Anabelle Decottignies, Barbara M Bakker, Paul A M Michels<br>
AFFILIATION: Research Unit for Tropical Diseases, Christian de Duve
Institute of Cellular Pathology and Laboratory of Biochemistry,
Université catholique de Louvain, ICP-TROP 74.39, Avenue Hippocrate
74, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.<br>
REFERENCE: Mol Biochem Parasitol 2006 Oct 149(2):155-69<br>
The genes for the mitochondrial FAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate
dehydrogenase were identified in Trypanosoma brucei and <b>Leishmania</b> major
genomes. We have expressed the L. major gene in Saccharomyces
cerevisiae and confirmed the subcellular localization and activity of
the produced enzyme. Using cultured T. brucei procyclic and <b>Leishmania</b>
mexicana promastigote cells with a permeabilized plasma membrane and
containing intact glycosomes, it was shown that dihydroxyacetone
phosphate is converted into pyruvate, and stimulates oxygen consumption
, indicating that all components of the glycerol 3-phosphate/
dihydoxyacetone phosphate shuttle between glycosomes and mitochondrion
are present in these insect stages of both organisms. A computer model
has been prepared for the energy and carbohydrate metabolism of these
cells. It was used in an elementary mode analysis to get insight into
the metabolic role of the shuttle in these insect-stage parasites. Our
analysis suggests that the shuttle fulfils important roles for these
organisms, albeit different from its well-known function in the T.
brucei bloodstream form. It allows (1) a high yield of further
metabolizable glycolytic products by decreasing the need to produce a
secreted end product of glycosomal metabolism, succinate; (2) the
consumption of glycerol and glycerol 3-phosphate derived from lipids;
and (3) to keep the redox balance of the glycosome finely tuned due to a
highly flexible and redundant system.<br>
<br><br>
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PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2006-35.xml&id=16870434" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">16870434</a>
<input name="id_16870434" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16870434" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Synthesis of 16-mercaptohexadecylphosphocholine, a miltefosine analog with leishmanicidal activity.
</a><br>
AUTHORS: ValentÃn Hornillos, José MarÃa Saugar, Beatriz G de la
Torre, David Andreu, Luis Rivas, A Ulises Acuña, Francisco Amat-Guerri<br>
AFFILIATION: Instituto de QuÃmica Orgánica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.<br>
REFERENCE: Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006 Oct 16(19):5190-3<br>
The alkylphosphocholine miltefosine (n-hexadecylphosphocholine, MT) has
been introduced recently as a very effective drug for the oral treatment
of human leishmaniasis. However, the parasiticidal mechanism of MT at a
molecular level is far from being understood. Here we report the
synthesis and biological characterization of 16-
mercaptohexadecylphosphocholine, a thiol analog of MT which was designed
to facilitate the search of MT interacting targets within the parasite
by a variety of analytical methods. This analog presents the same
leishmanicidal effect as the parent drug against <b>Leishmania</b> donovani
promastigotes and <b>Leishmania</b> pifanoi axenic amastigotes, and has been
used to develop an affinity chromatography method to attempt the
isolation of putative <b>Leishmania</b> proteins that bind to the
phosphocholine part of the molecule.<br>
<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2006-35.xml&id=16879965" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">16879965</a>
<input name="id_16879965" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16879965" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Structurally diverse 5-substituted pyrimidine nucleosides as inhibitors of
<b>Leishmania</b> donovani promastigotes in vitro.</a><br>
AUTHORS: Paul F Torrence, Xuesen Fan, Xinying Zhang, Philippe M Loiseau<br>
AFFILIATION: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5698, USA.<br>
REFERENCE: Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006 Oct 16(19):5047-51<br>
The following structurally diverse 5-substituted-2'-deoxyuridine
nucleosides displayed potent in vitro antileishmanial activity: 5-formyl
, 5-(2,2,-dicyanovinyl)-, 5-(2-cyano-2-ethoxycarbonylvinyl), 5-(2-cyano-
2-methoxycarbonylvinyl)-, 5-(2-amino-3-cyano-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H
-chromen-4-yl)- and related congeners, and the 5-(3-methyl-5-oxo-1-
phenyl-4,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazol-4-ylidene) group.<br>
<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2006-35.xml&id=16936268" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">16936268</a>
<input name="id_16936268" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16936268" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">The Schistosoma mansoni Hepatic Egg Granuloma Provides a Favorable Microenvironment for Sustained Growth of
<b>Leishmania</b> donovani.</a><br>
AUTHORS: Mohammed F Hassan, Yaobi Zhang, Christian R Engwerda, Paul M Kaye, Hannah Sharp, Quentin D Bickle<br>
AFFILIATION: Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London
School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St., London, WC1E 7HT,
UK. <a href="mailto:quentin.bickle@lshtm.ac.uk" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">quentin.bickle@lshtm.ac.uk</a>.<br>
REFERENCE: Am J Pathol 2006 Sep 169(3):943-53<br>
Parasitic co-infections are prevalent in many parts of the world.
However, relatively little is known about how an underlying infection
may impact on the host's ability to control a newly acquired parasite,
especially if both infect the same organ. We have studied this using an
experimental co-infection model in C57BL/6 mice involving Schistosoma
mansoni and <b>Leishmania</b> donovani, two important human pathogens affecting
the liver. We show that mice with established S. mansoni infections
fail to control L. donovani growth in the liver and spleen. The failure
occurs despite the development of a functional anti-L. donovani Th1
response that can mediate granuloma formation and effective clearance of
amastigotes from foci of infection in the hepatic parenchyma. Instead,
anti-leishmanial immunity fails within the S. mansoni egg granuloma,
consistent with a lack of L. donovani granuloma assembly in this tissue
microenvironment and consequent lack of NO production. Persisting
amastigote replication in the S. mansoni egg granulomas may thus explain
the increased L. donovani burden in the liver and spleen. These results
may have implications for human S. mansoni and L. donovani co-
infections and also demonstrate that granulomatous tissue responses to
helminth organisms can form a discrete niche facilitating survival of
intracellular pathogens.<br>
<br><br>
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PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2006-35.xml&id=16930261" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">16930261</a>
<input name="id_16930261" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16930261" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Species diversity causing human cutaneous leishmaniasis in Rio Branco, state of Acre, Brazil.
</a><br>
AUTHORS: Anna Christina Tojal da Silva, Elisa Cupolillo, Angela Cristina Volpini, Roque Almeida, Gustavo Adolfo Sierra Romero<br>
AFFILIATION: Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de BrasÃlia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, BrasÃlia, DF, Brazil.<br>
REFERENCE: Trop Med Int Health 2006 Sep 11(9):1388-98<br>
Information on <b>Leishmania</b> species diversity in western Brazilian Amazon
and the clinical picture of human cutaneous leishmaniasis it causes is
scarce. We describe clinical findings, diagnostic procedures and
identification of <b>Leishmania</b> species in patients from that region. The
sample consisted of 50 patients, prospectively evaluated for
epidemiological and clinical characteristics by means of a structured
questionnaire. Conventional and molecular tools were applied to confirm
the parasitological diagnosis and identify the species responsible for
the disease. Patients were predominantly male (76.5%) and living in
rural areas. Median average age was 18 years and median average disease
evolution was 8 weeks. For the diagnostic procedures of leishmanin skin
test, direct visualization of amastigotes in dermal scrapings and
parasite culture of aspirates of the ulcer border were positive for 98
%, 52% and 34%, respectively. Molecular methods applied to DNA extracted
from skin biopsies of the 50 patients yielded 100%, 82% and 44%
positivity by PCR minicircle kDNA, PCR-RFLP ITS1rDNA and PCR-glucose-6-
phosphate (G6P), respectively. Fourteen samples from 13 patients were
successfully isolated and identified. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis
, PCR-RFLP ITS1rDNA and PCR-G6P permitted identification of the
<b>Leishmania</b> species responsible for the aetiology of American tegumentary
leishmaniasis in 60% of the examined patients: 16 <b>Leishmania</b> (Viannia)
braziliensis, 12 <b>Leishmania</b> (Viannia) lainsoni, 1 <b>Leishmania</b> (Viannia)
guyanensis and 1 putative hybrid of <b>Leishmania</b> (Viannia) naiffi and L. (
V.) lainsoni. The clinical and epidemiological behaviour of cutaneous
leishmaniasis in Acre, Brazil, is similar to other Amazon scenarios
previously described; however Acre's complex parasite diversity may be
contributed to the concomitant circulation of at least three distinct
<b>Leishmania</b> species. The implementation of control interventions in the
studied area must take into consideration the possibility of various
expected phlebotomine vectors and reservoirs.<br>
<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2006-35.xml&id=16825195" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">16825195</a>
<input name="id_16825195" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16825195" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">An RNA-binding Respiratory Component Mediates Import of Type II tRNAs into
<b>Leishmania</b> Mitochondria.</a><br>
AUTHORS: Saibal Chatterjee, Pratik Home, Saikat Mukherjee, Bidesh Mahata, Srikanta Goswami, Gunjan Dhar, Samit Adhya<br>
AFFILIATION: Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Calcutta 700032, India.<br>
REFERENCE: J Biol Chem 2006 Sep 281(35):25270-7<br>
Transport of tRNAs across the inner mitochondrial membrane of the
kinetoplastid protozoon <b>Leishmania</b> requires interactions with specific
binding proteins (receptors) in a multi-subunit complex. The allosteric
model of import regulation proposes cooperative and antagonistic
interactions between two or more receptors with binding specificities
for distinct tRNA families (types I and II, respectively). To identify
the type II receptor, the gene encoding RIC8A, a subunit of the complex
, was cloned. The C-terminal region of RIC8A is homologous to subunit 6b
of ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase (respiratory complex III), while
the N-terminal region has intrinsic affinity for type II, but not for
type I, tRNAs. RIC8A is shared by the import complex and complex III,
indicating its bi-functionality, but is assembled differently in the two
complexes. Knockdown of RIC8A in <b>Leishmania</b> lowered the mitochondrial
content of type II tRNAs but raised that of type I tRNAs, with
downstream effects on mitochondrial translation and respiration, and
cell death. In RIC8A knockdown cells, a subcomplex was formed that
interacted with type I tRNA, but the negative regulation by type II tRNA
was lost. Mitochondrial extracts from these cells were defective for
type II, but not type I, import; import and regulation were restored by
purified RIC8A. These results provide evidence for the relevance of
allosteric regulation in vivo and indicate that acquisition of new tRNA-
binding domains by ancient respiratory components have played a key role
in the evolution of mitochondrial tRNA import.<br>
<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2006-35.xml&id=16931333" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">16931333</a>
<input name="id_16931333" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16931333" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">The Role of Photosensitizer Molecular Charge and Structure on the Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy against
<b>Leishmania</b> Parasites.</a><br>
AUTHORS: Oleg E Akilov, Sachiko Kosaka, Katie O'riordan, Xiangzhi Song,
Margaret Sherwood, Thomas J Flotte, James W Foley, Tayyaba Hasan<br>
AFFILIATION: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Department of Dermatology,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114.<br>
REFERENCE: Chem Biol 2006 Aug 13(8):839-47<br>
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is emerging as a potential therapeutic
modality in the clinical management of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). In
order to establish a rationale for effective PDT of CL, we investigated
the impact of the molecular charge and structure of photosensitizers on
the parasitic phototoxic response. Two photosensitizers from the
benzophenoxazine family that bear an overall cationic charge and two
anionic porphyrinoid molecules were evaluated. The photodynamic activity
of the photosensitizers decreases in the following order: EtNBSe >
EtNBS > BpD > PpIX. The studies suggest that compared to hydrophobic
anionic photosensitizers, the hydrophilic cationic benzophenoxazine
analogs provide high effectiveness of PDT possibly due to (1) their
strong attraction to the negatively charged parasitic membrane, (2)
their hydrophilicity, (3) their high singlet oxygen quantum yield, and (
4) their efficacy in targeting intracellular organelles.<br>
<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2006-35.xml&id=16856264" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">16856264</a>
<input name="id_16856264" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16856264" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Delving deep into the parasite proteome.
</a><br>
AUTHORS: Katie Cottingham<br>
REFERENCE: J Proteome Res 2006 Jul 5(7):1524<br>
<br><br>
<map name="10d5ca731b2ac2d6_boxmap-p6"><area shape="RECT" coords="1, 140, 83, 150" href="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm/privacy-policy.html?o=1" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)"><area coords="0,0,10000,10000" href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect-home/refscout-20" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">
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PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2006-35.xml&id=16922351" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">16922351</a>
<input name="id_16922351" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16922351" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">[Clinical reasoning and decision-making in practice. A young boy with fever, pancytopenia and an enlarged spleen]
</a><br>
AUTHORS: M J van Vliet, H Veeken, W Hart, R Y J Tamminga<br>
AFFILIATION: Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, Beatrix Kinderkliniek, Postbus 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen.<br>
REFERENCE: Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2006 Jul 150(30):1662-8<br>
A 5-year-old boy presented with fever and fatigue after a holiday in
northern Italy. On physical examination a marked splenomegaly was found
. Laboratory investigations showed a pancytopenia as well as several
markers suggesting an autoimmune disease. The splenomegaly and
pancytopenia continued to progress despite treatment with prednisolone
and intravenous immunoglobulins. One and a half years after presentation
, the spleen had grown to such an extent that it was causing mechanical
problems. Splenectomy was performed for diagnostic and therapeutic
purposes. Histological investigation of the spleen showed amastigotes of
<b>Leishmania</b>. PCR confirmed the diagnosis visceral leishmaniasis.
Leishmaniasis is too often considered to be a tropical disease only. In
recent years it has frequently been seen in southern European countries
around the Mediterranean Sea.<br>
<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2006-35.xml&id=16791830" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">16791830</a>
<input name="id_16791830" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16791830" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Proteomic analysis of antigens from
<b>Leishmania</b> infantum promastigotes.</a><br>
AUTHORS: MarÃa Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela, Sara Rama-Iñiguez, Francisco Bolás-Fernández<br>
AFFILIATION: Departamento de ParasitologÃa, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.<br>
REFERENCE: Proteomics 2006 Jul 6(14):4187-94<br>
Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by the species of the genus
<b>Leishmania</b>, flagellated protozoa that multiply inside mammalian
macrophages and are transmitted by the bite of the sandfly. The disease
is widespread and due to the lack of fully effective treatment and
vaccination the search for new drugs and immune targets is needed.
Proteomics seems to be a suitable strategy because the annotated
sequenced genome of L. major is available. Here, we present a high-
resolution proteome for L. infantum promastigotes comprising of around
700 spots. Western blot with rabbit hyperimmune serum raised against L.
infantum promastiogote extracts and further analysis by MALDI-TOF and
MALDI-TOF/TOF MS allowed the identification of various relevant
functional antigenic proteins. Major antigenic proteins were identified
as propionil carboxilasa, ATPase beta subunit, transketolase, proteasome
subunit, succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase, a probable tubulin
alpha chain, the full-size heat shock protein 70, and several proteins
of unknown function. In addition, one enzyme from the ergosterol
biosynthesis pathway (adrenodoxin reductase) and the structural
paraflagellar rod protein 3 (PAR3) were found among non-antigenic
proteins. This study corroborates the usefulness of proteomics in
identifying new proteins with crucial biological functions in <b>Leishmania</b>
parasites.<br>
<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2006-35.xml&id=16909340" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">16909340</a>
<input name="id_16909340" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16909340" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Mimetic Membrane System to Carry Multiple Antigenic Proteins from
<b>Leishmania</b> amazonensis.</a><br>
AUTHORS: Fabiana R Santos, Denise B Ferraz, Katia R P Daghastanli, F Juarez Ramalho-Pinto, Pietro Ciancaglini<br>
AFFILIATION: Departamento de BioquÃmica e Imunologia, Faculdade de
Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900,
Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil.<br>
REFERENCE: J Membr Biol 2006 Mar 210(3):173-81<br>
Liposomes have long been used as models for lipid membranes and for the
reconstitution of a single or multiple proteins. Also, liposomes have
adjuvant activity in vaccines against several protozoan or bacterial
organisms. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to obtain a
crude extract of detergent-solubilized proteins of <b>Leishmania</b>
amazonensis amastigotes and reconstitute them into liposomes. Neutral
and zwiterionic detergents were less efficient than an ionic detergent.
In order to obtain efficient solubilization using only sodium dodecyl
sulfate (SDS), the effects of detergent and protein concentration and
incubation time were studied. The maximum of solubilized proteins was
obtained instantaneously using a ratio of 0.5 mg/ml of protein to 0.1% (
w/v) detergent at 4 degrees C. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC),
dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine (DPPS) and cholesterol in a weight ratio
of 5:1:4 were used for protein reconstitution into liposomes using the
cosolubilization method, yielding 60% of incorporation. The
incorporation of multiple parasite proteins results in a vesicular
diameter of proteoliposomes of about 140 nm, presenting a final lipid
weight ratio for DPPC, DPPS and cholesterol of 1:1:5, with high
stability. The detergent-solubilized proteins of L. amazonensis
amastigotes present in the proteoliposome, when analyzed by SDS-
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, include a wide range of parasite-
incorporated proteins. BALB/c mice inoculated with these proteoliposomes
were able to produce antibodies against the proteins reconstituted in
DPPC:DPPS:cholesterol liposomes and were partially resistant to
infection with L. amazonensis promastigotes. These results indicate that
this system can be used as a possible vaccine against L. amazonensis.<br>
<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2006-35.xml&id=16929902" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">16929902</a>
<input name="id_16929902" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16929902" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">[Trypanosomatidae of public health importance occurring in wild and synanthropic animals of rural Venezuela]
</a><br>
AUTHORS: Héctor de Lima, José Carrero, Armando RodrÃguez, Zoraya de Guglielmo, Noris RodrÃguez<br>
AFFILIATION: Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela. <a href="mailto:delimah@cantv.net" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">delimah@cantv.net</a>
<br>
REFERENCE: Biomedica 2006 Mar 26(1):42-50<br>
INTRODUCTION: Chagas disease and leishmaniasis are important public
health problems due to their high frequency and broad distribution in
Latin America. Understanding of the roles of reservoir animals is
crucial for a global assessment of the epidemiology of these diseases.
OBJECTIVE: To identify parasites classed as Trypanosomatidae as they
occurred in sylvatic animals, and to establish rates of coinfection.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sylvatic animals were systematically captured in
the rural area of El Carrizal, Merida State, Venezuela, betweenJuly,
1998 and February, 2000. The captures were made in Tomahawk type
homemade traps, placed 15 nights per month throughout the study period.
Blood was extracted from each captured and anesthetized animal by means
of cardiac puncture. The search for trypanosomatids was undertaken by
fresh blood examination, Giemsa stained blood smears and by means of
blood-agar culture. Occasional xenodiagnoses were made to check
diagnostic accuracy. The isolates obtained in culture media were
identified by restriction fragment analysis and hybridization with
specific probes. RESULTS: Three species of sylvatic animals (n = 215)
were captured: Rattus spp. (135), Sigmodon hispidus (73) and Didelphis
marsupialis (7). From them, three species of Trypanosomatidae were
identified: <b>Leishmania</b> (Viannia) guyanensis, Trypanosoma cruzi and
Trypanosoma lewisi. Trypanosoma. cruzi was identified in D. marsupialis
(4/7), S. hispidus (1/73) and Rattus spp. (1/ 135), whereas L. (V.)
guyanensis and T. lewisi were identified only in Rattus spp., 1/135 and
12/ 135, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of these genetically
related hemoflagellates in sylvatic hosts was important for
understanding the immunological interactions that may be established in
reservoir animals, and the possible implications that this may have for
the susceptible host. Finally, the identification of L. (V.) guyanensis
in Rattus spp and T. cruzi in S. hispidus constituted the first reports
of this relationship in Venezuela.<br>
<br><br>
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PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2006-35.xml&id=16924841" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">16924841</a>
<input name="id_16924841" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16924841" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">[Antileishmanial activity of five 2- or 3- quinolines by enyne group]
</a><br>
AUTHORS: M Seck, J Desrivot, C Bories, P Loiseau, X Franck, R Hocquemiller, B Figadere, J F Peyrat, O Provot, J D Brion, M Alami<br>
AFFILIATION: Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique,
Faculté de Médecine de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-stomatologie,
Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal. <a href="mailto:matarsec@yahoo.fr" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">matarsec@yahoo.fr</a><br>
REFERENCE: Dakar Med 2006 51(1):1-4<br>
INTRODUCTION: Leishmaniasis is an emergent orphan disease because of its
co-infection with HIV AIDS. We report herein the in vitro biological
evalution of five news quinolines, 2- or 3- substituted by an enyne
group against <b>Leishmania</b> donovani (MHOM/ET/L82/LV9). PATIENTS AND
METHODS: The quinolines has been synthesized by using a cross-coupling
reaction between a chloroenyne and an organometallic coumpound in a
presence of iron a "green" catalyst. Biological evalution is
realized by a colorimetric method with the use of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol
-2,5-diphényl)-tétrazolium bromide. RESULTS: Determination of the
inhibitory concentrations as well as the minimal inhibitory
concentrations has shown that the substitution by an enyne group made it
possible to have a more important antileishmanial activity. In addition
, we have seen that the -2 or the -3 position of the enyne group had no
influence in the antileishmanial activity. CONCLUSION: Thus, we have
shown the real interest of these quinolines which could be favourably
compared with pentamidine, which is currently the reference product, and
to consider the use of these quinolines in the treament of the
leishmaniasis.<br>
<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2006-35.xml&id=16762067" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">16762067</a>
<input name="id_16762067" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16762067" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Comparison of paraffin-embedded skin biopsies from different anatomical regions as sampling methods for detection of
<b>Leishmania</b> infection in dogs using histological, immunohistochemical and PCR methods.</a><br>
AUTHORS: SÃlvio Coura Xavier, Hélida Monteiro de Andrade, SemÃramis
Jamil Hadad Monte, Ingrid Maria Chiarelli, Wanderson Geraldo Lima,
Marilene Suzan Marques Michalick, Washington Luiz Tafuri, Wagner Luiz
Tafuri<br>
AFFILIATION: Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências
Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte,
Brasil. <a href="mailto:wagner@icb.ufmg.br" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">wagner@icb.ufmg.br</a>.<br>
REFERENCE: BMC Vet Res 2006 2():17<br>
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: We compared skin biopsy samples from different
anatomical regions for detecting <b>Leishmania</b> in dogs, using histological
(HE), immunohistochemical (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
techniques. RESULTS: The sensitivity was 82.8 percent for PCR, 62.1
percent for IHC and 44.8 percent for HE. These methods do not appear to
depend on the clinical status of the animal or the anatomical source of
the skin sample; there is no "best region" for any method.
However, PCR was more effective than IHC and HE for ear and nose skin
samples whereas IHC was better than HE for nose samples. There was weak
agreement between PCR and HE for all tissue samples; good agreement
between PCR and IHC for ear and abdomen samples, and weak agreement for
nose; and optimal agreement between IHC and HE for ear and abdomen and
good agreement for nose samples. CONCLUSION: The PCR on ear skin could
be the best procedure for diagnosing canine visceral leishmaniasis. The
good agreement between PCR and IHC indicates that IHC can be used as an
alternative method. Finally, tissue samples from ears, nose and abdomen
, particularly ears and nose, are potentially useful for diagnosing
canine visceral leishmaniasis independently of the animal's clinical
status.<br>
<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2006-35.xml&id=16927925" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">16927925</a>
<input name="id_16927925" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16927925" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">[Visceral leishmaniasis-surgical aspects]
</a><br>
AUTHORS: M Oniţa, Edith Hornung, C Ciobanu, A E Sârbu, Teodora Olariu, C Oniţa, A L Stoica<br>
AFFILIATION: Clinica de Chirurgie, Spitalul Clinic Municipal Arad. <a href="mailto:Marcelonita@yahoo.com" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Marcelonita@yahoo.com</a><br>
REFERENCE: Chirurgia (Bucur) 2006 May-Jun 101(3):335-9<br>
Visceral Leishmaniasis is a multiorganic parasitic disease caused by an
intracellular protozoon named <b>Leishmania</b> Donovani; the mean signs are:
weight loss, cough, fever, hepatosplenomegaly, adenopathy and cutaneous
lesions; death without treatment is the rule. The main treatment is a
conservative one. Surgical treatment is necessary for complications,
especially for those intraabdominally. We wish to present a young female
patient who underwent two subsequent interventions due to an unclear
diagnosis. We emphasize the difficulties in achieving a certain
diagnostic, because of the rarity of disease in Romania; there are also
revealed surgical aspects, which are important because of very few
available data in the literature.<br>
<br><br>
********************************************************************************************************************<br>
The following references are revised files and are brought to you in accordance to license agreement with the NLM.<br>
********************************************************************************************************************<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2006-35.xml&id=16081295" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">16081295</a>
<input name="id_16081295" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16081295" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Synthesis and antileishmanial activities of 4,5-di-substituted acridines as compared to their 4-mono-substituted homologues.
</a><br>
AUTHORS: Di Giorgio Carole, De Méo Michel, Chiron Julien, Delmas
Florence, Nikoyan Anna, Jean Séverine, Dumenil Gérard, Timon-David
Pierre, Galy Jean-Pierre<br>
AFFILIATION: Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Hygiène et Zoologie,
Faculté de Pharmacie, 27 Bd. Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05,
France. <a href="mailto:carole.digiorgio@pharmacie.univ-mrs.fr" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">carole.digiorgio@pharmacie.univ-mrs.fr</a><br>
REFERENCE: Bioorg Med Chem 2005 Oct 13(19):5560-8<br>
Newly synthesized 4,5-di-substituted acridines were assessed for in
vitro antileishmanial activities as compared to those of their 4-mono-
substituted homologues. Mono-substituted acridines exhibited a weak
specificity for <b>Leishmania</b> parasites. Di-substituted acridines, on the
contrary, displayed interesting amastigote-specific activities through a
mechanism of action that might not involve intercalation to DNA. This
antileishmanial property, associated with a low antiproliferative
activity towards human cells, led to the identification of a new class
of promising acridine derivatives such as 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)acridine
with a nonclassical mechanism of action based on the inhibition of
<b>Leishmania</b> internalization within macrophages. In the meantime, the
effects of experimental lighting on the biological properties of
acridines were assessed: experimental lighting did not significantly
improve the antileishmanial activity of the compounds since it produced
a greater toxicity against human cells.<br>
<br><br>
PMID: <a href="http://refscout.com/cgi-bin/exportAbstract.pl?base=medline-2006-35.xml&id=8447601" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">8447601</a>
<input name="id_8447601" value="Y" type="checkbox"><br>
TITLE: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8447601" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">Hazards of bacterial contamination of blood products.
</a><br>
AUTHORS: T Gottlieb<br>
AFFILIATION: Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases,
Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia.<br>
REFERENCE: Anaesth Intensive Care 1993 Feb 21(1):20-3<br>
Post-transfusion bacterial sepsis is infrequent. It is, however,
associated with a high mortality due to septic shock. This reflects the
release of endotoxin from gram negative bacteria. Lesser transfusion
reactions are usually under-reported. These are frequently caused by
gram positive bacteria. Gram positive species such as staphylococci and
other skin surface organisms may be cultured from platelets stored at
room temperature. Typically, gram negative "psychrophyllic"
species which survive storage at 4 degrees C are cultured from stored
refrigerated blood implicated in transfusion reactions. These include
Yersinia enterocolitica, Pseudomonas fluorescens etc. Bacterial
contamination of the blood supply can occur via an endogenous or an
exogenous source. Endogenous donor bacteraemia due to Y.enterocolitica
may be asymptomatic or may follow an episode of gastroenteritis.
Exogenous infections occur through some defect in the usual collection
practice. Transfusion-acquired syphilis is now extremely uncommon. In
the third world, beside the need for effective screening for viral
pathogens, infections with protozoa, in particular plasmodia,
trypanosoma and <b>leishmania</b> remain a major obstacle to ensuring safe
blood supplies. Prevention of transfusion reactions demands rigorous
attention to details of collection, storage, reissuing and infusion of
blood products, as well as prompt treatment, testing and reporting of
suspected reactions.<br>
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