[Leish-l] Fwd: Fw: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis, visceral - Kenya: (KT)

[Leishmania News]

De: <promed at promedmail.org>
Data: quarta-feira, 24 de junho de 2020
Assunto: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis, visceral - Kenya: (KT)
Para: promed-post at promedmail.org, promed-edr-post at promedmail.org,
promed-ahead-post at promedmail.org



LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL - KENYA: (KITUI)
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>

Date: Sun 21 Jun 2020 7:38 AM EAT
Source: Kenyans [edited]
<https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/54513-kala-azar-outbreak-kills-4-kitui
<https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kenyans.co.ke%2Fnews%2F54513-kala-azar-outbreak-kills-4-kitui&data=02%7C01%7C%7C9a017076328a44b4e2ec08d81870fcab%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637286220834323841&sdata=%2BjV5fSsENomWkID7IAG8D57ce4DuoG5QnC6BGayPeqQ%3D&reserved=0>


Following an outbreak of kala-azar disease [visceral leishmaniasis] in
Kitui County, 4 people have died, with 13 others admitted at the
Garissa Referral Hospital

According to Abdullahi Abdi, the nursing officer in charge of the
Garissa referral hospital pediatric ward, the 4 died in just under 2
weeks as more patients kept flooding in from the neighbouring Kitui
County.

"This is the highest number of patients we've gotten from Kitui. We
used to admit 2 to 3 patients a month," he stated. He further revealed
that of the 13 admitted, 11 were children all below the age of 10.

[PM], whose 5-year-old daughter is currently admitted at the Garissa
health facility revealed that he was forced to rush to Garissa as no
Hospital in Kitui was equipped to handle the tropical disease, instead
referring them to neighbouring counties. "I have been to 3 hospitals.
I was first referred to Isiolo hospital from Tseikuru but we were
chased away from Isiolo at night over claims that there was an
outbreak of COVID-19 in Kitui county. I went to Mwingi sub-county
hospital but I was told they don't treat [kala-azar] and referred
again to Garissa," [PM] said.

"Back at home there are several children with the same problem but
their parents cannot afford to bring them here for treatment. There is
a looming problem in the 2 wards and I am appealing to the government
to urgently send medics there to save lives," he added.

Another Kitui resident who had rushed her loved one to Garissa after
noticing some of the disturbing symptoms, expressed her concern over
the ill-equipped health facilities in Kitui County. "I am urging the
Kitui county government to buy drugs and send health workers to the
affected wards to treat the sick before more lives are lost.

Kala-azar is the 2nd-largest parasitic killer in the world -- only
malaria is more deadly. Along with Chagas disease and sleeping
sickness, kala-azar is one of the most dangerous neglected tropical
diseases.

The parasite is spread to humans by bites from infected female sand
flies. It attacks the immune system and is almost always fatal if not
treated. There are between 200 000 and 400 000 new cases a year, about
90% of which are in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sudan, and Brazil.

The sand flies feed on animals and humans for blood, which they need
for developing their eggs. If blood containing leishmania parasites is
drawn from an animal or human, the next person to receive a bite will
then become infected and develop leishmaniasis.

Months after this initial infection the disease can progress into a
more severe form, called visceral leishmaniasis or, kala-azar. Signs
and symptoms include fever, weight loss, fatigue, anaemia, and
substantial swelling of the liver and spleen.

[Byline: Eddy Mwanza]

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed at promedmail.org>

[The previous ProMED reports of visceral leishmaniasis, VL, in Kenya
have been from Marsabit county, which is north of Garissa and Kitui
counties. Marsabit is in northern Kenya, Garissa in eastern Kenya, and
Kitui in south eastern Kenya.

A recent review of leishmaniasis in Marsabit county is found at
ref: Kanyina EW. Characterization of visceral leishmaniasis outbreak,
Marsabit County, Kenya, 2014. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20(1): 446.
doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08532-9;
<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7132962/
<https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7132962%2F&data=02%7C01%7C%7C9a017076328a44b4e2ec08d81870fcab%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637286220834333826&sdata=%2B%2BbZQL29B%2F3Fu6UW2zg2iwN8IrzqHdx9Z2gK8X7fKfg%3D&reserved=0>
>

Visceral leishmaniasis in Kenya is caused by _L. donovani_ and
transmission is believed to be mainly anthroponotic (Alvar J, Velez
ID, Bern C, et al. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its
incidence. PLoS One. 2012; 7(5):e35671.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035671; supporting information S50:
<https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0035671
<https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.plos.org%2Fplosone%2Farticle%3Fid%3D10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0035671&data=02%7C01%7C%7C9a017076328a44b4e2ec08d81870fcab%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637286220834343809&sdata=INwjI05%2F4XoGxHfCvqZ%2B3bIia6BQDBLwZB3bsLaespY%3D&reserved=0>
>).

A report on VL in Somalia from the WHO weekly epidemiology records
2017 (Control of visceral leishmaniasis in Somalia: achievements in a
challenging scenario, 2013-2015. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2017; 92(35):
566-572;
<https://www.who.int/leishmaniasis/resources/who_wer9238_b/en/
<https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fleishmaniasis%2Fresources%2Fwho_wer9238_b%2Fen%2F&data=02%7C01%7C%7C9a017076328a44b4e2ec08d81870fcab%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637286220834353794&sdata=tWHbZ7t5IQBGtAm0iRp4WDBzXUaN%2Fj2dOq5Qfnn4GR0%3D&reserved=0>>)
and a
recent study (Al-Salem W, Herricks JR, Hotez PJ. A review of visceral
leishmaniasis during the conflict in South Sudan and the consequences
for East African countries. Parasit Vectors. 2016; 9(1):460;
<
https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-016-1743-7
<https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fparasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com%2Farticles%2F10.1186%2Fs13071-016-1743-7&data=02%7C01%7C%7C9a017076328a44b4e2ec08d81870fcab%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637286220834363775&sdata=tMk9zcdAon42FkJsjV1b%2Bnj7Z3PZaNt%2F9pmEmVAnyQk%3D&reserved=0>
>),
concluded that there was a "strong relationship between civil unrest
and VL epidemics." - Mod.EP

Maps of Kenya:
<
https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/7CB45377C5B8B126852573E800658AD9-depha_REF_ken080131_a.pdf
<https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Fsites%2Freliefweb.int%2Ffiles%2Fresources%2F7CB45377C5B8B126852573E800658AD9-depha_REF_ken080131_a.pdf&data=02%7C01%7C%7C9a017076328a44b4e2ec08d81870fcab%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637286220834373752&sdata=C%2BuIeS3jvnmfUQ550JOg7NllLoEZhOuSOcgnfu%2FaQUM%3D&reserved=0>
>
and <http://healthmap.org/promed/p/30687
<https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fhealthmap.org%2Fpromed%2Fp%2F30687&data=02%7C01%7C%7C9a017076328a44b4e2ec08d81870fcab%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637286220834383746&sdata=OyQNbtxzexweQQy8gyRK7Zw%2Bl6umIVTLYHOIDLkEmMQ%3D&reserved=0>
>]

[See Also:
2019
----
Leishmaniasis, visceral - Kenya (02):
http://promedmail.org/post/20190817.6627214
<https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fpromedmail.org%2Fpost%2F20190817.6627214&data=02%7C01%7C%7C9a017076328a44b4e2ec08d81870fcab%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637286220834388722&sdata=OjOMLm19GRvobSjstA4SDBfiOTcIKnZ0p36Z%2F0wiW4k%3D&reserved=0>
Leishmaniasis, visceral - Kenya: (MB)
http://promedmail.org/post/20190410.6414948
<https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fpromedmail.org%2Fpost%2F20190410.6414948&data=02%7C01%7C%7C9a017076328a44b4e2ec08d81870fcab%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637286220834398710&sdata=ct8HllP4%2BmNunSetTPE26cU5bmjbr044hi12lYWVLes%3D&reserved=0>
2017
----
Leishmaniasis, visceral - Kenya: (MB, WJ)
http://promedmail.org/post/20170712.5169782
<https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fpromedmail.org%2Fpost%2F20170712.5169782&data=02%7C01%7C%7C9a017076328a44b4e2ec08d81870fcab%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637286220834408694&sdata=jXgkkZ42rfHS9wS8qH9n1fT6Dj%2B%2F8Ek%2BzKIqb0tgQhU%3D&reserved=0>
2016
----
Leishmaniasis, visceral - South Sudan: (UN)
http://promedmail.org/post/20160910.4479134
<https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fpromedmail.org%2Fpost%2F20160910.4479134&data=02%7C01%7C%7C9a017076328a44b4e2ec08d81870fcab%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637286220834418674&sdata=Oy2F9OYY9PnYm6ymDkIzPLSsqcYOb1OO6T98VjO5chA%3D&reserved=0>
2015
----
Leishmaniasis, visceral - South Sudan (02): corr.
http://promedmail.org/post/20151126.3820915
<https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fpromedmail.org%2Fpost%2F20151126.3820915&data=02%7C01%7C%7C9a017076328a44b4e2ec08d81870fcab%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637286220834428657&sdata=N9TyBg7SQBmVDQzfG1yHarb0A6S%2BFu1j%2BjPS5a%2BRBdc%3D&reserved=0>
Leishmaniasis, visceral - South Sudan (02)
http://promedmail.org/post/20151028.3749052
<https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fpromedmail.org%2Fpost%2F20151028.3749052&data=02%7C01%7C%7C9a017076328a44b4e2ec08d81870fcab%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637286220834438636&sdata=8WqOc9K41CwdcUHG94AXdJMSTr%2Bghpb1j3vty%2BLAD8c%3D&reserved=0>
2014
----
Leishmaniasis, visceral - South Sudan (03)
http://promedmail.org/post/20141031.2918104
<https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fpromedmail.org%2Fpost%2F20141031.2918104&data=02%7C01%7C%7C9a017076328a44b4e2ec08d81870fcab%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637286220834443626&sdata=9duw%2F3Jbzk%2FPBLCgTwaDUBgO1Q9nU7h9EFNvQnfjI8M%3D&reserved=0>
2012
----
Leishmaniasis, visceral - South Sudan (03): (JG)
http://promedmail.org/post/20121015.1343672
<https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fpromedmail.org%2Fpost%2F20121015.1343672&data=02%7C01%7C%7C9a017076328a44b4e2ec08d81870fcab%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637286220834453614&sdata=7NMW3maf%2BOBCxMChhoneoDqp%2FGIFoa%2FyzPcdgRkYAOA%3D&reserved=0>
Leishmaniasis, visceral - South Sudan (02): (UY)
http://promedmail.org/post/20120916.1295988
<https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fpromedmail.org%2Fpost%2F20120916.1295988&data=02%7C01%7C%7C9a017076328a44b4e2ec08d81870fcab%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637286220834463596&sdata=IgVzTsZpdmoqO9xJeBVpzKm84tM8Xm8fxDIH2%2BaVUWs%3D&reserved=0>
2011
----
Leishmaniasis, visceral - South Sudan (JO, UN)
http://promedmail.org/post/20111111.3346
<https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fpromedmail.org%2Fpost%2F20111111.3346&data=02%7C01%7C%7C9a017076328a44b4e2ec08d81870fcab%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637286220834473581&sdata=0GU5jkCqx1YGHqtE6lSFDRv0XQJgQDz1I%2BSmawyj19E%3D&reserved=0>
2008
----
Leishmaniasis, visceral - Kenya (03): (NE), comment
http://promedmail.org/post/20080808.2436
<https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fpromedmail.org%2Fpost%2F20080808.2436&data=02%7C01%7C%7C9a017076328a44b4e2ec08d81870fcab%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637286220834483566&sdata=fam%2FkTA98AFwN2feIO%2BURd3PdMhJj%2BDXe7M3lXTNc7E%3D&reserved=0>
Leishmaniasis, visceral - Kenya (02): (NE)
http://promedmail.org/post/20080806.2416
<https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fpromedmail.org%2Fpost%2F20080806.2416&data=02%7C01%7C%7C9a017076328a44b4e2ec08d81870fcab%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637286220834488561&sdata=HqHTNkn83XXlmlH9PGRVg96nvFqFXXXm1z5UpuLHm80%3D&reserved=0>
Leishmaniasis, visceral - Kenya: (NE)
http://promedmail.org/post/20080613.1871
<https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fpromedmail.org%2Fpost%2F20080613.1871&data=02%7C01%7C%7C9a017076328a44b4e2ec08d81870fcab%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637286220834498541&sdata=MlLTf10EQeqBiefbyNPM1oBH86%2BWsbhNZypB9MEkv6k%3D&reserved=0>
]
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