[Leish-l] Fwd: FW: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis, visceral - Israel: (HZ) feline, canine

Wed Dec 19 10:35:42 -02 2018

Date: Sat, Dec 15, 2018 at 9:59 PM
Subject: FW: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis, visceral - Israel: (HZ) feline,
canine
To: leishnews at gmail.com <leishnews at gmail.com>

------------------------------

De: <promed at promedmail.org>
Data: sábado, 15 de dezembro de 2018
Assunto: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis, visceral - Israel: (HZ) feline, canine
Para: promed-post at promedmail.org, promed-edr-post at promedmail.org,
promed-ahead-post at promedmail.org

LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL - ISRAEL: (HAZAFON) FELINE, CANINE
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A ProMED-mail post
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Date: Thu 13 Dec 2018
Source: Circular a/2018/4 of the VSAH (Veterinary Services & Animal
Health) to the veterinary clinicians, countrywide [in Hebrew, summ,
trans., edited]

A society engaged in the salvage of unowned/stray animals in the
Valleys region [northern Israel] has been keeping a large number of
cats and dogs on its premises. During an inspection visit of the
commissioner [footnote 1] on the site, serious shortcomings in the
performance of the society were encountered, the animals being kept
under harsh conditions and in poor bodily condition. This led to a
decision to transfer the animals to a "protected installation"
[footnote 2].

During further veterinary investigations [in the protected
installation], it was found that the animals suffer from extreme
emaciation, weakness, and several diseases, including ehrlichiosis,
hepatozoonosis, demodicosis, scabies, and visceral leishmaniosis (VL)
[infection by _L. infantum_]. Serological and PCR tests for _L.
infantum_ followed; it was established that about 45% of the dogs and
78% of the cats were found positive.

Such an event, including dozens of exposed and infected animals,
presenting a high [VL] infection rate within a single location is,
epidemiologically, most exceptional; in Israel, it is regarded to be
the 1st of its kind.

Following consultations with the Ministry of Health, and in view of
advice from experts stating that the adoption of such animals by
members of the public may cause a spread of the disease and become a
public health hazard, even life threatening (in particular in relation
to people with impaired immune systems and to juveniles/babies), and
despite the desire to save and rehabilitate the rescued animals, a
joint position was formed between the ministries of agriculture and
health according to which the animals should be euthanized. However,
the final decision is to be made by the court following a petition by
the Noa'h organization [footnote 3].

Additional information on VL in dogs is available at
<http://www.leishvet.org
<https://apc01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leishvet.org&data=02%7C01%7C%7C94e0acfe9b254f10818d08d662ce9321%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636805036706051678&sdata=rnwIFTmc%2F8AprWbrfuHU75A0RDffYTUbZLg1JrHv7%2B8%3D&reserved=0>
>.

[Signed]

Tamir Goshen (CVO, acting)
Michel Belaish (head, epidemiology)
Veterinary Services & Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture

--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed at promedmail.org>

[Footnotes
1. Commissioner: a veterinarian, an employee of the Veterinary
Services in an office appointed by the director for the purposes of
the Animal Welfare (Protection of Animals) Law, 5754-1994.
2. Protected installation: a place approved by the commissioner under
section 8 (c) of the (said) law.
3. Noa'h (No'ach): the Israeli Federation of Animal Protection
Societies.

For the full text of Israel's Animal Welfare (Protection of Animals)
Law, 5754-1994, see
<https://www.nevo.co.il/Law_html/law01/p200m2_002.htm
<https://apc01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nevo.co.il%2FLaw_html%2Flaw01%2Fp200m2_002.htm&data=02%7C01%7C%7C94e0acfe9b254f10818d08d662ce9321%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636805036706051678&sdata=nNOOvlaBiTPwcuMc0A0biMW2fwj6bYL9rKbfkVAdC8E%3D&reserved=0>>
(in Hebrew).

The (unpopular) decision of both ministries to euthanize the animals,
most of them VL infected, was taken while (justifiably) prioritising
public health over other considerations. However, animal welfare
arguments were not neglected.

The lamentable health condition of the (around 100, according to media
reports) cats and dogs confiscated from the Girgurim facility in the
valley of Yezreel was clearly related to the poor sanitary conditions,
as visualized in one of the earlier media reports
(<https://www.maariv.co.il/news/israel/Article-658987
<https://apc01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maariv.co.il%2Fnews%2Fisrael%2FArticle-658987&data=02%7C01%7C%7C94e0acfe9b254f10818d08d662ce9321%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636805036706051678&sdata=l6xEVvOFKVi%2F%2BxeIX%2FmOoiXHGQSTu%2FqGzUeb98iGgGU%3D&reserved=0>
>).

According to the data included in the Ministry of Health's monthly
report, the annual numbers of reported cases of VL in human patients
in Israel between 2006 and 2017 were, respectively, the following: 2,
2, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 7, 6, 7, 3, 7. It may be assumed that the situation
in the West Bank and the Gaza strip (Palestinian Authority) is
similar.

The following comment by Mod.EP was included in posting
http://promedmail.org/post/20120925.1308324
<https://apc01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fpromedmail.org%2Fpost%2F20120925.1308324&data=02%7C01%7C%7C94e0acfe9b254f10818d08d662ce9321%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636805036706051678&sdata=v0oyo%2BqqAhrPLbDQdNYGGrw%2BQYPoWXjUDwmspT2CHWk%3D&reserved=0>
(Sep 2012):
"Visceral leishmaniasis, VL, caused by _Leishmania infantum_, has
returned to Israel after being absent for 30 years, with dogs as the
main reservoir" (Refs 1, 2).

References
1. Nasereddin A et al.: Molecular fingerprinting of _Leishmania
infantum_ strains following an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in
central Israel. J Clin Microbiol. 2005; 43(12): 6054-9. doi:
10.1128/JCM.43.12.6054-6059.2005.
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1317210/
<https://apc01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1317210%2F&data=02%7C01%7C%7C94e0acfe9b254f10818d08d662ce9321%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636805036706051678&sdata=Nn0BxSDsZa%2FuzaG0xlicuIsIcODlfAi4aERzNhCUTno%3D&reserved=0>
>.
2. Hamarsheh O et al.: Serological and molecular survey of
_Leishmania_ parasites in apparently healthy dogs in the West Bank,
Palestine. Parasit Vectors. 2012; 5(1): 183. doi:
10.1186/1756-3305-5-183.
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22937916
<https://apc01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmed%2F22937916&data=02%7C01%7C%7C94e0acfe9b254f10818d08d662ce9321%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636805036706051678&sdata=EsWkr%2BkF%2FcM4A6WFWFJGSRNH5ELjN60kbGIcVdao%2B9g%3D&reserved=0>
>

- Mod.AS

HealthMap/ProMED-mail map:
Hazafon, Israel: <http://healthmap.org/promed/p/1759
<https://apc01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fhealthmap.org%2Fpromed%2Fp%2F1759&data=02%7C01%7C%7C94e0acfe9b254f10818d08d662ce9321%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636805036706051678&sdata=mFrjF3q0BpSZaT9dIVTsu90Y8KkjCMGkAMIoeIRzYUk%3D&reserved=0>
>]

[See Also:
Leishmaniasis, cutaneous, visceral - Israel (02)
http://promedmail.org/post/20120925.1308324
<https://apc01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fpromedmail.org%2Fpost%2F20120925.1308324&data=02%7C01%7C%7C94e0acfe9b254f10818d08d662ce9321%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636805036706051678&sdata=v0oyo%2BqqAhrPLbDQdNYGGrw%2BQYPoWXjUDwmspT2CHWk%3D&reserved=0>
]
.................................................arn/tw/lm
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