[Leish-l] FW: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis, human - Brazil (MG)

Fri Feb 12 16:31:41 BRST 2010

Ipanema is capital of the municpality of Ipanema, which is within the macroregion of Rio Doce river valley, and is located in eastern region of Minas Gerais close to Espirito Santo State. 

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From: ProMED-mail <promed at promed.isid.harvard.edu>

Date: 2010/2/11
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis, human - Brazil (MG)
To: promed-ahead-edr at promedmail.org

LEISHMANIASIS, HUMAN - BRAZIL (MINAS GERAIS)

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Date: 11 Feb 2010

Source: Portal Caparao [machine trans., edited]

<http://www.portalcaparao.com.br/lernoticia/5048/ipanema-adota-medidas-contra-leishmaniose>

Ipanema (Minas Gerais) adopts measures against leishmaniasis

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The number of cases of visceral leishmaniasis in humans confirmed in

Ipanema [Minas Gerais] from September to January 2010 has now increased to 6.

There were 3 cases in Pedreira, 2 immediately in the neighborhood,

and one case in Vila Vicentina. Proportionately, compared to the

number of the population, the rate is considered high, and this is an

exotic disease in the region. The reality of the disease in Ipanema

is considered an outbreak. The fact is not alarming, but requires

more care, especially from the population, to prevent the disease

from spreading.

The nurse and coordinator of the Epidemiological Surveillance of

Ipanema, Rodrigo Soares de Oliveira Fialho, explains that a number of

measures to combat the disease are being affected by the City through

the Department of Health. Health officials are spraying all the

houses. "Another measure was the training of doctors here to take the

cases of the disease." Only when the situation is serious are

patients referred for treatment in Belo Horizonte.

Another action that has been done is the canine survey. Health

workers go from house to house collecting blood from the tip of the

ears of dogs, as these animals can be carriers of leishmaniasis. Then

the tests are sent to the Ezequiel Dias Foundation (Funed), in Belo

Horizonte. When the results arrive and there is confirmation of the

disease, the animal must be sacrificed.

For the canine survey to date, 450 samples were sent on average. Of

this total, there are 304 results, with 27 confirmed cases in the

animals and one indeterminate. The goal of the survey is around 2000

animals, based on the number of anti-rabies vaccinations.

Rodrigo emphasized that in cases of diseases such as this,

responsibility also falls on the state government, which pledged to

provide funds for the construction of a kennel and for the purchase

of a van to transport the animals collected.

However, the delay by the state to build the kennel makes the

gathering and sacrifice of these animals [difficult]. Thus, "[a

kennel] was improvised for animals with confirmed leishmaniasis,

where cases are brought and killed," explained veterinarians Marcelus

Jannuzzo and Oliveira. As for stray dogs, a state law ensures that

these animals are collected and sent to be sacrificed.

Meanwhile, the municipal government and people must act together. "It

is very important that residents do their part, maintaining and

cleaning chicken yards, because feces and dried leaves are natural

shelter for the mosquito that transmits the disease," emphasizes the

coordinator of the Center for Epidemiology.

The transmission of leishmaniasis occurs through small mosquitoes

that feed on blood. They are most commonly found in humid, dark areas

with many plants. Poultry houses, locations close to the forest, and

dogs can also be havens for the parasite.

Symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis are irregular fever, anemia,

malaise, pallor of skin and mucous membranes, weight loss, and

abdominal swelling due to enlarged liver and spleen.

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Communicated by:

HealthMap Alerts via ProMED-mail

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[Leishmaniasis is endemic in tropical areas of Brazil but is

spreading. The present report shows an increase in cases in an area

previously not considered a high risk area for leishmaniasis

(Michalsky EM et al. Association of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera:

Psychodidae) population density with climate variables in Montes

Claros, an area of American visceral leishmaniasis transmission in

the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz.

2009;104:1191-3). - Mod.EP]

[see also:

2009

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Leishmaniasis, visceral - Brazil: (MT), human, canine 20090123.0290

2008

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Leishmaniasis, visceral - Brazil (03): (DF), human, canine 20081130.3766

Leishmaniasis, visceral - India: RFI 20080928.3075

Leishmaniasis, visceral - Kenya (03): (NE), comment 20080808.2436

Leishmaniasis, visceral - Kenya (02): (NE) 20080806.2416

Leishmaniasis, visceral - Kenya: (NE) 20080613.1871

Leishmaniasis, visceral - India: (Assam), susp., RFI 20080223.0736

Leishmaniasis - Iraq: (Qadisiyah) 20080219.0674

Leishmaniasis, visceral - Brazil (02): (Mato Grosso), background 20080127.0338

Leishmaniasis, visceral - Brazil: (Mato Grosso) 20080125.0314

2007

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Leishmaniasis, cutaneous - USA (TX) (02) 20070916.3079

Leishmaniasis, cutaneous - USA (TX) 20070915.3064

Leishmaniasis - Georgia 20070603.1793

Leishmaniasis - Afghanistan 20070508.1487

Leishmaniasis - Brazil (RJ) 20070508.1477

Leishmaniasis, visceral - India (Mumbai) 20070430.1400

Leishmaniasis, visceral - China (Fujian, Hubei ex Xinjiang): corr.

20070415.1259

Leishmaniasis, visceral - China (Fujian, Hubei ex Xinjiang) 20070414.1242

Leishmaniasis, visceral - China (Xinjiang) 20070310.0846

2002

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Leishmania - Pakistan ex Afghanistan 20020213.3556

1997

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Leishmania/HIV co-infections 19970222.0427]

........................................mpp/ep/msp/mpp

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