[Leish-l] Fwd: PRO> ProMED Digest V2009 #519

[fred opperdoes]

Begin forwarded message:

> Date: Sat, 7 Nov 2009 17:52:43 -0500 (EST)
> From: ProMED-mail <promed at promed.isid.harvard.edu>
> Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis, canine - Argentina: (SF)
>
> LEISHMANIASIS, CANINE - ARGENTINA: (SANTA FE)
> *********************************************
> A ProMED-mail post
> <http://www.promedmail.org>
> ProMED-mail is a program of the
> International Society for Infectious Diseases
> <http://www.isid.org>
>
> Date: Fri 6 Nov 2009
> Source: El Protagonista [in Spanish, trans. Sr.Tech.Ed.MJ, edited]
> <http://www.elprotagonistaweb.com.ar/index.php?go=v&id=3934>
>
>
> Victoria Ramirez, provincial deputy of the Santa Fe [province], is
> requesting that the Ministry of Health adopt all necessary measures to
> prevent the spread of leishmaniasis, a disease that is present in the
> departments of the north of Santa Fe province and which threatens to  
> become
> an epidemic.
>
> Her arguments are, "Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic  
> disease
> transmitted through the bite of [an infected] mosquito. The disease,
> typical of tropical countries, is present in the north of the [Santa  
> Fe]
> province. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt urgent measures to  
> prevent
> its spread, which could lead to an epidemic.
>
> "The Ministry of Health recently warned that, in addition to the  
> provinces
> of Misiones and Corrientes where the focus of infection is  
> important, the
> provinces of Chaco, Entre Rios, and Santa Fe are also vulnerable to  
> the
> disease.
>
> "Both the cutaneous and visceral forms of leishmaniasis are  
> treatable, but
> they can be fatal if not detected promptly and treated adequately.  
> [The
> disease is transmitted when a mosquito bites an infected dog, becomes
> infected, and bites a human]. Therefore, it is important to avoid the
> presence of the vector through insecticides and repellents to prevent
> mosquito bites.
>
> "In our province, cases have been detected in animals that should  
> have been
> culled, but fortunately the disease hasn't been transmitted to  
> humans. At
> the rural level, other warm blooded animals, such as horses, pigs, and
> rats, are also potential transmitters of the disease.
>
> "The veterinary colleges of the south of Santa Fe province warned that
> during the next summer season [2009], we will be exposed to the  
> risks of
> spread of this chronic disease. Therefore, it is essential to adopt
> preventive measures," concluded Ramirez.
>
> [byline: Fernando Brosutti]
>
> - --
> communicated by:
> ProMED-mail
> <promed at promedmail.org>
>
> [A total of 4 autochthonous cases of human visceral leishmaniasis  
> (VL) were
> reported in La Banda, Santiago del Estero, from June 2007 to May 2008
> (Salomon OD, et al. Lutzomyia migonei as putative vector of visceral
> leishmaniasis in La Banda, Argentina. Acta Trop 2009 Aug 28. [Epub  
> ahead of
> print]
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19716797?itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum&ordinalpos=2 
> >).
>
> Argentina reported 14 human leishmaniasis cases with visceral  
> involvement
> from 1925 to 1989. However, the risk of VL transmission changed when
> Paraguay reported an autochthonous human case during 2000 in  
> Asuncion, just
> across the border with Clorinda city, Formosa, Argentina. From 2000  
> until
> 2006, the Program of Leishmaniasis of Paraguay recorded 126 cases of  
> human
> VL (66 only in 2006), 90.1 per cent from Asuncion and the nearest
> Department of Central and also reported a high proportion of VL- 
> infected
> dogs in the same departments of the human cases (Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz
> 2008; 103: 109-11 <http://www.scielo.br/pdf/mioc/v103n1/97.pdf>).
>
> A recent study found that Clorinda is still at high risk of becoming  
> an
> intense focus of VL transmission and a source of dispersion to the  
> south
> along the highly trafficked roads; however, after 3 years the vector  
> has
> not colonized the closest villages. The VL canine prevalence is not  
> a good
> space-time indicator of parasite circulation or transmission  
> intensity in
> these early VL scenarios close to borders with active VL transmission
> (Salomon OD, et al. Visceral leishmaniasis in border areas: clustered
> distribution of phlebotomine sand flies in Clorinda, Argentina. Mem  
> Inst
> Oswaldo Cruz 2009; 104: 801-4
> (<http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S0074-02762009000500024&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en 
> >)).
>
> In the Iguazu Falls area, on the border between Brazil and Paraguay,  
> the
> incidence of human American cutaneous Llishmaniasis (ACL) has risen  
> since
> 2004. Most of the 36 cases of human ACL reported until 2005 have  
> been males
> over 15 years old (75 per cent) infected during deforestation to  
> establish
> individual farms (Salomon OD, et al. Epidemiological aspects of  
> cutaneous
> leishmaniasis in the Iguazu falls area of Argentina. Acta Trop 2009;  
> 109:
> 5-11
> <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18983809?itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum&ordinalpos=4 
> >).
> - - Mod.EP]
>
> [see also:
> Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential 20090225.0787]
>
> ....................ep/mj/ejp/sh
>
> ------------------------------

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