From jayusp at hotmail.com Fri Mar 20 20:34:30 2009 From: jayusp at hotmail.com (jeffrey shaw) Date: Fri, 20 Mar 2009 23:34:30 +0000 Subject: [Leish-l] FW: ENC: Italo Sherlock, 1936-2009 In-Reply-To: <200903202028.n2KKSEET001745@antispam.cpqam.fiocruz.br> References: <200903202028.n2KKSEET001745@antispam.cpqam.fiocruz.br> Message-ID: De: Sinval Pinto Brand?o Filho [mailto:sinval at cpqam.fiocruz.br] Enviada em: sexta-feira, 20 de mar?o de 2009 17:39 Para: pesquisadores at cpqam.fiocruz.br Assunto: Italo Sherlock, 1936-2009 Prioridade: Alta Dear Colleagues, The Brazilian scientific community, especially medical entomology and parasitology, yesterday lost one of its most illustrious research workers, Dr Italo de Araujo Sherlock. Italo was one of the country's most brilliant medical entomologists, and his papers on sand flies and triatomines, including descriptions of new species, brought him international fame and recognition. His scientific career began in his native Sobral, Cear? under the guidance of Maria and Leonidas Deane during their celebrated studies on visceral leishmaniasis in the North East. From there he moved to Bahia where he worked with the famous Instituto Oswaldo Cruz entomologist, Otavio Mangabeira Filho, who founded the Institute of Rural Endemic Diseases in Salvador, which in the 1970?s became the Bahia branch of Fiocruz, and where Italo spent the whole of his academic life. The leishmaniasis research community will deeply miss Italo's enthusiasm that influenced so many young workers, and in particular we at Fiocruz, for his example of institutional dedication. Sinval Brand?o-Filho Caros colegas, A comunidade cient?fica brasileira, em especial da Parasitologia m?dica, perdeu ontem um de seus mais ilustres pesquisadores, o Dr Italo de Araujo Sherlock. Italo foi um dos mais brilhantes entomologistas do pa?s, com in?meros trabalhos sobre triatom?neos e flebotom?neos, descrevendo v?rias esp?cies novas, tornando-o conhecido internacionalmente. Oriundo de Sobral, Cear?, onde come?ou sua carreira cientifica nos anos 50 como estagi?rio do casal Leonidas e Maria Deane no c?lebre estudo sobre a ecologia da leishmaniose visceral no Nordeste, Italo em seguida foi trabalhar na Bahia com Otavio Mangabeira Filho, famoso entomologista do IOC, que fundou o Instituto de Endemias Rurais em Salvador, instituto que deu origem nos anos 70 ? Fiocruz na Bahia, onde Italo dedicou toda sua vida acad?mica. A comunidade de pesquisadores em leishmaniose sente muito em particular sua partida, pelo entusiasmo que sempre passou aos interessados nesta importante endemia no pa?s. E n?s da Fiocruz em particular, pelo exemplo de dedica??o ? institui??o. Sinval Pinto Brand?o Filho -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lineu.icb.usp.br/pipermail/leish-l/attachments/20090320/c43be303/attachment-0001.htm From chncosta at gmail.com Mon Mar 23 17:23:00 2009 From: chncosta at gmail.com (Carlos Costa) Date: Mon, 23 Mar 2009 17:23:00 -0300 Subject: [Leish-l] subscription Message-ID: <2a57bf5c0903231323i576f1f9x53dd88c2d9e750c1@mail.gmail.com> this is email is to include my name in the mailing list. -- Dr. Carlos Henrique Nery Costa. Coordenador Executivo - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia Diretor Geral - Instituto de Doen?as Tropicais Natan Portella Universidade Federal do Piau? Rua Artur de Vasconcelos 151-Sul 64.001-450 Teresina-PI Brasil Telefones: IDTNP:+55 86 3221-3413; Celular: +55 86 9985-6132; Fax: +55 86 3222-3248 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lineu.icb.usp.br/pipermail/leish-l/attachments/20090323/74d0ab7a/attachment.htm From chncosta at gmail.com Mon Mar 23 17:26:31 2009 From: chncosta at gmail.com (Carlos Costa) Date: Mon, 23 Mar 2009 17:26:31 -0300 Subject: [Leish-l] leshvaccines Message-ID: <2a57bf5c0903231326l5ca541afoa39bdf1ba3e6408e@mail.gmail.com> Dear Dr. Shaw, Estamos preparando o documento final do Leishvaccines. Teremos que ter um website para vacinas. O que voc? sugere? Foram sugeridas pelo Nathan Peters a contribui??es para a Wikipedia. Devermos manter contato, Um abra?o, carlos. -- Dr. Carlos Henrique Nery Costa. Coordenador Executivo - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia Diretor Geral - Instituto de Doen?as Tropicais Natan Portella Universidade Federal do Piau? Rua Artur de Vasconcelos 151-Sul 64.001-450 Teresina-PI Brasil Telefones: IDTNP:+55 86 3221-3413; Celular: +55 86 9985-6132; Fax: +55 86 3222-3248 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lineu.icb.usp.br/pipermail/leish-l/attachments/20090323/f5bccf79/attachment.htm From cbrisola at mbox1.ufsc.br Mon Mar 23 20:11:13 2009 From: cbrisola at mbox1.ufsc.br (cbrisola at mbox1.ufsc.br) Date: Mon, 23 Mar 2009 20:11:13 -0300 Subject: [Leish-l] Enc: new book on diseases related to arthropods Message-ID: <20090323201113.91igxkmoowsgko44@webmail.mbox1.ufsc.br> Prezado Dr. Shaw, por favor, revise e corrija o ingl?s e divulgue pela rede de leishmaniose> Atenciosamente Carlos Brisola Marcondes Dear all, I published a new book (in Portuguese), called "Diseases transmitted and caused by arthropods", by Editora Atheneu, in Brazil. It has 35 chapters, includind arbovirus, bacteria, protozoa (leishmaniases, Chagas's disease and others), helminths, allergy, poisonous and irritating artrhopods, besides geoprocessing and influence of human activities, climate and global warming in these diseases. Forty-five collaborators of Brazil and Argentine wrote the chapters. I can be obtained from bookstores and www.atheneu.com.br. Sincerely yours prof. dr. Carlos Brisola Marcondes Depto Microbiol. Parasitol./CCB Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florian?polis (SC) Brazil cbrisola at mbox1.ufsc.br ---------------------------------------------------------------- This message was sent using IMP, the Internet Messaging Program. From KwangPoo.Chang at rosalindfranklin.edu Sat Mar 21 12:25:03 2009 From: KwangPoo.Chang at rosalindfranklin.edu (Chang, Kwang-Poo) Date: Sat, 21 Mar 2009 10:25:03 -0500 Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential In-Reply-To: References: <7CE5465F-26A8-4B43-B61F-D96CF0C2A8FF@uclouvain.be> Message-ID: To: Prof. Laila Nimri and all The issue appears to be a language translation problem. I was told that all blood sucking flies are referred to as "mosquito" in Spanish. KP ________________________________ From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br [mailto:leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] On Behalf Of Laila Nimri Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 1:53 AM To: fred opperdoes; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential Just to correct a very important information about the vector of Visceral leishmaniasis, it is definitely not a mosquito, it is a sand fly of the genus Lutzomyia as mentioned correctly below or a Phlebotomus. The environmental or climatic changes that affect mosquitoes might have affected the sand flies and lead to the emergence of the disease. Prof. Laila Nimri ________________________________ From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br [leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] On Behalf Of fred opperdoes [fred.opperdoes at uclouvain.be] Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 8:21 AM To: Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2009 21:23:15 -0500 (EST) From: ProMED-mail Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential LEISHMANIASIS - ARGENTINA: EPIDEMIC POTENTIAL *********************************************** A ProMED-mail post > ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases > Date: Tue 24 Feb 2009 Source: Datachaco.com [trans. Mod JGM, edited] The occurrence of cases of yellow fever made people pay attention to mosquito-borne diseases, and dengue fever, which is currently attacking with unusual strength in Paraguay, set another alarm in Chaco, Corrientes, and Misiones provinces, which share borders with Paraguay and Bolivia. However, a new emerging disease has become the main epidemic threat in Argentina: Visceral leishmaniasis. This little known disease is being analyzed now as a cause for a sanitary red alert in Argentina. Visceral leishmaniasis is also caused by a mosquito-borne parasite. There is no vaccine for this disease, and therapy is instituted only once a case is clearly defined. Its mortality rate is around 8 per cent, and it has a particular feature: Dogs may act as reservoirs for the parasite. A summary of the life cycle of the parasite indicates that _Lutzomyia_ insects infect dogs. These animals develop the disease and transmit the parasite to another insect vector, which now is capable of transmitting visceral leishmaniasis to humans. There is no human-to-human transmission. Since the very 1st case was reported in 2006, 36 persons have been affected, and there are 4 deceased patients. The possibility of a rapid increase in the number of cases is a reason for concern. Last week 2 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were reported in Posadas. One is an 18-year-old woman, and the other is a 21-year-old man, who separately developed the symptoms of the disease. Some personnel from the army are currently collaborating with municipal authorities in Posadas for cleaning wastelands, which are considered breeding places for insect vectors. This health problem has become quite dangerous and important in the main cities in Misiones province, and specialists warn that the disease may reach other provinces in the short term. "We are observing that the vector is spreading fast, and 2 corridors have been established, one directing towards Resistencia and the other one towards Corrientes. Also, the northern area of Entre Rios, as well as Santa Fe, and Cordoba are vulnerable places. The mosquito vector for visceral leishmaniasis has become an urban-living insect, so there is a substantial risk for its presence in big urban centers," explained Dr. Daniel Salomon, from the National Center for Epidemics in Argentina's Ministry of Health. "It is quite difficult to implement preventive measures, because people are so in love with their pets," commented Dr. Salomon. There are very few options for controlling the spread of the disease apart from sacrificing sick animals. In 2004, the 1st dog infected with the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis was detected. When 40 cases were reported in Misiones province, the Ministry of Health issued a red alert. Nonetheless, the current situation is much worse. In Posadas, it was determined that 7000 dogs actually have the parasite. Additionally, there are 300 infected dogs in Corrientes, and it is worth mentioning that in its capital city, there are thousands of homeless dogs considered to be infected with the parasite. The analysis of the experience from Brazil and Paraguay indicates that there is a probability of having one person infected for every 60 infected dogs. There is a high risk for an epidemic. Sanitary authorities recommend that pets must not be carried to the areas considered to be at risk. It is also advisable not to transport dogs from the affected regions to other areas in the country. The idea is to cut the transmission cycle of the parasite. Those persons who may visit the northern part of Argentina must be immunized against yellow fever as an ordinary preventive measure, and they must leave their pets at home as an additional preventive measure. "Visceral leishmaniasis was present in the northern part of South America until migrating workers started moving it towards the south. In early 2000, there were some important outbreaks in Campo Grande do Sul and in Asuncion, where the average number of persons infected is around 70 per year. In Brazil there are around 4000 cases and 200 deaths per year," pointed out Dr. Salomon, who had been doing some field work during the past few weeks in the Litoral provinces. He also added: "There is a trend for an increase in visceral leishmaniasis, so the disease may spread, and it is expected to have more cases." Climate changes and deforesting seem to be the main explanations for the migration of mosquito-borne diseases. However, trying to justify the occurrence of emergent diseases only because of reasons inherent to nature itself may exonerate provincial and municipal authorities for not complying with their obligations with respect to the implementation of disease control programs and cleaning empty lots. Consequently, now there are many public accusations between Misiones, Corrientes, and Chaco health officers. These persons, now that there are cases of visceral leishmaniasis, immediately try to explain that transmission may have taken place outside their respective jurisdictions. The clear point is that the mosquito vector appears because of lack of public hygiene. - -- Communicated by: ProMED-mail [Leishmaniasis has been slowly spreading in northern Argentina over the past decades (Salomon O et al. First visceral leishmaniasis focus in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:109-11 ). The ecology of the vector has been changing, and increasing urbanization has been suggested as one of the explanations (Salomon OD et al. Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psycodidae) fauna in the Chaco region and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis transmission patterns in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:578-84 ). - Mod.EP] -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lineu.icb.usp.br/pipermail/leish-l/attachments/20090321/82c64c89/attachment-0001.htm From KwangPoo.Chang at rosalindfranklin.edu Sat Mar 21 12:30:42 2009 From: KwangPoo.Chang at rosalindfranklin.edu (Chang, Kwang-Poo) Date: Sat, 21 Mar 2009 10:30:42 -0500 Subject: [Leish-l] FW: ENC: Italo Sherlock, 1936-2009 In-Reply-To: References: <200903202028.n2KKSEET001745@antispam.cpqam.fiocruz.br> Message-ID: Dr. Sherlock's passing is a great loss to us all ! Please convey my deepest sympathy for this loss to his colleagues and condolences to his family. KP Chang ________________________________ From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br [mailto:leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] On Behalf Of jeffrey shaw Sent: Friday, March 20, 2009 6:35 PM To: Leish-L Subject: [Leish-l] FW: ENC: Italo Sherlock, 1936-2009 De: Sinval Pinto Brand?o Filho [mailto:sinval at cpqam.fiocruz.br] Enviada em: sexta-feira, 20 de mar?o de 2009 17:39 Para: pesquisadores at cpqam.fiocruz.br Assunto: Italo Sherlock, 1936-2009 Prioridade: Alta Dear Colleagues, The Brazilian scientific community, especially medical entomology and parasitology, yesterday lost one of its most illustrious research workers, Dr Italo de Araujo Sherlock. Italo was one of the country's most brilliant medical entomologists, and his papers on sand flies and triatomines, including descriptions of new species, brought him international fame and recognition. His scientific career began in his native Sobral, Cear? under the guidance of Maria and Leonidas Deane during their celebrated studies on visceral leishmaniasis in the North East. From there he moved to Bahia where he worked with the famous Instituto Oswaldo Cruz entomologist, Otavio Mangabeira Filho, who founded the Institute of Rural Endemic Diseases in Salvador, which in the 1970's became the Bahia branch of Fiocruz, and where Italo spent the whole of his academic life. The leishmaniasis research community will deeply miss Italo's enthusiasm that influenced so many young workers, and in particular we at Fiocruz, for his example of institutional dedication. Sinval Brand?o-Filho Caros colegas, A comunidade cient?fica brasileira, em especial da Parasitologia m?dica, perdeu ontem um de seus mais ilustres pesquisadores, o Dr Italo de Araujo Sherlock. Italo foi um dos mais brilhantes entomologistas do pa?s, com in?meros trabalhos sobre triatom?neos e flebotom?neos, descrevendo v?rias esp?cies novas, tornando-o conhecido internacionalmente. Oriundo de Sobral, Cear?, onde come?ou sua carreira cientifica nos anos 50 como estagi?rio do casal Leonidas e Maria Deane no c?lebre estudo sobre a ecologia da leishmaniose visceral no Nordeste, Italo em seguida foi trabalhar na Bahia com Otavio Mangabeira Filho, famoso entomologista do IOC, que fundou o Instituto de Endemias Rurais em Salvador, instituto que deu origem nos anos 70 ? Fiocruz na Bahia, onde Italo dedicou toda sua vida acad?mica. A comunidade de pesquisadores em leishmaniose sente muito em particular sua partida, pelo entusiasmo que sempre passou aos interessados nesta importante endemia no pa?s. E n?s da Fiocruz em particular, pelo exemplo de dedica??o ? institui??o. Sinval Pinto Brand?o Filho -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lineu.icb.usp.br/pipermail/leish-l/attachments/20090321/0cbcd795/attachment-0001.htm From jayusp at hotmail.com Mon Mar 23 16:24:22 2009 From: jayusp at hotmail.com (jeffrey shaw) Date: Mon, 23 Mar 2009 19:24:22 +0000 Subject: [Leish-l] FW: FW: ENC: Italo Sherlock, 1936-2009 In-Reply-To: <3FFA390A8B8F68438305C0E621F3EB1401AD8BD9@MS01.ihmt.unl.pt> References: <3FFA390A8B8F68438305C0E621F3EB1401AD8BD9@MS01.ihmt.unl.pt> Message-ID: Subject: RE: [Leish-l] FW: ENC: Italo Sherlock, 1936-2009 Date: Mon, 23 Mar 2009 11:43:29 +0000 From: AlvesPires at ihmt.unl.pt To: jayusp at hotmail.com CC: AlvesPires at ihmt.unl.pt Mensagem Caros Colegas Lamento profundamento a desaparecimento de mais um entomologista m?dico, competente, din?mico e simp?tico como era o Italo Sherlock, que tive o prazer de conhecer durante o ISOPS IV, na Bahia, em 2002. Apresento, com o maior pezar a toda a fam?lia, as minhas sinceras condol?ncias. Um abra?o fraterno do Carlos Pires __________________ Carlos Alves-Pires, PhD Investigador Principal Unidade de Parasitologia e Microbiologia M?dicas (UPMM) Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical Rua da Junqueira, 96 1349-008 LISBOA ? PORTUGAL alvespires at ihmt.unl.pt Poupe papel. Antes de imprimir este e-mail pense bem se tem mesmo que o fazer. Lembre-se que h? cada vez menos ?rvores. -----Mensagem original----- De: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br [mailto:leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] Em nome de jeffrey shaw Enviada: sexta-feira, 20 de Mar?o de 2009 23:35 Para: Leish-L Assunto: [Leish-l] FW: ENC: Italo Sherlock, 1936-2009 De: Sinval Pinto Brand?o Filho [mailto:sinval at cpqam.fiocruz.br] Enviada em: sexta-feira, 20 de mar?o de 2009 17:39 Para: pesquisadores at cpqam.fiocruz.br Assunto: Italo Sherlock, 1936-2009 Prioridade: Alta Dear Colleagues, The Brazilian scientific community, especially medical entomology and parasitology, yesterday lost one of its most illustrious research workers, Dr Italo de Araujo Sherlock. Italo was one of the country's most brilliant medical entomologists, and his papers on sand flies and triatomines, including descriptions of new species, brought him international fame and recognition. His scientific career began in his native Sobral, Cear? under the guidance of Maria and Leonidas Deane during their celebrated studies on visceral leishmaniasis in the North East. From there he moved to Bahia where he worked with the famous Instituto Oswaldo Cruz entomologist, Otavio Mangabeira Filho, who founded the Institute of Rural Endemic Diseases in Salvador, which in the 1970?s became the Bahia branch of Fiocruz, and where Italo spent the whole of his academic life. The leishmaniasis research community will deeply miss Italo's enthusiasm that influenced so many young workers, and in particular we at Fiocruz, for his example of institutional dedication. Sinval Brand?o-Filho Caros colegas, A comunidade cient?fica brasileira, em especial da Parasitologia m?dica, perdeu ontem um de seus mais ilustres pesquisadores, o Dr Italo de Araujo Sherlock. Italo foi um dos mais brilhantes entomologistas do pa?s, com in?meros trabalhos sobre triatom?neos e flebotom?neos, descrevendo v?rias esp?cies novas, tornando-o conhecido internacionalmente. Oriundo de Sobral, Cear?, onde come?ou sua carreira cientifica nos anos 50 como estagi?rio do casal Leonidas e Maria Deane no c?lebre estudo sobre a ecologia da leishmaniose visceral no Nordeste, Italo em seguida foi trabalhar na Bahia com Otavio Mangabeira Filho, famoso entomologista do IOC, que fundou o Instituto de Endemias Rurais em Salvador, instituto que deu origem nos anos 70 ? Fiocruz na Bahia, onde Italo dedicou toda sua vida acad?mica. A comunidade de pesquisadores em leishmaniose sente muito em particular sua partida, pelo entusiasmo que sempre passou aos interessados nesta importante endemia no pa?s. E n?s da Fiocruz em particular, pelo exemplo de dedica??o ? institui??o. Sinval Pinto Brand?o Filho -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lineu.icb.usp.br/pipermail/leish-l/attachments/20090323/647569cf/attachment-0001.htm From jayusp at hotmail.com Mon Mar 23 16:24:57 2009 From: jayusp at hotmail.com (jeffrey shaw) Date: Mon, 23 Mar 2009 19:24:57 +0000 Subject: [Leish-l] FW: FW: ENC: Italo Sherlock, 1936-2009 In-Reply-To: <3FFA390A8B8F68438305C0E621F3EB1489945B@MS01.ihmt.unl.pt> References: <3FFA390A8B8F68438305C0E621F3EB1489945B@MS01.ihmt.unl.pt> Message-ID: Subject: RE: [Leish-l] FW: ENC: Italo Sherlock, 1936-2009 Date: Mon, 23 Mar 2009 10:54:31 +0000 From: OdeteAfonso at ihmt.unl.pt To: jayusp at hotmail.com CC: OdeteAfonso at ihmt.unl.pt Mensagem Caros Colegas Foi com muita tristeza que recebi a vossa mensagem. Tive o previl?gio de conhecer o Douror I. Sherlock no ISOPS IV, Ba?a, e ? com muita emo??o que apresento, a todos os seus Familiares, Amigos e Colegas, as minhas condol?ncias neste momento t?o penoso para a Fam?lia e para a Ci?ncia. Um forte abra?o, Maria Odete Afonso Unidade de Entomologia M?dica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Portugal -----Mensagem original----- De: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br [mailto:leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] Em nome de jeffrey shaw Enviada: sexta-feira, 20 de Mar?o de 2009 23:35 Para: Leish-L Assunto: [Leish-l] FW: ENC: Italo Sherlock, 1936-2009 De: Sinval Pinto Brand?o Filho [mailto:sinval at cpqam.fiocruz.br] Enviada em: sexta-feira, 20 de mar?o de 2009 17:39 Para: pesquisadores at cpqam.fiocruz.br Assunto: Italo Sherlock, 1936-2009 Prioridade: Alta Dear Colleagues, The Brazilian scientific community, especially medical entomology and parasitology, yesterday lost one of its most illustrious research workers, Dr Italo de Araujo Sherlock. Italo was one of the country's most brilliant medical entomologists, and his papers on sand flies and triatomines, including descriptions of new species, brought him international fame and recognition. His scientific career began in his native Sobral, Cear? under the guidance of Maria and Leonidas Deane during their celebrated studies on visceral leishmaniasis in the North East. From there he moved to Bahia where he worked with the famous Instituto Oswaldo Cruz entomologist, Otavio Mangabeira Filho, who founded the Institute of Rural Endemic Diseases in Salvador, which in the 1970?s became the Bahia branch of Fiocruz, and where Italo spent the whole of his academic life. The leishmaniasis research community will deeply miss Italo's enthusiasm that influenced so many young workers, and in particular we at Fiocruz, for his example of institutional dedication. Sinval Brand?o-Filho Caros colegas, A comunidade cient?fica brasileira, em especial da Parasitologia m?dica, perdeu ontem um de seus mais ilustres pesquisadores, o Dr Italo de Araujo Sherlock. Italo foi um dos mais brilhantes entomologistas do pa?s, com in?meros trabalhos sobre triatom?neos e flebotom?neos, descrevendo v?rias esp?cies novas, tornando-o conhecido internacionalmente. Oriundo de Sobral, Cear?, onde come?ou sua carreira cientifica nos anos 50 como estagi?rio do casal Leonidas e Maria Deane no c?lebre estudo sobre a ecologia da leishmaniose visceral no Nordeste, Italo em seguida foi trabalhar na Bahia com Otavio Mangabeira Filho, famoso entomologista do IOC, que fundou o Instituto de Endemias Rurais em Salvador, instituto que deu origem nos anos 70 ? Fiocruz na Bahia, onde Italo dedicou toda sua vida acad?mica. A comunidade de pesquisadores em leishmaniose sente muito em particular sua partida, pelo entusiasmo que sempre passou aos interessados nesta importante endemia no pa?s. E n?s da Fiocruz em particular, pelo exemplo de dedica??o ? institui??o. Sinval Pinto Brand?o Filho -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lineu.icb.usp.br/pipermail/leish-l/attachments/20090323/c80bed07/attachment.htm From jayusp at hotmail.com Tue Mar 24 14:42:10 2009 From: jayusp at hotmail.com (jeffrey shaw) Date: Tue, 24 Mar 2009 17:42:10 +0000 Subject: [Leish-l] FW: RES: Italo Sherlock, 1936-2009 In-Reply-To: <200903241243.n2OChdtS016018@antispam.cpqam.fiocruz.br> References: <200903241243.n2OChdtS016018@antispam.cpqam.fiocruz.br> Message-ID: From: sinval at cpqam.fiocruz.br Itals?s family are receiving condolences messages in the e-mail sherlock at svn.com.br . Best regards, Sinval -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lineu.icb.usp.br/pipermail/leish-l/attachments/20090324/c6ac848b/attachment.htm From chncosta at gmail.com Tue Mar 24 16:46:21 2009 From: chncosta at gmail.com (Carlos Costa) Date: Tue, 24 Mar 2009 16:46:21 -0300 Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential In-Reply-To: References: <7CE5465F-26A8-4B43-B61F-D96CF0C2A8FF@uclouvain.be> Message-ID: <2a57bf5c0903241246ob3b0334m98ca8a2fa50a23@mail.gmail.com> To: all By the way, what is the right English writing: sand fly or sandfly? Is it a matter of England vs. US? Carlos H. 2009/3/21 Chang, Kwang-Poo > To: Prof. Laila Nimri and all > > > > The issue appears to be a language translation problem. I was told that all > blood sucking flies are referred to as ?mosquito? in Spanish. > > > > KP > > > ------------------------------ > > *From:* leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br [mailto: > leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] *On Behalf Of *Laila Nimri > *Sent:* Thursday, February 26, 2009 1:53 AM > *To:* fred opperdoes; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > *Subject:* Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > > > Just to correct a very important information about the vector of Visceral > leishmaniasis, it is definitely not a mosquito, it is a sand fly of the > genus *Lutzomyia* as mentioned correctly below or a *Phlebotomus.* The > environmental or climatic changes that affect mosquitoes might have affected > the sand flies and lead to the emergence of the disease. > > > > Prof. Laila Nimri > ------------------------------ > > *From:* leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br [leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] > On Behalf Of fred opperdoes [fred.opperdoes at uclouvain.be] > *Sent:* Thursday, February 26, 2009 8:21 AM > *To:* Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > *Subject:* [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2009 21:23:15 -0500 (EST) > From: ProMED-mail > Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > LEISHMANIASIS - ARGENTINA: EPIDEMIC POTENTIAL > *********************************************** > A ProMED-mail post > > ProMED-mail is a program of the > International Society for Infectious Diseases > > > Date: Tue 24 Feb 2009 > Source: Datachaco.com [trans. Mod JGM, edited] > > > > The occurrence of cases of yellow fever made people pay attention to > mosquito-borne diseases, and dengue fever, which is currently > attacking with unusual strength in Paraguay, set another alarm in > Chaco, Corrientes, and Misiones provinces, which share borders with > Paraguay and Bolivia. > > However, a new emerging disease has become the main epidemic threat > in Argentina: Visceral leishmaniasis. This little known disease is > being analyzed now as a cause for a sanitary red alert in Argentina. > > Visceral leishmaniasis is also *caused by a mosquito-borne parasite*. > There is no vaccine for this disease, and therapy is instituted only > once a case is clearly defined. Its mortality rate is around 8 per > cent, and it has a particular feature: Dogs may act as reservoirs for > the parasite. > > A summary of the life cycle of the parasite indicates that > _*Lutzomyia**_ insects* *infect *dogs. These animals develop the disease > and transmit the parasite to another insect vector, which now is > capable of transmitting visceral leishmaniasis to humans. There is no > human-to-human transmission. > > Since the very 1st case was reported in 2006, 36 persons have been > affected, and there are 4 deceased patients. The possibility of a > rapid increase in the number of cases is a reason for concern. > > Last week 2 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were reported in Posadas. > One is an 18-year-old woman, and the other is a 21-year-old man, who > separately developed the symptoms of the disease. Some personnel from > the army are currently collaborating with municipal authorities in > Posadas for cleaning wastelands, which are considered breeding places > for insect vectors. > > This health problem has become quite dangerous and important in the > main cities in Misiones province, and specialists warn that the > disease may reach other provinces in the short term. > > "We are observing that the vector is spreading fast, and 2 corridors > have been established, one directing towards Resistencia and the > other one towards Corrientes. Also, the northern area of Entre Rios, > as well as Santa Fe, and Cordoba are vulnerable places. The *mosquito ** > vector for visceral leishmaniasis* has become an urban-living insect, > so there is a substantial risk for its presence in big urban > centers," explained Dr. Daniel Salomon, from the National Center for > Epidemics in Argentina's Ministry of Health. > > "It is quite difficult to implement preventive measures, because > people are so in love with their pets," commented Dr. Salomon. There > are very few options for controlling the spread of the disease apart > from sacrificing sick animals. > > In 2004, the 1st dog infected with the causative agent of visceral > leishmaniasis was detected. When 40 cases were reported in Misiones > province, the Ministry of Health issued a red alert. Nonetheless, the > current situation is much worse. In Posadas, it was determined that > 7000 dogs actually have the parasite. Additionally, there are 300 > infected dogs in Corrientes, and it is worth mentioning that in its > capital city, there are thousands of homeless dogs considered to be > infected with the parasite. > > The analysis of the experience from Brazil and Paraguay indicates > that there is a probability of having one person infected for every > 60 infected dogs. There is a high risk for an epidemic. > > Sanitary authorities recommend that pets must not be carried to the > areas considered to be at risk. It is also advisable not to transport > dogs from the affected regions to other areas in the country. The > idea is to cut the transmission cycle of the parasite. Those persons > who may visit the northern part of Argentina must be immunized > against yellow fever as an ordinary preventive measure, and they must > leave their pets at home as an additional preventive measure. > > "Visceral leishmaniasis was present in the northern part of South > America until migrating workers started moving it towards the south. > In early 2000, there were some important outbreaks in Campo Grande do > Sul and in Asuncion, where the average number of persons infected is > around 70 per year. In Brazil there are around 4000 cases and 200 > deaths per year," pointed out Dr. Salomon, who had been doing some > field work during the past few weeks in the Litoral provinces. > > He also added: "There is a trend for an increase in visceral > leishmaniasis, so the disease may spread, and it is expected to have > more cases." > > Climate changes and deforesting seem to be the main explanations for > the migration of *mosquito-borne diseases*. However, trying to justify > the occurrence of emergent diseases only because of reasons inherent > to nature itself may exonerate provincial and municipal authorities > for not complying with their obligations with respect to the > implementation of disease control programs and cleaning empty lots. > > Consequently, now there are many public accusations between Misiones, > Corrientes, and Chaco health officers. These persons, now that there > are cases of visceral leishmaniasis, immediately try to explain that > transmission may have taken place outside their respective > jurisdictions. The clear point is that the *mosquito vector* appears > because of lack of public hygiene. > > - -- > Communicated by: > ProMED-mail > > [Leishmaniasis has been slowly spreading in northern Argentina over > the past decades (Salomon O et al. First visceral leishmaniasis focus > in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:109-11 > < > http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18368242?ordinalpos=9&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum > >). > > The ecology of the vector has been changing, and increasing > urbanization has been suggested as one of the explanations (Salomon > OD *et al*. Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psycodidae) fauna in the Chaco > region and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis transmission patterns in > Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:578-84 > < > http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18949328?ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum > >). > - Mod.EP] > > > _______________________________________________ > Leish-l mailing list > Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l > > -- Dr. Carlos Henrique Nery Costa. Coordenador Executivo - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia Diretor Geral - Instituto de Doen?as Tropicais Natan Portella Universidade Federal do Piau? Rua Artur de Vasconcelos 151-Sul 64.001-450 Teresina-PI Brasil Telefones: IDTNP:+55 86 3221-3413; Celular: +55 86 9985-6132; Fax: +55 86 3222-3248 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lineu.icb.usp.br/pipermail/leish-l/attachments/20090324/105dbafe/attachment-0001.htm From beverley at borcim.wustl.edu Tue Mar 24 16:51:26 2009 From: beverley at borcim.wustl.edu (Beverley, Steve) Date: Tue, 24 Mar 2009 14:51:26 -0500 Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential In-Reply-To: <2a57bf5c0903241246ob3b0334m98ca8a2fa50a23@mail.gmail.com> References: <7CE5465F-26A8-4B43-B61F-D96CF0C2A8FF@uclouvain.be> <2a57bf5c0903241246ob3b0334m98ca8a2fa50a23@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <6.2.3.4.2.20090324144952.07bb13b8@borcim.wustl.edu> It comes from entomological nomenclature, not sure what the language was originally. As a true fly of the order Diptera, it is two words: sand fly. In contrast, other insects with the word 'fly' in them are a single word. eg butterfly dragonsly, mayfly, sawfly Steve Beverley At 02:46 PM 3/24/2009, Carlos Costa wrote: >To: all > >By the way, what is the right English writing: >sand fly or sandfly? Is it a matter of England vs. US? > >Carlos H. > >2009/3/21 Chang, Kwang-Poo ><KwangPoo.Chang at rosalindfranklin.edu> > >To: Prof. Laila Nimri and all > > > >The issue appears to be a language translation >problem. I was told that all blood sucking flies >are referred to as ?mosquito? in Spanish. > > > >KP > > > >---------- >From: >leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br >[mailto:leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] On Behalf Of Laila Nimri >Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 1:53 AM >To: fred opperdoes; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br >Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > > >Just to correct a very important information >about the vector of Visceral leishmaniasis, it >is definitely not a mosquito, it is a sand fly >of the genus Lutzomyia as mentioned correctly >below or a Phlebotomus. The environmental or >climatic changes that affect mosquitoes might >have affected the sand flies and lead to the emergence of the disease. > > > >Prof. Laila Nimri > >---------- >From: >leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br >[leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] >On Behalf Of fred opperdoes >[fred.opperdoes at uclouvain.be] >Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 8:21 AM >To: Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br >Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential >> >>Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2009 21:23:15 -0500 (EST) >>From: ProMED-mail >><promed at promed.isid.harvard.edu> >>Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential >> >>LEISHMANIASIS - ARGENTINA: EPIDEMIC POTENTIAL >>*********************************************** >>A ProMED-mail post >><http://www.promedmail.org> >>ProMED-mail is a program of the >>International Society for Infectious Diseases >><http://www.isid.org> >> >>Date: Tue 24 Feb 2009 >>Source: Datachaco.com [trans. Mod JGM, edited] >><http://datachaco.com/noticia.php?numero=17399> >> >> >>The occurrence of cases of yellow fever made people pay attention to >>mosquito-borne diseases, and dengue fever, which is currently >>attacking with unusual strength in Paraguay, set another alarm in >>Chaco, Corrientes, and Misiones provinces, which share borders with >>Paraguay and Bolivia. >> >>However, a new emerging disease has become the main epidemic threat >>in Argentina: Visceral leishmaniasis. This little known disease is >>being analyzed now as a cause for a sanitary red alert in Argentina. >> >>Visceral leishmaniasis is also caused by a mosquito-borne parasite. >>There is no vaccine for this disease, and therapy is instituted only >>once a case is clearly defined. Its mortality rate is around 8 per >>cent, and it has a particular feature: Dogs may act as reservoirs for >>the parasite. >> >>A summary of the life cycle of the parasite indicates that >>_Lutzomyia_ insects infect dogs. These animals develop the disease >>and transmit the parasite to another insect vector, which now is >>capable of transmitting visceral leishmaniasis to humans. There is no >>human-to-human transmission. >> >>Since the very 1st case was reported in 2006, 36 persons have been >>affected, and there are 4 deceased patients. The possibility of a >>rapid increase in the number of cases is a reason for concern. >> >>Last week 2 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were reported in Posadas. >>One is an 18-year-old woman, and the other is a 21-year-old man, who >>separately developed the symptoms of the disease. Some personnel from >>the army are currently collaborating with municipal authorities in >>Posadas for cleaning wastelands, which are considered breeding places >>for insect vectors. >> >>This health problem has become quite dangerous and important in the >>main cities in Misiones province, and specialists warn that the >>disease may reach other provinces in the short term. >> >>"We are observing that the vector is spreading fast, and 2 corridors >>have been established, one directing towards Resistencia and the >>other one towards Corrientes. Also, the northern area of Entre Rios, >>as well as Santa Fe, and Cordoba are vulnerable places. The mosquito >>vector for visceral leishmaniasis has become an urban-living insect, >>so there is a substantial risk for its presence in big urban >>centers," explained Dr. Daniel Salomon, from the National Center for >>Epidemics in Argentina's Ministry of Health. >> >>"It is quite difficult to implement preventive measures, because >>people are so in love with their pets," commented Dr. Salomon. There >>are very few options for controlling the spread of the disease apart >>from sacrificing sick animals. >> >>In 2004, the 1st dog infected with the causative agent of visceral >>leishmaniasis was detected. When 40 cases were reported in Misiones >>province, the Ministry of Health issued a red alert. Nonetheless, the >>current situation is much worse. In Posadas, it was determined that >>7000 dogs actually have the parasite. Additionally, there are 300 >>infected dogs in Corrientes, and it is worth mentioning that in its >>capital city, there are thousands of homeless dogs considered to be >>infected with the parasite. >> >>The analysis of the experience from Brazil and Paraguay indicates >>that there is a probability of having one person infected for every >>60 infected dogs. There is a high risk for an epidemic. >> >>Sanitary authorities recommend that pets must not be carried to the >>areas considered to be at risk. It is also advisable not to transport >>dogs from the affected regions to other areas in the country. The >>idea is to cut the transmission cycle of the parasite. Those persons >>who may visit the northern part of Argentina must be immunized >>against yellow fever as an ordinary preventive measure, and they must >>leave their pets at home as an additional preventive measure. >> >>"Visceral leishmaniasis was present in the northern part of South >>America until migrating workers started moving it towards the south. >>In early 2000, there were some important outbreaks in Campo Grande do >>Sul and in Asuncion, where the average number of persons infected is >>around 70 per year. In Brazil there are around 4000 cases and 200 >>deaths per year," pointed out Dr. Salomon, who had been doing some >>field work during the past few weeks in the Litoral provinces. >> >>He also added: "There is a trend for an increase in visceral >>leishmaniasis, so the disease may spread, and it is expected to have >>more cases." >> >>Climate changes and deforesting seem to be the main explanations for >>the migration of mosquito-borne diseases. However, trying to justify >>the occurrence of emergent diseases only because of reasons inherent >>to nature itself may exonerate provincial and municipal authorities >>for not complying with their obligations with respect to the >>implementation of disease control programs and cleaning empty lots. >> >>Consequently, now there are many public accusations between Misiones, >>Corrientes, and Chaco health officers. These persons, now that there >>are cases of visceral leishmaniasis, immediately try to explain that >>transmission may have taken place outside their respective >>jurisdictions. The clear point is that the mosquito vector appears >>because of lack of public hygiene. >> >>- -- >>Communicated by: >>ProMED-mail <promed at promedmail.org> >> >>[Leishmaniasis has been slowly spreading in northern Argentina over >>the past decades (Salomon O et al. First visceral leishmaniasis focus >>in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:109-11 >><http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18368242?ordinalpos=9&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum>). >> >>The ecology of the vector has been changing, and increasing >>urbanization has been suggested as one of the explanations (Salomon >>OD et al. Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psycodidae) fauna in the Chaco >>region and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis transmission patterns in >>Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:578-84 >><http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18949328?ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum>). >> - Mod.EP] > >_______________________________________________ >Leish-l mailing list >Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br >http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l > > > > >-- >Dr. Carlos Henrique Nery Costa. >Coordenador Executivo - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia >Diretor Geral - Instituto de Doen?as Tropicais Natan Portella >Universidade Federal do Piau? >Rua Artur de Vasconcelos 151-Sul >64.001-450 Teresina-PI >Brasil >Telefones: IDTNP:+55 86 3221-3413; >Celular: +55 86 9985-6132; Fax: +55 86 3222-3248 >_______________________________________________ >Leish-l mailing list >Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br >http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lineu.icb.usp.br/pipermail/leish-l/attachments/20090324/e4955a98/attachment.htm From j.g.c.hamilton at biol.keele.ac.uk Tue Mar 24 15:03:04 2009 From: j.g.c.hamilton at biol.keele.ac.uk (Gordon Hamilton) Date: Tue, 24 Mar 2009 18:03:04 -0000 Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential References: <7CE5465F-26A8-4B43-B61F-D96CF0C2A8FF@uclouvain.be> Message-ID: <005a01c9acaa$c848c5c0$1b8e05a0@gordon101> Dear All, the article contains the following interesting statement, "The analysis of the experience from Brazil and Paraguay indicates that there is a probability of having one person infected for every 60 infected dogs" does anyone know the source of this information and is it true? many thanks Gordon Hamilton ----- Original Message ----- From: Chang, Kwang-Poo To: Laila Nimri ; fred opperdoes ; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br Sent: Saturday, March 21, 2009 3:25 PM Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential To: Prof. Laila Nimri and all The issue appears to be a language translation problem. I was told that all blood sucking flies are referred to as "mosquito" in Spanish. KP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br [mailto:leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] On Behalf Of Laila Nimri Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 1:53 AM To: fred opperdoes; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential Just to correct a very important information about the vector of Visceral leishmaniasis, it is definitely not a mosquito, it is a sand fly of the genus Lutzomyia as mentioned correctly below or a Phlebotomus. The environmental or climatic changes that affect mosquitoes might have affected the sand flies and lead to the emergence of the disease. Prof. Laila Nimri ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br [leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] On Behalf Of fred opperdoes [fred.opperdoes at uclouvain.be] Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 8:21 AM To: Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2009 21:23:15 -0500 (EST) From: ProMED-mail Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential LEISHMANIASIS - ARGENTINA: EPIDEMIC POTENTIAL *********************************************** A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: Tue 24 Feb 2009 Source: Datachaco.com [trans. Mod JGM, edited] The occurrence of cases of yellow fever made people pay attention to mosquito-borne diseases, and dengue fever, which is currently attacking with unusual strength in Paraguay, set another alarm in Chaco, Corrientes, and Misiones provinces, which share borders with Paraguay and Bolivia. However, a new emerging disease has become the main epidemic threat in Argentina: Visceral leishmaniasis. This little known disease is being analyzed now as a cause for a sanitary red alert in Argentina. Visceral leishmaniasis is also caused by a mosquito-borne parasite. There is no vaccine for this disease, and therapy is instituted only once a case is clearly defined. Its mortality rate is around 8 per cent, and it has a particular feature: Dogs may act as reservoirs for the parasite. A summary of the life cycle of the parasite indicates that _Lutzomyia_ insects infect dogs. These animals develop the disease and transmit the parasite to another insect vector, which now is capable of transmitting visceral leishmaniasis to humans. There is no human-to-human transmission. Since the very 1st case was reported in 2006, 36 persons have been affected, and there are 4 deceased patients. The possibility of a rapid increase in the number of cases is a reason for concern. Last week 2 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were reported in Posadas. One is an 18-year-old woman, and the other is a 21-year-old man, who separately developed the symptoms of the disease. Some personnel from the army are currently collaborating with municipal authorities in Posadas for cleaning wastelands, which are considered breeding places for insect vectors. This health problem has become quite dangerous and important in the main cities in Misiones province, and specialists warn that the disease may reach other provinces in the short term. "We are observing that the vector is spreading fast, and 2 corridors have been established, one directing towards Resistencia and the other one towards Corrientes. Also, the northern area of Entre Rios, as well as Santa Fe, and Cordoba are vulnerable places. The mosquito vector for visceral leishmaniasis has become an urban-living insect, so there is a substantial risk for its presence in big urban centers," explained Dr. Daniel Salomon, from the National Center for Epidemics in Argentina's Ministry of Health. "It is quite difficult to implement preventive measures, because people are so in love with their pets," commented Dr. Salomon. There are very few options for controlling the spread of the disease apart from sacrificing sick animals. In 2004, the 1st dog infected with the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis was detected. When 40 cases were reported in Misiones province, the Ministry of Health issued a red alert. Nonetheless, the current situation is much worse. In Posadas, it was determined that 7000 dogs actually have the parasite. Additionally, there are 300 infected dogs in Corrientes, and it is worth mentioning that in its capital city, there are thousands of homeless dogs considered to be infected with the parasite. The analysis of the experience from Brazil and Paraguay indicates that there is a probability of having one person infected for every 60 infected dogs. There is a high risk for an epidemic. Sanitary authorities recommend that pets must not be carried to the areas considered to be at risk. It is also advisable not to transport dogs from the affected regions to other areas in the country. The idea is to cut the transmission cycle of the parasite. Those persons who may visit the northern part of Argentina must be immunized against yellow fever as an ordinary preventive measure, and they must leave their pets at home as an additional preventive measure. "Visceral leishmaniasis was present in the northern part of South America until migrating workers started moving it towards the south. In early 2000, there were some important outbreaks in Campo Grande do Sul and in Asuncion, where the average number of persons infected is around 70 per year. In Brazil there are around 4000 cases and 200 deaths per year," pointed out Dr. Salomon, who had been doing some field work during the past few weeks in the Litoral provinces. He also added: "There is a trend for an increase in visceral leishmaniasis, so the disease may spread, and it is expected to have more cases." Climate changes and deforesting seem to be the main explanations for the migration of mosquito-borne diseases. However, trying to justify the occurrence of emergent diseases only because of reasons inherent to nature itself may exonerate provincial and municipal authorities for not complying with their obligations with respect to the implementation of disease control programs and cleaning empty lots. Consequently, now there are many public accusations between Misiones, Corrientes, and Chaco health officers. These persons, now that there are cases of visceral leishmaniasis, immediately try to explain that transmission may have taken place outside their respective jurisdictions. The clear point is that the mosquito vector appears because of lack of public hygiene. - -- Communicated by: ProMED-mail [Leishmaniasis has been slowly spreading in northern Argentina over the past decades (Salomon O et al. First visceral leishmaniasis focus in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:109-11 ). The ecology of the vector has been changing, and increasing urbanization has been suggested as one of the explanations (Salomon OD et al. Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psycodidae) fauna in the Chaco region and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis transmission patterns in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:578-84 ). - Mod.EP] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ _______________________________________________ Leish-l mailing list Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lineu.icb.usp.br/pipermail/leish-l/attachments/20090324/6046a6a6/attachment-0001.htm From killickendrick at wanadoo.fr Wed Mar 25 04:00:32 2009 From: killickendrick at wanadoo.fr (BobKillick-Kendrick) Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2009 08:00:32 +0100 Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential References: <7CE5465F-26A8-4B43-B61F-D96CF0C2A8FF@uclouvain.be> <2a57bf5c0903241246ob3b0334m98ca8a2fa50a23@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <2576982445DE46CEBA737EAD6BCC944F@PC> The Americans use sand fly. The convention is that two words indicate a dipteran - eg. sand fly, tsetse fly, horse fly, stable fly etc, - whereas one word indicates a non-dipteran - eg. mayfly, damselfly, hoverfly etc. It seems sensible to me and I follow it. [This is opposed by Chris Schofield. But he works on reduvidbugs (conenosebugs)!] Bob Killick-Kendrick ----- Original Message ----- From: Carlos Costa To: Chang, Kwang-Poo Cc: fred opperdoes ; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br Sent: Tuesday, March 24, 2009 8:46 PM Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential To: all By the way, what is the right English writing: sand fly or sandfly? Is it a matter of England vs. US? Carlos H. 2009/3/21 Chang, Kwang-Poo To: Prof. Laila Nimri and all The issue appears to be a language translation problem. I was told that all blood sucking flies are referred to as ?mosquito? in Spanish. KP ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br [mailto:leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] On Behalf Of Laila Nimri Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 1:53 AM To: fred opperdoes; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential Just to correct a very important information about the vector of Visceral leishmaniasis, it is definitely not a mosquito, it is a sand fly of the genus Lutzomyia as mentioned correctly below or a Phlebotomus. The environmental or climatic changes that affect mosquitoes might have affected the sand flies and lead to the emergence of the disease. Prof. Laila Nimri ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br [leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] On Behalf Of fred opperdoes [fred.opperdoes at uclouvain.be] Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 8:21 AM To: Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2009 21:23:15 -0500 (EST) From: ProMED-mail Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential LEISHMANIASIS - ARGENTINA: EPIDEMIC POTENTIAL *********************************************** A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: Tue 24 Feb 2009 Source: Datachaco.com [trans. Mod JGM, edited] The occurrence of cases of yellow fever made people pay attention to mosquito-borne diseases, and dengue fever, which is currently attacking with unusual strength in Paraguay, set another alarm in Chaco, Corrientes, and Misiones provinces, which share borders with Paraguay and Bolivia. However, a new emerging disease has become the main epidemic threat in Argentina: Visceral leishmaniasis. This little known disease is being analyzed now as a cause for a sanitary red alert in Argentina. Visceral leishmaniasis is also caused by a mosquito-borne parasite. There is no vaccine for this disease, and therapy is instituted only once a case is clearly defined. Its mortality rate is around 8 per cent, and it has a particular feature: Dogs may act as reservoirs for the parasite. A summary of the life cycle of the parasite indicates that _Lutzomyia_ insects infect dogs. These animals develop the disease and transmit the parasite to another insect vector, which now is capable of transmitting visceral leishmaniasis to humans. There is no human-to-human transmission. Since the very 1st case was reported in 2006, 36 persons have been affected, and there are 4 deceased patients. The possibility of a rapid increase in the number of cases is a reason for concern. Last week 2 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were reported in Posadas. One is an 18-year-old woman, and the other is a 21-year-old man, who separately developed the symptoms of the disease. Some personnel from the army are currently collaborating with municipal authorities in Posadas for cleaning wastelands, which are considered breeding places for insect vectors. This health problem has become quite dangerous and important in the main cities in Misiones province, and specialists warn that the disease may reach other provinces in the short term. "We are observing that the vector is spreading fast, and 2 corridors have been established, one directing towards Resistencia and the other one towards Corrientes. Also, the northern area of Entre Rios, as well as Santa Fe, and Cordoba are vulnerable places. The mosquito vector for visceral leishmaniasis has become an urban-living insect, so there is a substantial risk for its presence in big urban centers," explained Dr. Daniel Salomon, from the National Center for Epidemics in Argentina's Ministry of Health. "It is quite difficult to implement preventive measures, because people are so in love with their pets," commented Dr. Salomon. There are very few options for controlling the spread of the disease apart from sacrificing sick animals. In 2004, the 1st dog infected with the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis was detected. When 40 cases were reported in Misiones province, the Ministry of Health issued a red alert. Nonetheless, the current situation is much worse. In Posadas, it was determined that 7000 dogs actually have the parasite. Additionally, there are 300 infected dogs in Corrientes, and it is worth mentioning that in its capital city, there are thousands of homeless dogs considered to be infected with the parasite. The analysis of the experience from Brazil and Paraguay indicates that there is a probability of having one person infected for every 60 infected dogs. There is a high risk for an epidemic. Sanitary authorities recommend that pets must not be carried to the areas considered to be at risk. It is also advisable not to transport dogs from the affected regions to other areas in the country. The idea is to cut the transmission cycle of the parasite. Those persons who may visit the northern part of Argentina must be immunized against yellow fever as an ordinary preventive measure, and they must leave their pets at home as an additional preventive measure. "Visceral leishmaniasis was present in the northern part of South America until migrating workers started moving it towards the south. In early 2000, there were some important outbreaks in Campo Grande do Sul and in Asuncion, where the average number of persons infected is around 70 per year. In Brazil there are around 4000 cases and 200 deaths per year," pointed out Dr. Salomon, who had been doing some field work during the past few weeks in the Litoral provinces. He also added: "There is a trend for an increase in visceral leishmaniasis, so the disease may spread, and it is expected to have more cases." Climate changes and deforesting seem to be the main explanations for the migration of mosquito-borne diseases. However, trying to justify the occurrence of emergent diseases only because of reasons inherent to nature itself may exonerate provincial and municipal authorities for not complying with their obligations with respect to the implementation of disease control programs and cleaning empty lots. Consequently, now there are many public accusations between Misiones, Corrientes, and Chaco health officers. These persons, now that there are cases of visceral leishmaniasis, immediately try to explain that transmission may have taken place outside their respective jurisdictions. The clear point is that the mosquito vector appears because of lack of public hygiene. - -- Communicated by: ProMED-mail [Leishmaniasis has been slowly spreading in northern Argentina over the past decades (Salomon O et al. First visceral leishmaniasis focus in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:109-11 ). The ecology of the vector has been changing, and increasing urbanization has been suggested as one of the explanations (Salomon OD et al. Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psycodidae) fauna in the Chaco region and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis transmission patterns in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:578-84 ). - Mod.EP] _______________________________________________ Leish-l mailing list Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l -- Dr. Carlos Henrique Nery Costa. Coordenador Executivo - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia Diretor Geral - Instituto de Doen?as Tropicais Natan Portella Universidade Federal do Piau? Rua Artur de Vasconcelos 151-Sul 64.001-450 Teresina-PI Brasil Telefones: IDTNP:+55 86 3221-3413; Celular: +55 86 9985-6132; Fax: +55 86 3222-3248 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ _______________________________________________ Leish-l mailing list Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --- avast! Antivirus: message Entrant propre. Base de donn?es des virus (VPS): 090324-0, 24/03/2009 Test du: 25/03/2009 07:51:04 avast! - copyright (c) 2000-2009 ALWIL Software. http://www.avast.com --- avast! Antivirus: message Sortant propre. Base de donn?es des virus (VPS): 090324-0, 24/03/2009 Test du: 25/03/2009 08:00:33 avast! - copyright (c) 2000-2009 ALWIL Software. http://www.avast.com -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lineu.icb.usp.br/pipermail/leish-l/attachments/20090325/06506c2b/attachment-0001.htm From KwangPoo.Chang at rosalindfranklin.edu Tue Mar 24 16:52:47 2009 From: KwangPoo.Chang at rosalindfranklin.edu (Chang, Kwang-Poo) Date: Tue, 24 Mar 2009 14:52:47 -0500 Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential In-Reply-To: <2a57bf5c0903241246ob3b0334m98ca8a2fa50a23@mail.gmail.com> References: <7CE5465F-26A8-4B43-B61F-D96CF0C2A8FF@uclouvain.be> <2a57bf5c0903241246ob3b0334m98ca8a2fa50a23@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: The British investigators I know insist in using "sand fly" as the correct English. You save one space by using "sandfly" at the expense of being correct. KP ________________________________ From: Carlos Costa [mailto:chncosta at gmail.com] Sent: Tuesday, March 24, 2009 2:46 PM To: Chang, Kwang-Poo Cc: Laila Nimri; fred opperdoes; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential To: all By the way, what is the right English writing: sand fly or sandfly? Is it a matter of England vs. US? Carlos H. 2009/3/21 Chang, Kwang-Poo To: Prof. Laila Nimri and all The issue appears to be a language translation problem. I was told that all blood sucking flies are referred to as "mosquito" in Spanish. KP ________________________________ From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br [mailto:leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] On Behalf Of Laila Nimri Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 1:53 AM To: fred opperdoes; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential Just to correct a very important information about the vector of Visceral leishmaniasis, it is definitely not a mosquito, it is a sand fly of the genus Lutzomyia as mentioned correctly below or a Phlebotomus. The environmental or climatic changes that affect mosquitoes might have affected the sand flies and lead to the emergence of the disease. Prof. Laila Nimri ________________________________ From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br [leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] On Behalf Of fred opperdoes [fred.opperdoes at uclouvain.be] Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 8:21 AM To: Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2009 21:23:15 -0500 (EST) From: ProMED-mail Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential LEISHMANIASIS - ARGENTINA: EPIDEMIC POTENTIAL *********************************************** A ProMED-mail post > ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases > Date: Tue 24 Feb 2009 Source: Datachaco.com [trans. Mod JGM, edited] The occurrence of cases of yellow fever made people pay attention to mosquito-borne diseases, and dengue fever, which is currently attacking with unusual strength in Paraguay, set another alarm in Chaco, Corrientes, and Misiones provinces, which share borders with Paraguay and Bolivia. However, a new emerging disease has become the main epidemic threat in Argentina: Visceral leishmaniasis. This little known disease is being analyzed now as a cause for a sanitary red alert in Argentina. Visceral leishmaniasis is also caused by a mosquito-borne parasite. There is no vaccine for this disease, and therapy is instituted only once a case is clearly defined. Its mortality rate is around 8 per cent, and it has a particular feature: Dogs may act as reservoirs for the parasite. A summary of the life cycle of the parasite indicates that _Lutzomyia_ insects infect dogs. These animals develop the disease and transmit the parasite to another insect vector, which now is capable of transmitting visceral leishmaniasis to humans. There is no human-to-human transmission. Since the very 1st case was reported in 2006, 36 persons have been affected, and there are 4 deceased patients. The possibility of a rapid increase in the number of cases is a reason for concern. Last week 2 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were reported in Posadas. One is an 18-year-old woman, and the other is a 21-year-old man, who separately developed the symptoms of the disease. Some personnel from the army are currently collaborating with municipal authorities in Posadas for cleaning wastelands, which are considered breeding places for insect vectors. This health problem has become quite dangerous and important in the main cities in Misiones province, and specialists warn that the disease may reach other provinces in the short term. "We are observing that the vector is spreading fast, and 2 corridors have been established, one directing towards Resistencia and the other one towards Corrientes. Also, the northern area of Entre Rios, as well as Santa Fe, and Cordoba are vulnerable places. The mosquito vector for visceral leishmaniasis has become an urban-living insect, so there is a substantial risk for its presence in big urban centers," explained Dr. Daniel Salomon, from the National Center for Epidemics in Argentina's Ministry of Health. "It is quite difficult to implement preventive measures, because people are so in love with their pets," commented Dr. Salomon. There are very few options for controlling the spread of the disease apart from sacrificing sick animals. In 2004, the 1st dog infected with the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis was detected. When 40 cases were reported in Misiones province, the Ministry of Health issued a red alert. Nonetheless, the current situation is much worse. In Posadas, it was determined that 7000 dogs actually have the parasite. Additionally, there are 300 infected dogs in Corrientes, and it is worth mentioning that in its capital city, there are thousands of homeless dogs considered to be infected with the parasite. The analysis of the experience from Brazil and Paraguay indicates that there is a probability of having one person infected for every 60 infected dogs. There is a high risk for an epidemic. Sanitary authorities recommend that pets must not be carried to the areas considered to be at risk. It is also advisable not to transport dogs from the affected regions to other areas in the country. The idea is to cut the transmission cycle of the parasite. Those persons who may visit the northern part of Argentina must be immunized against yellow fever as an ordinary preventive measure, and they must leave their pets at home as an additional preventive measure. "Visceral leishmaniasis was present in the northern part of South America until migrating workers started moving it towards the south. In early 2000, there were some important outbreaks in Campo Grande do Sul and in Asuncion, where the average number of persons infected is around 70 per year. In Brazil there are around 4000 cases and 200 deaths per year," pointed out Dr. Salomon, who had been doing some field work during the past few weeks in the Litoral provinces. He also added: "There is a trend for an increase in visceral leishmaniasis, so the disease may spread, and it is expected to have more cases." Climate changes and deforesting seem to be the main explanations for the migration of mosquito-borne diseases. However, trying to justify the occurrence of emergent diseases only because of reasons inherent to nature itself may exonerate provincial and municipal authorities for not complying with their obligations with respect to the implementation of disease control programs and cleaning empty lots. Consequently, now there are many public accusations between Misiones, Corrientes, and Chaco health officers. These persons, now that there are cases of visceral leishmaniasis, immediately try to explain that transmission may have taken place outside their respective jurisdictions. The clear point is that the mosquito vector appears because of lack of public hygiene. - -- Communicated by: ProMED-mail [Leishmaniasis has been slowly spreading in northern Argentina over the past decades (Salomon O et al. First visceral leishmaniasis focus in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:109-11 ). The ecology of the vector has been changing, and increasing urbanization has been suggested as one of the explanations (Salomon OD et al. Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psycodidae) fauna in the Chaco region and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis transmission patterns in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:578-84 ). - Mod.EP] _______________________________________________ Leish-l mailing list Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l -- Dr. Carlos Henrique Nery Costa. Coordenador Executivo - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia Diretor Geral - Instituto de Doen?as Tropicais Natan Portella Universidade Federal do Piau? Rua Artur de Vasconcelos 151-Sul 64.001-450 Teresina-PI Brasil Telefones: IDTNP:+55 86 3221-3413; Celular: +55 86 9985-6132; Fax: +55 86 3222-3248 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lineu.icb.usp.br/pipermail/leish-l/attachments/20090324/3f38d29b/attachment-0001.htm From mctulian at yahoo.com.br Thu Mar 26 09:37:10 2009 From: mctulian at yahoo.com.br (=?utf-8?B?TWFyY28gVHVsaW8gQW50b25pbyBHYXJjw79mZmZmZWRhLVphcGF0YQ==?=) Date: Thu, 26 Mar 2009 05:37:10 -0700 (PDT) Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential Message-ID: <474497.30160.qm@web50905.mail.re2.yahoo.com> To: all The diseases don't have frontiers The climatic changes, the population migration and the increase of the deforestation of the forests, among other factors are constant concerns and of risk in the transmission of diseases transmitted by Phlebotomus. Here, it is discussed the situation of the Visceral Leishmaniasis in Argentina, probably an expansion of the same from Brazil and that it already arrived in Paraguay. Another situation, more preoccupying still is happening after the end of the construction of the inter-oceanic highway (Pacific Ocean ? Atlantic Ocean), that crosses the borders of three countries of South America , Peru - Bolivia - Brazil, and that began to generate local and international problems of several type. Among them, the exchange of diseases before inexistent in those countries. Some as a result of the passage of transmitter insects, as certain Phlebotomus (Lutzomyia sp), before impeded of arriving to the western Amazonian forest, for the presence of the Andean cordillera. Some of those species are responsible for the transmission of the Leishmaniasis. Other, however, can also transmit the Bartonella bacilliformis ?Carrion?s Disease or Oroya Fever (ISOPS IV, 2002) responsible for two clinics different forms, an hemolytic anemia, that can be lethal, and another one characterized by a cutaneous eruption that can be disseminated Studies in process (MAP? s initiatives) in the area begin to reveal the presence of some Phlebotomus species involved in the transmission of this disease (XLV ?Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine Meeting, 2009). These facts are evidence that the diseases don't have borders. And they are an alert sign so that the sanitary authorities, national and international, implant and implement appropriate measures seeking to avoid the expansion of such diseases. This event is a ?bomb of time.? ? Marco Tulio A. Garc?a-Zapata, MD, PhD Tropicologist / Full Professor / Principal Researcher Research Nucleus about (Re)Emergents Diseases Agents International and Travellers Medicine Center Caixa Postal 12911 - Setor Leste Vila Nova - 74643-970 -?Goiania-GO, BRAZIL Phones: Work (+62) 3269-8219; Fax: (+62) 3269-8219; 3521-1839 E-mail: mctulian at yahoo.com.br, mctulian1 at hotmail.com; zapata at iptsp.ufg.br --------------------------------------- To: all ? By the way, what is the right English writing: sand fly or sandfly? Is it a matter of England?vs. US? ? Carlos H. 2009/3/21 Chang, Kwang-Poo To: Prof. Laila Nimri and all ? The issue appears to be a language translation problem. I was told that all blood sucking flies are referred to as ?mosquito? in Spanish. ? KP ? From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br [mailto:leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] On Behalf Of Laila Nimri Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 1:53 AM To: fred opperdoes; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential ? Just to correct a very important information about the vector of Visceral leishmaniasis, it is definitely not a mosquito, it is a sand fly of the genus Lutzomyia as mentioned correctly below or a Phlebotomus. The environmental or climatic changes that affect mosquitoes might have affected the sand flies and lead to the emergence of the disease. ? Prof. Laila Nimri From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br [leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] On Behalf Of fred opperdoes [fred.opperdoes at uclouvain.be] Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 8:21 AM To: Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2009 21:23:15 -0500 (EST) From: ProMED-mail Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential LEISHMANIASIS - ARGENTINA: EPIDEMIC POTENTIAL *********************************************** A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: Tue 24 Feb 2009 Source: Datachaco.com [trans. Mod JGM, edited] The occurrence of cases of yellow fever made people pay attention to? mosquito-borne diseases, and dengue fever, which is currently? attacking with unusual strength in Paraguay, set another alarm in? Chaco, Corrientes, and Misiones provinces, which share borders with? Paraguay and Bolivia. However, a new emerging disease has become the main epidemic threat? in Argentina: Visceral leishmaniasis. This little known disease is? being analyzed now as a cause for a sanitary red alert in Argentina. Visceral leishmaniasis is also caused by a mosquito-borne parasite.? There is no vaccine for this disease, and therapy is instituted only? once a case is clearly defined. Its mortality rate is around 8 per? cent, and it has a particular feature: Dogs may act as reservoirs for? the parasite. A summary of the life cycle of the parasite indicates that? _Lutzomyia_ insects infect dogs. These animals develop the disease? and transmit the parasite to another insect vector, which now is? capable of transmitting visceral leishmaniasis to humans. There is no? human-to-human transmission. Since the very 1st case was reported in 2006, 36 persons have been? affected, and there are 4 deceased patients. The possibility of a? rapid increase in the number of cases is a reason for concern. Last week 2 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were reported in Posadas.? One is an 18-year-old woman, and the other is a 21-year-old man, who? separately developed the symptoms of the disease. Some personnel from? the army are currently collaborating with municipal authorities in? Posadas for cleaning wastelands, which are considered breeding places? for insect vectors. This health problem has become quite dangerous and important in the? main cities in Misiones province, and specialists warn that the? disease may reach other provinces in the short term. "We are observing that the vector is spreading fast, and 2 corridors? have been established, one directing towards Resistencia and the? other one towards Corrientes. Also, the northern area of Entre Rios,? as well as Santa Fe, and Cordoba are vulnerable places. The mosquito? vector for visceral leishmaniasis has become an urban-living insect,? so there is a substantial risk for its presence in big urban? centers," explained Dr. Daniel Salomon, from the National Center for? Epidemics in Argentina's Ministry of Health. "It is quite difficult to implement preventive measures, because? people are so in love with their pets," commented Dr. Salomon. There? are very few options for controlling the spread of the disease apart? from sacrificing sick animals. In 2004, the 1st dog infected with the causative agent of visceral? leishmaniasis was detected. When 40 cases were reported in Misiones? province, the Ministry of Health issued a red alert. Nonetheless, the? current situation is much worse. In Posadas, it was determined that? 7000 dogs actually have the parasite. Additionally, there are 300? infected dogs in Corrientes, and it is worth mentioning that in its? capital city, there are thousands of homeless dogs considered to be? infected with the parasite. The analysis of the experience from Brazil and Paraguay indicates? that there is a probability of having one person infected for every? 60 infected dogs. There is a high risk for an epidemic. Sanitary authorities recommend that pets must not be carried to the? areas considered to be at risk. It is also advisable not to transport? dogs from the affected regions to other areas in the country. The? idea is to cut the transmission cycle of the parasite. Those persons? who may visit the northern part of Argentina must be immunized? against yellow fever as an ordinary preventive measure, and they must? leave their pets at home as an additional preventive measure. "Visceral leishmaniasis was present in the northern part of South? America until migrating workers started moving it towards the south.? In early 2000, there were some important outbreaks in Campo Grande do? Sul and in Asuncion, where the average number of persons infected is? around 70 per year. In Brazil there are around 4000 cases and 200? deaths per year," pointed out Dr. Salomon, who had been doing some? field work during the past few weeks in the Litoral provinces. He also added: "There is a trend for an increase in visceral? leishmaniasis, so the disease may spread, and it is expected to have? more cases." Climate changes and deforesting seem to be the main explanations for? the migration of mosquito-borne diseases. However, trying to justify? the occurrence of emergent diseases only because of reasons inherent? to nature itself may exonerate provincial and municipal authorities? for not complying with their obligations with respect to the? implementation of disease control programs and cleaning empty lots. Consequently, now there are many public accusations between Misiones,? Corrientes, and Chaco health officers. These persons, now that there? are cases of visceral leishmaniasis, immediately try to explain that? transmission may have taken place outside their respective? jurisdictions. The clear point is that the mosquito vector appears? because of lack of public hygiene. - -- Communicated by: ProMED-mail [Leishmaniasis has been slowly spreading in northern Argentina over? the past decades (Salomon O et al. First visceral leishmaniasis focus? in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:109-11 ). The ecology of the vector has been changing, and increasing? urbanization has been suggested as one of the explanations (Salomon? OD et al. Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psycodidae) fauna in the Chaco? region and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis transmission patterns in? Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:578-84 ). ?- Mod.EP] _______________________________________________ Leish-l mailing list Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l -- Dr. Carlos Henrique Nery Costa. Coordenador Executivo - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia Diretor Geral - Instituto de Doen?as Tropicais Natan Portella Universidade Federal do Piau? Rua Artur de Vasconcelos 151-Sul 64.001-450 Teresina-PI Brasil Telefones: IDTNP:+55 86 3221-3413; Celular: +55 86 9985-6132; Fax: +55 86 3222-3248 Veja quais s?o os assuntos do momento no Yahoo! +Buscados http://br.maisbuscados.yahoo.com -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lineu.icb.usp.br/pipermail/leish-l/attachments/20090326/6e226f18/attachment-0001.htm From neenacdri at yahoo.com Wed Mar 25 01:24:38 2009 From: neenacdri at yahoo.com (neena goyal) Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2009 09:54:38 +0530 (IST) Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential Message-ID: <294200.49891.qm@web94816.mail.in2.yahoo.com> To all, I think the right word is 'sandfly' not sand fly Neena --- On Wed, 25/3/09, Carlos Costa wrote: > From: Carlos Costa > Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > To: "Chang, Kwang-Poo" > Cc: "fred opperdoes" , Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp..br > Date: Wednesday, 25 March, 2009, 1:16 AM > To: all > ? > By the way, what is the right English writing: sand > fly or sandfly? Is it a matter of England?vs. US? > ? > Carlos H. > > > 2009/3/21 Chang, Kwang-Poo > > > > > To: > Prof. Laila Nimri and all > ? > The > issue appears to be a language translation problem. I was > told that all blood sucking flies are referred to as > ?mosquito? in Spanish. > > ? > KP > ? > > > > > From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br > [mailto:leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] > On Behalf Of > Laila Nimri > > Sent: > Thursday, February 26, 2009 1:53 AM > To: fred > opperdoes; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > > Subject: Re: > [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic > potential > > > > ? > > Just to > correct a very important information about the vector of > Visceral leishmaniasis, it is definitely not a mosquito, it > is a sand fly of the genus Lutzomyia as mentioned > correctly below or a Phlebotomus. The environmental or > climatic changes that affect mosquitoes might have affected > the sand flies and lead to the emergence of the > disease. > > > ? > > Prof. Laila > Nimri > > > > > From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br > [leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] > On Behalf Of fred opperdoes [fred.opperdoes at uclouvain.be] > > Sent: > Thursday, February 26, 2009 8:21 AM > To: Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > > Subject: > [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic > potential > > > Date: > Wed, 25 Feb 2009 21:23:15 -0500 > (EST) > > From: ProMED-mail > Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis - Argentina: > epidemic potential > > > LEISHMANIASIS - ARGENTINA: EPIDEMIC POTENTIAL > *********************************************** > A ProMED-mail post > > > ProMED-mail is a program of the > International Society for Infectious Diseases > > > Date: Tue 24 Feb 2009 > > Source: Datachaco.com [trans. Mod JGM, > edited] > > > > The occurrence of cases of yellow fever made people > pay attention to? > > mosquito-borne diseases, and dengue fever, which is > currently? > attacking with unusual strength in Paraguay, set > another alarm in? > Chaco, Corrientes, and Misiones provinces, which > share borders with? > > Paraguay and Bolivia. > > However, a new emerging disease has become the main > epidemic threat? > in Argentina: Visceral leishmaniasis. This little > known disease is? > > being analyzed now as a cause for a sanitary red > alert in Argentina. > > Visceral leishmaniasis is also > caused by a > mosquito-borne > parasite.? > > There is no vaccine for this disease, and therapy is > instituted only? > once a case is clearly defined. Its mortality rate is > around 8 per? > cent, and it has a particular feature: Dogs may act > as reservoirs for? > > the parasite. > > A summary of the life cycle of the parasite indicates > that? > _Lutzomyia_ > insects > infect > dogs. These animals develop the > disease? > > and transmit the parasite to another insect vector, > which now is? > capable of transmitting visceral leishmaniasis to > humans. There is no? > human-to-human transmission. > > Since the very 1st case was reported in 2006, 36 > persons have been? > > affected, and there are 4 deceased patients. The > possibility of a? > rapid increase in the number of cases is a reason for > concern. > > Last week 2 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were > reported in Posadas.? > > One is an 18-year-old woman, and the other is a > 21-year-old man, who? > separately developed the symptoms of the disease. > Some personnel from? > the army are currently collaborating with municipal > authorities in? > > Posadas for cleaning wastelands, which > are considered breeding places? > for insect vectors. > > This health problem has become quite dangerous and > important in the? > > main cities in Misiones province, and specialists > warn that the? > disease may reach other provinces in the short > term. > > "We are observing that the vector is spreading > fast, and 2 corridors? > > have been established, one directing towards > Resistencia and the? > other one towards Corrientes. Also, the northern area > of Entre Rios,? > as well as Santa Fe, and Cordoba are vulnerable > places. The mosquito? > > vector for visceral > leishmaniasis has become an > urban-living insect,? > > so there is a substantial risk for its presence in > big urban? > centers," explained Dr. Daniel Salomon, from the > National Center for? > Epidemics in Argentina's Ministry of > Health. > > > "It is quite difficult to implement preventive > measures, because? > people are so in love with their pets," > commented Dr. Salomon. There? > are very few options for controlling the spread of > the disease apart? > > from sacrificing sick animals. > > In 2004, the 1st dog infected with the causative > agent of visceral? > leishmaniasis was detected. When 40 cases were > reported in Misiones? > province, the Ministry of Health issued a red alert. > Nonetheless, the? > > current situation is much worse. In Posadas, it was > determined that? > 7000 dogs actually have the parasite. Additionally, > there are 300? > infected dogs in Corrientes, and it is worth > mentioning that in its? > > capital city, there are thousands of homeless dogs > considered to be? > infected with the parasite. > > The analysis of the experience from Brazil and > Paraguay indicates? > that there is a probability of having one person > infected for every? > > 60 infected dogs. There is a high risk for an > epidemic. > > Sanitary authorities recommend that pets must not be > carried to the? > areas considered to be at risk. It is also advisable > not to transport? > > dogs from the affected regions to other areas in the > country. The? > idea is to cut the transmission cycle of the > parasite. Those persons? > who may visit the northern part of Argentina must be > immunized? > > against yellow fever as an ordinary preventive > measure, and they must? > leave their pets at home as an additional preventive > measure. > > "Visceral leishmaniasis was present in the > northern part of South? > > America until migrating workers started moving it towards > the south.? > In early 2000, there were some important outbreaks in > Campo Grande do? > Sul and in Asuncion, where the average number of > persons infected is? > > around 70 per year. In Brazil there are around 4000 > cases and 200? > deaths per year," pointed out Dr. Salomon, who > had been doing some? > field work during the past few weeks in the Litoral > provinces. > > > He also added: "There is a trend for an increase > in visceral? > leishmaniasis, so the disease may spread, and it is > expected to have? > more cases." > > Climate changes and deforesting seem to be the main > explanations for? > > the migration of > mosquito-borne > diseases. However, trying > to justify? > > the occurrence of emergent diseases only because of > reasons inherent? > to nature itself may exonerate provincial and > municipal authorities? > for not complying with their obligations with respect > to the? > > implementation of disease control programs and > cleaning empty lots. > > Consequently, now there are many public accusations > between Misiones,? > Corrientes, and Chaco health officers. > These persons, now that there? > > are cases of visceral leishmaniasis, immediately try > to explain that? > transmission may have taken place outside their > respective? > jurisdictions. The clear point is that the > mosquito > vector > appears? > > because of lack of public hygiene. > > - -- > Communicated by: > ProMED-mail > > > [Leishmaniasis has been slowly spreading in northern > Argentina over? > the past decades (Salomon O et al. First visceral > leishmaniasis focus? > in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. > 2008;103:109-11 > > ). > > > The ecology of the vector has been changing, and > increasing? > urbanization has been suggested as one of the > explanations (Salomon? > OD et > al. Phlebotominae (Diptera: > Psycodidae) fauna in the Chaco? > > region and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis transmission > patterns in? > Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. > 2008;103:578-84 > ). > > ?- > Mod.EP] > _______________________________________________ > Leish-l mailing list > Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > > http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l > > > > > -- > Dr. Carlos Henrique Nery Costa. > > Coordenador Executivo - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia > Diretor Geral - Instituto de Doen?as Tropicais Natan > Portella > Universidade Federal do Piau? > Rua Artur de Vasconcelos 151-Sul > 64.001-450 Teresina-PI > Brasil > > Telefones: IDTNP:+55 86 3221-3413; > Celular: +55 86 9985-6132; Fax: +55 86 3222-3248 > > > -----Inline Attachment Follows----- > > _______________________________________________ > Leish-l mailing list > Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l > Get perfect Email ID for your Resume. Grab now http://in.promos.yahoo.com/address From jmb37 at cam.ac.uk Thu Mar 26 21:45:37 2009 From: jmb37 at cam.ac.uk (Jenefer M. Blackwell) Date: 27 Mar 2009 00:45:37 +0000 Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential In-Reply-To: <294200.49891.qm@web94816.mail.in2.yahoo.com> References: <294200.49891.qm@web94816.mail.in2.yahoo.com> Message-ID: It seems from all the previous emails that you are wrong! Steve and Bob seem to have come up with the right answer. Cheers all, Jennie On Mar 26 2009, neena goyal wrote: > >To all, >I think the right word is 'sandfly' not sand fly >Neena > >--- On Wed, 25/3/09, Carlos Costa wrote: > >> From: Carlos Costa Subject: Re: [Leish-l] >> Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential To: "Chang, Kwang-Poo" >> Cc: "fred opperdoes" >> , Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp..br Date: >> Wednesday, 25 March, 2009, 1:16 AM To: all By the way, what is the >> right English writing: sand fly or sandfly? Is it a matter of >> England vs. US? Carlos H. >> >> >> 2009/3/21 Chang, Kwang-Poo >> >> >> >> >> To: >> Prof. Laila Nimri and all >> >> The >> issue appears to be a language translation problem. I was >> told that all blood sucking flies are referred to as >> "mosquito" in Spanish. >> >> >> KP >> >> >> >> >> >> From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br >> [mailto:leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] >> On Behalf Of >> Laila Nimri >> >> Sent: >> Thursday, February 26, 2009 1:53 AM >> To: fred >> opperdoes; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br >> >> Subject: Re: >> [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic >> potential >> >> >> >> >> >> Just to >> correct a very important information about the vector of >> Visceral leishmaniasis, it is definitely not a mosquito, it >> is a sand fly of the genus Lutzomyia as mentioned >> correctly below or a Phlebotomus. The environmental or >> climatic changes that affect mosquitoes might have affected >> the sand flies and lead to the emergence of the >> disease. >> >> >> >> >> Prof. Laila >> Nimri >> >> >> >> >> From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br >> [leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] >> On Behalf Of fred opperdoes [fred.opperdoes at uclouvain.be] >> >> Sent: >> Thursday, February 26, 2009 8:21 AM >> To: Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br >> >> Subject: >> [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic >> potential >> >> >> Date: >> Wed, 25 Feb 2009 21:23:15 -0500 >> (EST) >> >> From: ProMED-mail >> Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis - Argentina: >> epidemic potential >> >> >> LEISHMANIASIS - ARGENTINA: EPIDEMIC POTENTIAL >> *********************************************** >> A ProMED-mail post >> >> >> ProMED-mail is a program of the >> International Society for Infectious Diseases >> >> >> Date: Tue 24 Feb 2009 >> >> Source: Datachaco.com [trans. Mod JGM, >> edited] >> >> >> >> The occurrence of cases of yellow fever made people >> pay attention to >> >> mosquito-borne diseases, and dengue fever, which is >> currently >> attacking with unusual strength in Paraguay, set >> another alarm in >> Chaco, Corrientes, and Misiones provinces, which >> share borders with >> >> Paraguay and Bolivia. >> >> However, a new emerging disease has become the main >> epidemic threat >> in Argentina: Visceral leishmaniasis. This little >> known disease is >> >> being analyzed now as a cause for a sanitary red >> alert in Argentina. >> >> Visceral leishmaniasis is also >> caused by a >> mosquito-borne >> parasite. >> >> There is no vaccine for this disease, and therapy is >> instituted only >> once a case is clearly defined. Its mortality rate is >> around 8 per >> cent, and it has a particular feature: Dogs may act >> as reservoirs for >> >> the parasite. >> >> A summary of the life cycle of the parasite indicates >> that >> _Lutzomyia_ >> insects >> infect >> dogs. These animals develop the >> disease >> >> and transmit the parasite to another insect vector, >> which now is >> capable of transmitting visceral leishmaniasis to >> humans. There is no >> human-to-human transmission. >> >> Since the very 1st case was reported in 2006, 36 >> persons have been >> >> affected, and there are 4 deceased patients. The >> possibility of a >> rapid increase in the number of cases is a reason for >> concern. >> >> Last week 2 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were >> reported in Posadas. >> >> One is an 18-year-old woman, and the other is a >> 21-year-old man, who >> separately developed the symptoms of the disease. >> Some personnel from >> the army are currently collaborating with municipal >> authorities in >> >> Posadas for cleaning wastelands, which >> are considered breeding places >> for insect vectors. >> >> This health problem has become quite dangerous and >> important in the >> >> main cities in Misiones province, and specialists >> warn that the >> disease may reach other provinces in the short >> term. >> >> "We are observing that the vector is spreading >> fast, and 2 corridors >> >> have been established, one directing towards >> Resistencia and the >> other one towards Corrientes. Also, the northern area >> of Entre Rios, >> as well as Santa Fe, and Cordoba are vulnerable >> places. The mosquito >> >> vector for visceral >> leishmaniasis has become an >> urban-living insect, >> >> so there is a substantial risk for its presence in >> big urban >> centers," explained Dr. Daniel Salomon, from the >> National Center for >> Epidemics in Argentina's Ministry of >> Health. >> >> >> "It is quite difficult to implement preventive >> measures, because >> people are so in love with their pets," >> commented Dr. Salomon. There >> are very few options for controlling the spread of >> the disease apart >> >> from sacrificing sick animals. >> >> In 2004, the 1st dog infected with the causative >> agent of visceral >> leishmaniasis was detected. When 40 cases were >> reported in Misiones >> province, the Ministry of Health issued a red alert. >> Nonetheless, the >> >> current situation is much worse. In Posadas, it was >> determined that >> 7000 dogs actually have the parasite. Additionally, >> there are 300 >> infected dogs in Corrientes, and it is worth >> mentioning that in its >> >> capital city, there are thousands of homeless dogs >> considered to be >> infected with the parasite. >> >> The analysis of the experience from Brazil and >> Paraguay indicates >> that there is a probability of having one person >> infected for every >> >> 60 infected dogs. There is a high risk for an >> epidemic. >> >> Sanitary authorities recommend that pets must not be >> carried to the >> areas considered to be at risk. It is also advisable >> not to transport >> >> dogs from the affected regions to other areas in the >> country. The >> idea is to cut the transmission cycle of the >> parasite. Those persons >> who may visit the northern part of Argentina must be >> immunized >> >> against yellow fever as an ordinary preventive >> measure, and they must >> leave their pets at home as an additional preventive >> measure. >> >> "Visceral leishmaniasis was present in the >> northern part of South >> >> America until migrating workers started moving it towards >> the south. >> In early 2000, there were some important outbreaks in >> Campo Grande do >> Sul and in Asuncion, where the average number of >> persons infected is >> >> around 70 per year. In Brazil there are around 4000 >> cases and 200 >> deaths per year," pointed out Dr. Salomon, who >> had been doing some >> field work during the past few weeks in the Litoral >> provinces. >> >> >> He also added: "There is a trend for an increase >> in visceral >> leishmaniasis, so the disease may spread, and it is >> expected to have >> more cases." >> >> Climate changes and deforesting seem to be the main >> explanations for >> >> the migration of >> mosquito-borne >> diseases. However, trying >> to justify >> >> the occurrence of emergent diseases only because of >> reasons inherent >> to nature itself may exonerate provincial and >> municipal authorities >> for not complying with their obligations with respect >> to the >> >> implementation of disease control programs and >> cleaning empty lots. >> >> Consequently, now there are many public accusations >> between Misiones, >> Corrientes, and Chaco health officers. >> These persons, now that there >> >> are cases of visceral leishmaniasis, immediately try >> to explain that >> transmission may have taken place outside their >> respective >> jurisdictions. The clear point is that the >> mosquito >> vector >> appears >> >> because of lack of public hygiene. >> >> - -- >> Communicated by: >> ProMED-mail >> >> >> [Leishmaniasis has been slowly spreading in northern >> Argentina over >> the past decades (Salomon O et al. First visceral >> leishmaniasis focus >> in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. >> 2008;103:109-11 >> >> >> >> ). >> >> >> The ecology of the vector has been changing, and >> increasing >> urbanization has been suggested as one of the >> explanations (Salomon >> OD et >> al. Phlebotominae (Diptera: >> Psycodidae) fauna in the Chaco >> >> region and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis transmission patterns in Argentina. >> Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:578-84 >> ). >> >> - >> Mod.EP] >> _______________________________________________ >> Leish-l mailing list >> Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br >> >> http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l >> >> >> >> >> -- >> Dr. Carlos Henrique Nery Costa. >> >> Coordenador Executivo - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia >> Diretor Geral - Instituto de Doen?as Tropicais Natan >> Portella >> Universidade Federal do Piau? >> Rua Artur de Vasconcelos 151-Sul >> 64.001-450 Teresina-PI >> Brasil >> >> Telefones: IDTNP:+55 86 3221-3413; >> Celular: +55 86 9985-6132; Fax: +55 86 3222-3248 >> >> >> -----Inline Attachment Follows----- >> >> _______________________________________________ >> Leish-l mailing list >> Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br >> http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l >> > > > Get perfect Email ID for your Resume. Grab now > http://in.promos.yahoo.com/address > >_______________________________________________ >Leish-l mailing list >Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br >http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l > -- Professor Jenefer M. Blackwell Honorary Senior Scientist and Affiliated PI Cambridge Institute for Medical Research Wellcome Trust/MRC Building Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK Email: jmb37 at cam.ac.uk Contact details in Australia: Professor Jenefer M. Blackwell Head, Division of Genetics and Health Telethon Institute for Child Health Research 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco Western Australia, 6008 (GPO Box 855, West Perth, WA 6872) Tel +61 (08) 9489 7910 Fax +61 (08) 9489 7700 Email jblackwell at ichr.uwa.edu.au From KwangPoo.Chang at rosalindfranklin.edu Fri Mar 27 09:29:31 2009 From: KwangPoo.Chang at rosalindfranklin.edu (Chang, Kwang-Poo) Date: Fri, 27 Mar 2009 07:29:31 -0500 Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential References: <751733.76072.qm@web94807.mail.in2.yahoo.com> Message-ID: Steve and Bob are indeed correct ! KP ________________________________ From: neena goyal [mailto:neenacdri at yahoo.com] Sent: Fri 3/27/2009 5:23 AM To: Jenefer M. Blackwell Cc: Chang, Kwang-Poo; Carlos Costa; fred opperdoes; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential I agree Thanks Neena --- On Fri, 27/3/09, Jenefer M. Blackwell wrote: > From: Jenefer M. Blackwell > Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > To: "neena goyal" > Cc: "Kwang-PooChang" , "Carlos Costa" , "fred opperdoes" , Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > Date: Friday, 27 March, 2009, 6:15 AM > It seems from all the previous emails > that you are wrong! > > Steve and Bob seem to have come up with the right answer. > > Cheers all, Jennie > > On Mar 26 2009, neena goyal wrote: > > > > > To all, > > I think the right word is 'sandfly' not sand fly > > Neena > > > > --- On Wed, 25/3/09, Carlos Costa > wrote: > > > >> From: Carlos Costa > Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic > potential To: "Chang, Kwang-Poo" > Cc: "fred opperdoes" , > Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp..br > Date: Wednesday, 25 March, 2009, 1:16 AM To: > all By the way, what is the right English > writing: sand fly or sandfly? Is it a matter of England vs. > US? Carlos H. > >> > >> > >> 2009/3/21 Chang, Kwang-Poo > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> To: > >> Prof. Laila Nimri and all > >> The > >> issue appears to be a language translation > problem. I was > >> told that all blood sucking flies are referred to > as > >> "mosquito" in Spanish. > >> > >> KP > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br > >> [mailto:leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] > >> On Behalf Of > >> Laila Nimri > >> > >> Sent: > >> Thursday, February 26, 2009 1:53 AM > >> To: fred > >> opperdoes; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > >> > >> Subject: Re: > >> [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic > >> potential > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> Just to > >> correct a very important information about the > vector of > >> Visceral leishmaniasis, it is definitely not a > mosquito, it > >> is a sand fly of the genus Lutzomyia as mentioned > >> correctly below or a Phlebotomus. The > environmental or > >> climatic changes that affect mosquitoes might have > affected > >> the sand flies and lead to the emergence of the > >> disease. > >> > >> > >> > >> Prof. Laila > >> Nimri > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br > >> [leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] > >> On Behalf Of fred opperdoes [fred.opperdoes at uclouvain.be] > >> > >> Sent: > >> Thursday, February 26, 2009 8:21 AM > >> To: Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > >> > >> Subject: > >> [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic > >> potential > >> > >> > >> Date: > >> Wed, 25 Feb 2009 21:23:15 -0500 > >> (EST) > >> > >> From: ProMED-mail > >> Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis - > Argentina: > >> epidemic potential > >> > >> > >> LEISHMANIASIS - ARGENTINA: EPIDEMIC POTENTIAL > >> *********************************************** > >> A ProMED-mail post > >> > > >> > >> ProMED-mail is a program of the > >> International Society for Infectious Diseases > >> > > >> > >> Date: Tue 24 Feb 2009 > >> > >> Source: Datachaco.com [trans. Mod JGM, > >> edited] > >> > >> > >> > >> The occurrence of cases of yellow fever made > people > >> pay attention to > >> mosquito-borne diseases, and dengue fever, which > is > >> currently attacking with unusual strength in > Paraguay, set > >> another alarm in Chaco, Corrientes, and Misiones > provinces, which > >> share borders with > >> Paraguay and Bolivia. > >> > >> However, a new emerging disease has become the > main > >> epidemic threat in Argentina: Visceral > leishmaniasis. This little > >> known disease is > >> being analyzed now as a cause for a sanitary red > >> alert in Argentina. > >> > >> Visceral leishmaniasis is also > >> caused by a > >> mosquito-borne > >> parasite. > >> There is no vaccine for this disease, and therapy > is > >> instituted only once a case is clearly defined. > Its mortality rate is > >> around 8 per cent, and it has a particular > feature: Dogs may act > >> as reservoirs for > >> the parasite. > >> > >> A summary of the life cycle of the parasite > indicates > >> that _Lutzomyia_ > >> insects > >> infect > >> dogs. These animals develop the > >> disease > >> and transmit the parasite to another insect > vector, > >> which now is capable of transmitting visceral > leishmaniasis to > >> humans. There is no human-to-human transmission. > >> > >> Since the very 1st case was reported in 2006, 36 > >> persons have been > >> affected, and there are 4 deceased patients. The > >> possibility of a rapid increase in the number of > cases is a reason for > >> concern. > >> > >> Last week 2 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were > >> reported in Posadas. > >> One is an 18-year-old woman, and the other is a > >> 21-year-old man, who separately developed the > symptoms of the disease. > >> Some personnel from the army are currently > collaborating with municipal > >> authorities in > >> Posadas for cleaning wastelands, which > >> are considered breeding places for insect > vectors. > >> > >> This health problem has become quite dangerous > and > >> important in the > >> main cities in Misiones province, and specialists > >> warn that the disease may reach other provinces in > the short > >> term. > >> > >> "We are observing that the vector is spreading > >> fast, and 2 corridors > >> have been established, one directing towards > >> Resistencia and the other one towards Corrientes. > Also, the northern area > >> of Entre Rios, as well as Santa Fe, and Cordoba > are vulnerable > >> places. The mosquito > >> vector for visceral > >> leishmaniasis has become an > >> urban-living insect, > >> so there is a substantial risk for its presence > in > >> big urban centers," explained Dr. Daniel Salomon, > from the > >> National Center for Epidemics in Argentina's > Ministry of > >> Health. > >> > >> > >> "It is quite difficult to implement preventive > >> measures, because people are so in love with their > pets," > >> commented Dr. Salomon. There are very few options > for controlling the spread of > >> the disease apart > >> from sacrificing sick animals. > >> > >> In 2004, the 1st dog infected with the causative > >> agent of visceral leishmaniasis was detected. When > 40 cases were > >> reported in Misiones province, the Ministry of > Health issued a red alert. > >> Nonetheless, the > >> current situation is much worse. In Posadas, it > was > >> determined that 7000 dogs actually have the > parasite. Additionally, > >> there are 300 infected dogs in Corrientes, and it > is worth > >> mentioning that in its > >> capital city, there are thousands of homeless > dogs > >> considered to be infected with the parasite. > >> > >> The analysis of the experience from Brazil and > >> Paraguay indicates that there is a probability of > having one person > >> infected for every > >> 60 infected dogs. There is a high risk for an > >> epidemic. > >> > >> Sanitary authorities recommend that pets must not > be > >> carried to the areas considered to be at risk. It > is also advisable > >> not to transport > >> dogs from the affected regions to other areas in > the > >> country. The idea is to cut the transmission cycle > of the > >> parasite. Those persons who may visit the northern > part of Argentina must be > >> immunized > >> against yellow fever as an ordinary preventive > >> measure, and they must leave their pets at home as > an additional preventive > >> measure. > >> > >> "Visceral leishmaniasis was present in the > >> northern part of South > >> America until migrating workers started moving it > towards > >> the south. In early 2000, there were some > important outbreaks in > >> Campo Grande do Sul and in Asuncion, where the > average number of > >> persons infected is > >> around 70 per year. In Brazil there are around > 4000 > >> cases and 200 deaths per year," pointed out Dr. > Salomon, who > >> had been doing some field work during the past few > weeks in the Litoral > >> provinces. > >> > >> > >> He also added: "There is a trend for an increase > >> in visceral leishmaniasis, so the disease may > spread, and it is > >> expected to have more cases." > >> > >> Climate changes and deforesting seem to be the > main > >> explanations for > >> the migration of > >> mosquito-borne > >> diseases. However, trying > >> to justify > >> the occurrence of emergent diseases only because > of > >> reasons inherent to nature itself may exonerate > provincial and > >> municipal authorities for not complying with their > obligations with respect > >> to the > >> implementation of disease control programs and > >> cleaning empty lots. > >> > >> Consequently, now there are many public > accusations > >> between Misiones, Corrientes, and Chaco health > officers. > >> These persons, now that there > >> are cases of visceral leishmaniasis, immediately > try > >> to explain that transmission may have taken place > outside their > >> respective jurisdictions. The clear point is that > the > >> mosquito > >> vector > >> appears > >> because of lack of public hygiene. > >> > >> - -- > >> Communicated by: > >> ProMED-mail > >> > >> > >> [Leishmaniasis has been slowly spreading in > northern > >> Argentina over the past decades (Salomon O et al. > First visceral > >> leishmaniasis focus in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo > Cruz. > >> 2008;103:109-11 > >> > >> ). > >> > >> > >> The ecology of the vector has been changing, and > >> increasing urbanization has been suggested as one > of the > >> explanations (Salomon OD et > >> al. Phlebotominae (Diptera: > >> Psycodidae) fauna in the Chaco > >> region and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis transmission > patterns in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. > 2008;103:578-84 ). > >> > >> - > >> Mod.EP] > >> _______________________________________________ > >> Leish-l mailing list > >> Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > >> > >> http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> -- Dr. Carlos Henrique Nery Costa. > >> > >> Coordenador Executivo - Rede Nordeste de > Biotecnologia > >> Diretor Geral - Instituto de Doen?as Tropicais > Natan > >> Portella > >> Universidade Federal do Piau? > >> Rua Artur de Vasconcelos 151-Sul > >> 64.001-450 Teresina-PI Brasil > >> > >> Telefones: IDTNP:+55 86 3221-3413; Celular: +55 86 > 9985-6132; Fax: +55 86 3222-3248 > >> > >> > >> -----Inline Attachment Follows----- > >> > >> _______________________________________________ > >> Leish-l mailing list > >> Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > >> http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l > >> > > > > > > Get perfect Email ID for your > Resume. Grab now http://in.promos.yahoo.com/address > > > > _______________________________________________ > > Leish-l mailing list > > Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > > http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l > > > > -- Professor Jenefer M. Blackwell > Honorary Senior Scientist and Affiliated PI > Cambridge Institute for Medical Research > Wellcome Trust/MRC Building > Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK > Email: jmb37 at cam.ac.uk > > Contact details in Australia: > Professor Jenefer M. Blackwell > Head, Division of Genetics and Health > Telethon Institute for Child Health Research > 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco Western Australia, 6008 > (GPO Box 855, West Perth, WA 6872) > Tel +61 (08) 9489 7910 > Fax +61 (08) 9489 7700 > Email jblackwell at ichr.uwa.edu.au > > > > > Get perfect Email ID for your Resume. Grab now http://in.promos.yahoo.com/address -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lineu.icb.usp.br/pipermail/leish-l/attachments/20090327/6ddd9fec/attachment-0001.htm From neenacdri at yahoo.com Fri Mar 27 07:23:27 2009 From: neenacdri at yahoo.com (neena goyal) Date: Fri, 27 Mar 2009 15:53:27 +0530 (IST) Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential Message-ID: <751733.76072.qm@web94807.mail.in2.yahoo.com> I agree Thanks Neena --- On Fri, 27/3/09, Jenefer M. Blackwell wrote: > From: Jenefer M. Blackwell > Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > To: "neena goyal" > Cc: "Kwang-PooChang" , "Carlos Costa" , "fred opperdoes" , Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > Date: Friday, 27 March, 2009, 6:15 AM > It seems from all the previous emails > that you are wrong! > > Steve and Bob seem to have come up with the right answer. > > Cheers all, Jennie > > On Mar 26 2009, neena goyal wrote: > > > > > To all, > > I think the right word is 'sandfly' not sand fly > > Neena > > > > --- On Wed, 25/3/09, Carlos Costa > wrote: > > > >> From: Carlos Costa > Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic > potential To: "Chang, Kwang-Poo" > Cc: "fred opperdoes" , > Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp..br > Date: Wednesday, 25 March, 2009, 1:16 AM To: > all???By the way, what is the right English > writing: sand fly or sandfly? Is it a matter of England vs. > US????Carlos H. > >> > >> > >> 2009/3/21 Chang, Kwang-Poo > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> To: > >> Prof. Laila Nimri and all > >>? The > >> issue appears to be a language translation > problem. I was > >> told that all blood sucking flies are referred to > as > >> "mosquito" in Spanish. > >> > >>? KP > >>? > >> > >> > >> > >> From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br > >> [mailto:leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] > >> On Behalf Of > >> Laila Nimri > >> > >> Sent: > >> Thursday, February 26, 2009 1:53 AM > >> To: fred > >> opperdoes; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > >> > >> Subject: Re: > >> [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic > >> potential > >> > >> > >> > >>? > >> Just to > >> correct a very important information about the > vector of > >> Visceral leishmaniasis, it is definitely not a > mosquito, it > >> is a sand fly of the genus Lutzomyia as mentioned > >> correctly below or a Phlebotomus. The > environmental or > >> climatic changes that affect mosquitoes might have > affected > >> the sand flies and lead to the emergence of the > >> disease. > >> > >> > >>? > >> Prof. Laila > >> Nimri > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br > >> [leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] > >> On Behalf Of fred opperdoes [fred.opperdoes at uclouvain.be] > >> > >> Sent: > >> Thursday, February 26, 2009 8:21 AM > >> To: Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > >> > >> Subject: > >> [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic > >> potential > >> > >> > >> Date: > >> Wed, 25 Feb 2009 21:23:15 -0500 > >> (EST) > >> > >> From: ProMED-mail > >> Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis - > Argentina: > >> epidemic potential > >> > >> > >> LEISHMANIASIS - ARGENTINA: EPIDEMIC POTENTIAL > >> *********************************************** > >> A ProMED-mail post > >> > >> > >> ProMED-mail is a program of the > >> International Society for Infectious Diseases > >> > >> > >> Date: Tue 24 Feb 2009 > >> > >> Source: Datachaco.com [trans. Mod JGM, > >> edited] > >> > >> > >> > >> The occurrence of cases of yellow fever made > people > >> pay attention to > >> mosquito-borne diseases, and dengue fever, which > is > >> currently attacking with unusual strength in > Paraguay, set > >> another alarm in Chaco, Corrientes, and Misiones > provinces, which > >> share borders with > >> Paraguay and Bolivia. > >> > >> However, a new emerging disease has become the > main > >> epidemic threat in Argentina: Visceral > leishmaniasis. This little > >> known disease is > >> being analyzed now as a cause for a sanitary red > >> alert in Argentina. > >> > >> Visceral leishmaniasis is also > >> caused by a > >> mosquito-borne > >> parasite. > >> There is no vaccine for this disease, and therapy > is > >> instituted only once a case is clearly defined. > Its mortality rate is > >> around 8 per cent, and it has a particular > feature: Dogs may act > >> as reservoirs for > >> the parasite. > >> > >> A summary of the life cycle of the parasite > indicates > >> that _Lutzomyia_ > >> insects > >> infect > >> dogs. These animals develop the > >> disease > >> and transmit the parasite to another insect > vector, > >> which now is capable of transmitting visceral > leishmaniasis to > >> humans. There is no human-to-human transmission. > >> > >> Since the very 1st case was reported in 2006, 36 > >> persons have been > >> affected, and there are 4 deceased patients. The > >> possibility of a rapid increase in the number of > cases is a reason for > >> concern. > >> > >> Last week 2 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were > >> reported in Posadas. > >> One is an 18-year-old woman, and the other is a > >> 21-year-old man, who separately developed the > symptoms of the disease. > >> Some personnel from the army are currently > collaborating with municipal > >> authorities in > >> Posadas for cleaning wastelands, which > >> are considered breeding places for insect > vectors. > >> > >> This health problem has become quite dangerous > and > >> important in the > >> main cities in Misiones province, and specialists > >> warn that the disease may reach other provinces in > the short > >> term. > >> > >> "We are observing that the vector is spreading > >> fast, and 2 corridors > >> have been established, one directing towards > >> Resistencia and the other one towards Corrientes. > Also, the northern area > >> of Entre Rios, as well as Santa Fe, and Cordoba > are vulnerable > >> places. The mosquito > >> vector for visceral > >> leishmaniasis has become an > >> urban-living insect, > >> so there is a substantial risk for its presence > in > >> big urban centers," explained Dr. Daniel Salomon, > from the > >> National Center for Epidemics in Argentina's > Ministry of > >> Health. > >> > >> > >> "It is quite difficult to implement preventive > >> measures, because people are so in love with their > pets," > >> commented Dr. Salomon. There are very few options > for controlling the spread of > >> the disease apart > >> from sacrificing sick animals. > >> > >> In 2004, the 1st dog infected with the causative > >> agent of visceral leishmaniasis was detected. When > 40 cases were > >> reported in Misiones province, the Ministry of > Health issued a red alert. > >> Nonetheless, the > >> current situation is much worse. In Posadas, it > was > >> determined that 7000 dogs actually have the > parasite. Additionally, > >> there are 300 infected dogs in Corrientes, and it > is worth > >> mentioning that in its > >> capital city, there are thousands of homeless > dogs > >> considered to be infected with the parasite. > >> > >> The analysis of the experience from Brazil and > >> Paraguay indicates that there is a probability of > having one person > >> infected for every > >> 60 infected dogs. There is a high risk for an > >> epidemic. > >> > >> Sanitary authorities recommend that pets must not > be > >> carried to the areas considered to be at risk. It > is also advisable > >> not to transport > >> dogs from the affected regions to other areas in > the > >> country. The idea is to cut the transmission cycle > of the > >> parasite. Those persons who may visit the northern > part of Argentina must be > >> immunized > >> against yellow fever as an ordinary preventive > >> measure, and they must leave their pets at home as > an additional preventive > >> measure. > >> > >> "Visceral leishmaniasis was present in the > >> northern part of South > >> America until migrating workers started moving it > towards > >> the south. In early 2000, there were some > important outbreaks in > >> Campo Grande do Sul and in Asuncion, where the > average number of > >> persons infected is > >> around 70 per year. In Brazil there are around > 4000 > >> cases and 200 deaths per year," pointed out Dr. > Salomon, who > >> had been doing some field work during the past few > weeks in the Litoral > >> provinces. > >> > >> > >> He also added: "There is a trend for an increase > >> in visceral leishmaniasis, so the disease may > spread, and it is > >> expected to have more cases." > >> > >> Climate changes and deforesting seem to be the > main > >> explanations for > >> the migration of > >> mosquito-borne > >> diseases. However, trying > >> to justify > >> the occurrence of emergent diseases only because > of > >> reasons inherent to nature itself may exonerate > provincial and > >> municipal authorities for not complying with their > obligations with respect > >> to the > >> implementation of disease control programs and > >> cleaning empty lots. > >> > >> Consequently, now there are many public > accusations > >> between Misiones, Corrientes, and Chaco health > officers. > >> These persons, now that there > >> are cases of visceral leishmaniasis, immediately > try > >> to explain that transmission may have taken place > outside their > >> respective jurisdictions. The clear point is that > the > >> mosquito > >> vector > >> appears > >> because of lack of public hygiene. > >> > >> - -- > >> Communicated by: > >> ProMED-mail > >> > >> > >> [Leishmaniasis has been slowly spreading in > northern > >> Argentina over the past decades (Salomon O et al. > First visceral > >> leishmaniasis focus in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo > Cruz. > >> 2008;103:109-11 > >> > >>???). > >> > >> > >> The ecology of the vector has been changing, and > >> increasing urbanization has been suggested as one > of the > >> explanations (Salomon OD et > >> al. Phlebotominae (Diptera: > >> Psycodidae) fauna in the Chaco > >> region and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis transmission > patterns in? Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. > 2008;103:578-84 ). > >> > >>? - > >> Mod.EP] > >> _______________________________________________ > >> Leish-l mailing list > >> Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > >> > >> http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> -- Dr. Carlos Henrique Nery Costa. > >> > >> Coordenador Executivo - Rede Nordeste de > Biotecnologia > >> Diretor Geral - Instituto de Doen?as Tropicais > Natan > >> Portella > >> Universidade Federal do Piau? > >> Rua Artur de Vasconcelos 151-Sul > >> 64.001-450 Teresina-PI Brasil > >> > >> Telefones: IDTNP:+55 86 3221-3413; Celular: +55 86 > 9985-6132; Fax: +55 86 3222-3248 > >> > >> > >> -----Inline Attachment Follows----- > >> > >> _______________________________________________ > >> Leish-l mailing list > >> Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > >> http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l > >> > > > > > >? ? ? Get perfect Email ID for your > Resume. Grab now http://in.promos.yahoo.com/address > > > > _______________________________________________ > > Leish-l mailing list > > Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > > http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l > > > > -- Professor Jenefer M. Blackwell > Honorary Senior Scientist and Affiliated PI > Cambridge Institute for Medical Research > Wellcome Trust/MRC Building > Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK > Email:? jmb37 at cam.ac.uk > > Contact details in Australia: > Professor Jenefer M. Blackwell > Head, Division of Genetics and Health > Telethon Institute for Child Health Research > 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco Western Australia, 6008? > ? ? (GPO Box 855, West Perth, WA 6872) > Tel +61 (08) 9489 7910 > Fax +61 (08) 9489 7700 > Email jblackwell at ichr.uwa.edu.au > > > > > Get perfect Email ID for your Resume. Grab now http://in.promos.yahoo.com/address From patrick.bastien at univ-montp1.fr Thu Mar 26 14:13:53 2009 From: patrick.bastien at univ-montp1.fr (Patrick Bastien) Date: Thu, 26 Mar 2009 18:13:53 +0100 Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential In-Reply-To: <005a01c9acaa$c848c5c0$1b8e05a0@gordon101> References: <7CE5465F-26A8-4B43-B61F-D96CF0C2A8FF@uclouvain.be> <005a01c9acaa$c848c5c0$1b8e05a0@gordon101> Message-ID: <20090326181353.vc357escge80kk84@webmailum1.univ-montp1.fr> Does this statement include "healthy" (or asymptomatic) carriers ? We (and others in Southern Europe) found a figure around 80% of infected dogs by PCR (including "healthy" carriers). Considering we have 150000 dogs in our region, we should then have 2500 persons infected. We have at most 10 patients per year with VL, perhaps 20 with L. infantum CL (?). So "infected persons" must include healthy carriers. Do we have 2470 healthy carriers in our region ? This is not impossible, as our colleagues from Nice found a reasonable figure of 1.6 % healthy carriers among blood donors in Monaco in 1999 (it should be noted that Spanish authors have then found much greater figures). If this (low) rate is right, this would mean 16000 healthy carriers in our region (that counts 1 million inhabitants) ! i.e. far more than the 2500 expected from the "one person infected for every 60 infected dogs". But !... it also may all depend upon the prevalence of transmission. In France, transmission occurs at low rates and in a very limited period of time in the year. The situation must be different in an area where transmission rates are high and transmission occurs throughout the year. Hoping this brings a piece to the puzzle... Cordialement P. Bastien Professeur Patrick Bastien Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Facult? de M?decine Equipe "M?canismes biologiques fondamentaux des eucaryotes ancestraux" UMR2724 CNRS / Universit? Montpellier 1 / IRD Centre National de R?f?rence des Leishmania 99 rue Auguste Broussonet 34090 Montpellier France Tel: +33(0)499 23 26 78 (sec) or +33(0)467 63 27 51 (direct) Fax: +33(0)499 23 26 62 Gordon Hamilton a ??crit??: > Dear All, > > the article contains the following interesting statement, > > "The analysis of the experience from Brazil and Paraguay indicates > that there is a probability of having one person infected for every > 60 infected dogs" > > does anyone know the source of this information and is it true? > > > many thanks > > > Gordon Hamilton > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: Chang, Kwang-Poo > To: Laila Nimri ; fred opperdoes ; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > Sent: Saturday, March 21, 2009 3:25 PM > Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > > To: Prof. Laila Nimri and all > > > > The issue appears to be a language translation problem. I was told > that all blood sucking flies are referred to as "mosquito" in > Spanish. > > > > KP > > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br > [mailto:leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] On Behalf Of Laila Nimri > Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 1:53 AM > To: fred opperdoes; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > > > Just to correct a very important information about the vector of > Visceral leishmaniasis, it is definitely not a mosquito, it is a > sand fly of the genus Lutzomyia as mentioned correctly below or a > Phlebotomus. The environmental or climatic changes that affect > mosquitoes might have affected the sand flies and lead to the > emergence of the disease. > > > > Prof. Laila Nimri > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br > [leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] On Behalf Of fred opperdoes > [fred.opperdoes at uclouvain.be] > Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 8:21 AM > To: Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2009 21:23:15 -0500 (EST) > From: ProMED-mail > Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > LEISHMANIASIS - ARGENTINA: EPIDEMIC POTENTIAL > *********************************************** > A ProMED-mail post > > ProMED-mail is a program of the > International Society for Infectious Diseases > > > Date: Tue 24 Feb 2009 > Source: Datachaco.com [trans. Mod JGM, edited] > > > > The occurrence of cases of yellow fever made people pay attention to > mosquito-borne diseases, and dengue fever, which is currently > attacking with unusual strength in Paraguay, set another alarm in > Chaco, Corrientes, and Misiones provinces, which share borders with > Paraguay and Bolivia. > > However, a new emerging disease has become the main epidemic threat > in Argentina: Visceral leishmaniasis. This little known disease is > being analyzed now as a cause for a sanitary red alert in Argentina. > > Visceral leishmaniasis is also caused by a mosquito-borne parasite. > There is no vaccine for this disease, and therapy is instituted only > once a case is clearly defined. Its mortality rate is around 8 per > cent, and it has a particular feature: Dogs may act as reservoirs for > the parasite. > > A summary of the life cycle of the parasite indicates that > _Lutzomyia_ insects infect dogs. These animals develop the disease > and transmit the parasite to another insect vector, which now is > capable of transmitting visceral leishmaniasis to humans. There is no > human-to-human transmission. > > Since the very 1st case was reported in 2006, 36 persons have been > affected, and there are 4 deceased patients. The possibility of a > rapid increase in the number of cases is a reason for concern. > > Last week 2 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were reported in Posadas. > One is an 18-year-old woman, and the other is a 21-year-old man, who > separately developed the symptoms of the disease. Some personnel from > the army are currently collaborating with municipal authorities in > Posadas for cleaning wastelands, which are considered breeding places > for insect vectors. > > This health problem has become quite dangerous and important in the > main cities in Misiones province, and specialists warn that the > disease may reach other provinces in the short term. > > "We are observing that the vector is spreading fast, and 2 corridors > have been established, one directing towards Resistencia and the > other one towards Corrientes. Also, the northern area of Entre Rios, > as well as Santa Fe, and Cordoba are vulnerable places. The mosquito > vector for visceral leishmaniasis has become an urban-living insect, > so there is a substantial risk for its presence in big urban > centers," explained Dr. Daniel Salomon, from the National Center for > Epidemics in Argentina's Ministry of Health. > > "It is quite difficult to implement preventive measures, because > people are so in love with their pets," commented Dr. Salomon. There > are very few options for controlling the spread of the disease apart > from sacrificing sick animals. > > In 2004, the 1st dog infected with the causative agent of visceral > leishmaniasis was detected. When 40 cases were reported in Misiones > province, the Ministry of Health issued a red alert. Nonetheless, the > current situation is much worse. In Posadas, it was determined that > 7000 dogs actually have the parasite. Additionally, there are 300 > infected dogs in Corrientes, and it is worth mentioning that in its > capital city, there are thousands of homeless dogs considered to be > infected with the parasite. > > The analysis of the experience from Brazil and Paraguay indicates > that there is a probability of having one person infected for every > 60 infected dogs. There is a high risk for an epidemic. > > Sanitary authorities recommend that pets must not be carried to the > areas considered to be at risk. It is also advisable not to transport > dogs from the affected regions to other areas in the country. The > idea is to cut the transmission cycle of the parasite. Those persons > who may visit the northern part of Argentina must be immunized > against yellow fever as an ordinary preventive measure, and they must > leave their pets at home as an additional preventive measure. > > "Visceral leishmaniasis was present in the northern part of South > America until migrating workers started moving it towards the south. > In early 2000, there were some important outbreaks in Campo Grande do > Sul and in Asuncion, where the average number of persons infected is > around 70 per year. In Brazil there are around 4000 cases and 200 > deaths per year," pointed out Dr. Salomon, who had been doing some > field work during the past few weeks in the Litoral provinces. > > He also added: "There is a trend for an increase in visceral > leishmaniasis, so the disease may spread, and it is expected to have > more cases." > > Climate changes and deforesting seem to be the main explanations for > the migration of mosquito-borne diseases. However, trying to justify > the occurrence of emergent diseases only because of reasons inherent > to nature itself may exonerate provincial and municipal authorities > for not complying with their obligations with respect to the > implementation of disease control programs and cleaning empty lots. > > Consequently, now there are many public accusations between Misiones, > Corrientes, and Chaco health officers. These persons, now that there > are cases of visceral leishmaniasis, immediately try to explain that > transmission may have taken place outside their respective > jurisdictions. The clear point is that the mosquito vector appears > because of lack of public hygiene. > > - -- > Communicated by: > ProMED-mail > > [Leishmaniasis has been slowly spreading in northern Argentina over > the past decades (Salomon O et al. First visceral leishmaniasis focus > in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:109-11 > > ). > > The ecology of the vector has been changing, and increasing > urbanization has been suggested as one of the explanations (Salomon > OD et al. Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psycodidae) fauna in the Chaco > region and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis transmission patterns in > Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:578-84 > > ). > - Mod.EP] > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > > _______________________________________________ > Leish-l mailing list > Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l > "L'archer est un mod?le pour le sage. Quand il a manqu? le milieu de la cible, il en cherche la cause en lui-m?me." Confucius From volf at cesnet.cz Thu Mar 26 10:51:52 2009 From: volf at cesnet.cz (volf at cesnet.cz) Date: Thu, 26 Mar 2009 14:51:52 +0100 Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential In-Reply-To: <2576982445DE46CEBA737EAD6BCC944F@PC> References: <7CE5465F-26A8-4B43-B61F-D96CF0C2A8FF@uclouvain.be> <2a57bf5c0903241246ob3b0334m98ca8a2fa50a23@mail.gmail.com> <2576982445DE46CEBA737EAD6BCC944F@PC> Message-ID: <20090326145152.8vp5s5os21kc0swk@office2.cesnet.cz> I fully agree with Bob and his explanation. This is why I changed from "sandfly" to "sand fly" few years ago. Petr Volf Quoting BobKillick-Kendrick : > The Americans use sand fly. The convention is that two words indicate > a dipteran - eg. sand fly, tsetse fly, horse fly, stable fly etc, - > whereas one word indicates a non-dipteran - eg. mayfly, damselfly, > hoverfly etc. It seems sensible to me and I follow it. [This is > opposed by Chris Schofield. But he works on reduvidbugs > (conenosebugs)!] > Bob Killick-Kendrick > ----- Original Message ----- > From: Carlos Costa > To: Chang, Kwang-Poo > Cc: fred opperdoes ; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > Sent: Tuesday, March 24, 2009 8:46 PM > Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > > To: all > > By the way, what is the right English writing: sand fly or sandfly? > Is it a matter of England vs. US? > > Carlos H. > > > 2009/3/21 Chang, Kwang-Poo > > To: Prof. Laila Nimri and all > > > > The issue appears to be a language translation problem. I was told > that all blood sucking flies are referred to as "mosquito" in Spanish. > > > > KP > > > > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br > [mailto:leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] On Behalf Of Laila Nimri > Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 1:53 AM > To: fred opperdoes; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > > > Just to correct a very important information about the vector of > Visceral leishmaniasis, it is definitely not a mosquito, it is a sand > fly of the genus Lutzomyia as mentioned correctly below or a > Phlebotomus. The environmental or climatic changes that affect > mosquitoes might have affected the sand flies and lead to the > emergence of the disease. > > > > Prof. Laila Nimri > > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br > [leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] On Behalf Of fred opperdoes > [fred.opperdoes at uclouvain.be] > Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 8:21 AM > To: Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2009 21:23:15 -0500 (EST) > From: ProMED-mail > Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > LEISHMANIASIS - ARGENTINA: EPIDEMIC POTENTIAL > *********************************************** > A ProMED-mail post > > ProMED-mail is a program of the > International Society for Infectious Diseases > > > Date: Tue 24 Feb 2009 > Source: Datachaco.com [trans. Mod JGM, edited] > > > > The occurrence of cases of yellow fever made people pay attention to > mosquito-borne diseases, and dengue fever, which is currently > attacking with unusual strength in Paraguay, set another alarm in > Chaco, Corrientes, and Misiones provinces, which share borders with > Paraguay and Bolivia. > > However, a new emerging disease has become the main epidemic threat > in Argentina: Visceral leishmaniasis. This little known disease is > being analyzed now as a cause for a sanitary red alert in Argentina. > > Visceral leishmaniasis is also caused by a mosquito-borne parasite. > There is no vaccine for this disease, and therapy is instituted only > once a case is clearly defined. Its mortality rate is around 8 per > cent, and it has a particular feature: Dogs may act as reservoirs for > the parasite. > > A summary of the life cycle of the parasite indicates that > _Lutzomyia_ insects infect dogs. These animals develop the disease > and transmit the parasite to another insect vector, which now is > capable of transmitting visceral leishmaniasis to humans. There is no > human-to-human transmission. > > Since the very 1st case was reported in 2006, 36 persons have been > affected, and there are 4 deceased patients. The possibility of a > rapid increase in the number of cases is a reason for concern. > > Last week 2 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were reported in Posadas. > One is an 18-year-old woman, and the other is a 21-year-old man, who > separately developed the symptoms of the disease. Some personnel from > the army are currently collaborating with municipal authorities in > Posadas for cleaning wastelands, which are considered breeding places > for insect vectors. > > This health problem has become quite dangerous and important in the > main cities in Misiones province, and specialists warn that the > disease may reach other provinces in the short term. > > "We are observing that the vector is spreading fast, and 2 corridors > have been established, one directing towards Resistencia and the > other one towards Corrientes. Also, the northern area of Entre Rios, > as well as Santa Fe, and Cordoba are vulnerable places. The mosquito > vector for visceral leishmaniasis has become an urban-living insect, > so there is a substantial risk for its presence in big urban > centers," explained Dr. Daniel Salomon, from the National Center for > Epidemics in Argentina's Ministry of Health. > > "It is quite difficult to implement preventive measures, because > people are so in love with their pets," commented Dr. Salomon. There > are very few options for controlling the spread of the disease apart > from sacrificing sick animals. > > In 2004, the 1st dog infected with the causative agent of visceral > leishmaniasis was detected. When 40 cases were reported in Misiones > province, the Ministry of Health issued a red alert. Nonetheless, the > current situation is much worse. In Posadas, it was determined that > 7000 dogs actually have the parasite. Additionally, there are 300 > infected dogs in Corrientes, and it is worth mentioning that in its > capital city, there are thousands of homeless dogs considered to be > infected with the parasite. > > The analysis of the experience from Brazil and Paraguay indicates > that there is a probability of having one person infected for every > 60 infected dogs. There is a high risk for an epidemic. > > Sanitary authorities recommend that pets must not be carried to the > areas considered to be at risk. It is also advisable not to transport > dogs from the affected regions to other areas in the country. The > idea is to cut the transmission cycle of the parasite. Those persons > who may visit the northern part of Argentina must be immunized > against yellow fever as an ordinary preventive measure, and they must > leave their pets at home as an additional preventive measure. > > "Visceral leishmaniasis was present in the northern part of South > America until migrating workers started moving it towards the south. > In early 2000, there were some important outbreaks in Campo Grande do > Sul and in Asuncion, where the average number of persons infected is > around 70 per year. In Brazil there are around 4000 cases and 200 > deaths per year," pointed out Dr. Salomon, who had been doing some > field work during the past few weeks in the Litoral provinces. > > He also added: "There is a trend for an increase in visceral > leishmaniasis, so the disease may spread, and it is expected to have > more cases." > > Climate changes and deforesting seem to be the main explanations for > the migration of mosquito-borne diseases. However, trying to justify > the occurrence of emergent diseases only because of reasons inherent > to nature itself may exonerate provincial and municipal authorities > for not complying with their obligations with respect to the > implementation of disease control programs and cleaning empty lots. > > Consequently, now there are many public accusations between Misiones, > Corrientes, and Chaco health officers. These persons, now that there > are cases of visceral leishmaniasis, immediately try to explain that > transmission may have taken place outside their respective > jurisdictions. The clear point is that the mosquito vector appears > because of lack of public hygiene. > > - -- > Communicated by: > ProMED-mail > > [Leishmaniasis has been slowly spreading in northern Argentina over > the past decades (Salomon O et al. First visceral leishmaniasis focus > in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:109-11 > > ). > > The ecology of the vector has been changing, and increasing > urbanization has been suggested as one of the explanations (Salomon > OD et al. Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psycodidae) fauna in the Chaco > region and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis transmission patterns in > Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:578-84 > > ). > - Mod.EP] > > > _______________________________________________ > Leish-l mailing list > Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l > > > > > > -- > Dr. Carlos Henrique Nery Costa. > Coordenador Executivo - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia > Diretor Geral - Instituto de Doen?as Tropicais Natan Portella > Universidade Federal do Piau? > Rua Artur de Vasconcelos 151-Sul > 64.001-450 Teresina-PI > Brasil > Telefones: IDTNP:+55 86 3221-3413; > Celular: +55 86 9985-6132; Fax: +55 86 3222-3248 > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > > _______________________________________________ > Leish-l mailing list > Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > > > > --- > avast! Antivirus: message Entrant propre. > Base de donn?es des virus (VPS): 090324-0, 24/03/2009 > Test du: 25/03/2009 07:51:04 > avast! - copyright (c) 2000-2009 ALWIL Software. > http://www.avast.com > > > > > > > --- > avast! Antivirus: message Sortant propre. > Base de donn?es des virus (VPS): 090324-0, 24/03/2009 > Test du: 25/03/2009 08:00:33 > avast! - copyright (c) 2000-2009 ALWIL Software. > http://www.avast.com > > > From jeffreyj at usp.br Sun Mar 29 11:53:43 2009 From: jeffreyj at usp.br (jeffreyj at usp.br) Date: Sun, 29 Mar 2009 11:53:43 -0300 Subject: [Leish-l] Fwd: Re: Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential Message-ID: <20090329115343.np7vyqn8ggs8csw8@novowebmail.usp.br> It seems from all the previous emails that you are wrong! Steve and Bob seem to have come up with the right answer. Cheers all, Jennie On Mar 26 2009, neena goyal wrote: > > To all, > I think the right word is 'sandfly' not sand fly > Neena > > --- On Wed, 25/3/09, Carlos Costa wrote: > >> From: Carlos Costa Subject: Re: [Leish-l] >> Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential To: "Chang, >> Kwang-Poo" Cc: "fred >> opperdoes" , Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp..br >> Date: Wednesday, 25 March, 2009, 1:16 AM To: all By the way, what >> is the right English writing: sand fly or sandfly? Is it a matter >> of England vs. US? Carlos H. >> >> >> 2009/3/21 Chang, Kwang-Poo >> >> >> >> >> To: >> Prof. Laila Nimri and all >> The >> issue appears to be a language translation problem. I was >> told that all blood sucking flies are referred to as >> "mosquito" in Spanish. >> >> KP >> From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br >> [mailto:leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] >> On Behalf Of >> Laila Nimri >> >> Sent: >> Thursday, February 26, 2009 1:53 AM >> To: fred >> opperdoes; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br >> >> Subject: Re: >> [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic >> potential >> >> >> >> Just to >> correct a very important information about the vector of >> Visceral leishmaniasis, it is definitely not a mosquito, it >> is a sand fly of the genus Lutzomyia as mentioned >> correctly below or a Phlebotomus. The environmental or >> climatic changes that affect mosquitoes might have affected >> the sand flies and lead to the emergence of the >> disease. >> >> >> Prof. Laila >> Nimri >> >> >> >> >> From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br >> [leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] >> On Behalf Of fred opperdoes [fred.opperdoes at uclouvain.be] >> >> Sent: >> Thursday, February 26, 2009 8:21 AM >> To: Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br >> >> Subject: >> [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic >> potential >> >> >> Date: >> Wed, 25 Feb 2009 21:23:15 -0500 >> (EST) >> >> From: ProMED-mail >> Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis - Argentina: >> epidemic potential >> >> >> LEISHMANIASIS - ARGENTINA: EPIDEMIC POTENTIAL >> *********************************************** >> A ProMED-mail post >> >> >> ProMED-mail is a program of the >> International Society for Infectious Diseases >> >> >> Date: Tue 24 Feb 2009 >> >> Source: Datachaco.com [trans. Mod JGM, >> edited] >> >> >> >> The occurrence of cases of yellow fever made people >> pay attention to mosquito-borne diseases, and dengue fever, which is >> currently attacking with unusual strength in Paraguay, set >> another alarm in Chaco, Corrientes, and Misiones provinces, which >> share borders with Paraguay and Bolivia. >> >> However, a new emerging disease has become the main >> epidemic threat in Argentina: Visceral leishmaniasis. This little >> known disease is being analyzed now as a cause for a sanitary red >> alert in Argentina. >> >> Visceral leishmaniasis is also >> caused by a >> mosquito-borne >> parasite. There is no vaccine for this disease, and therapy is >> instituted only once a case is clearly defined. Its mortality rate is >> around 8 per cent, and it has a particular feature: Dogs may act >> as reservoirs for the parasite. >> >> A summary of the life cycle of the parasite indicates >> that _Lutzomyia_ >> insects >> infect >> dogs. These animals develop the >> disease and transmit the parasite to another insect vector, >> which now is capable of transmitting visceral leishmaniasis to >> humans. There is no human-to-human transmission. >> >> Since the very 1st case was reported in 2006, 36 >> persons have been affected, and there are 4 deceased patients. The >> possibility of a rapid increase in the number of cases is a reason for >> concern. >> >> Last week 2 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were >> reported in Posadas. One is an 18-year-old woman, and the other is a >> 21-year-old man, who separately developed the symptoms of the disease. >> Some personnel from the army are currently collaborating with municipal >> authorities in Posadas for cleaning wastelands, which >> are considered breeding places for insect vectors. >> >> This health problem has become quite dangerous and >> important in the main cities in Misiones province, and specialists >> warn that the disease may reach other provinces in the short >> term. >> >> "We are observing that the vector is spreading >> fast, and 2 corridors have been established, one directing towards >> Resistencia and the other one towards Corrientes. Also, the northern area >> of Entre Rios, as well as Santa Fe, and Cordoba are vulnerable >> places. The mosquito vector for visceral >> leishmaniasis has become an >> urban-living insect, so there is a substantial risk for its presence in >> big urban centers," explained Dr. Daniel Salomon, from the >> National Center for Epidemics in Argentina's Ministry of >> Health. >> >> >> "It is quite difficult to implement preventive >> measures, because people are so in love with their pets," >> commented Dr. Salomon. There are very few options for controlling >> the spread of >> the disease apart from sacrificing sick animals. >> >> In 2004, the 1st dog infected with the causative >> agent of visceral leishmaniasis was detected. When 40 cases were >> reported in Misiones province, the Ministry of Health issued a red alert. >> Nonetheless, the current situation is much worse. In Posadas, it was >> determined that 7000 dogs actually have the parasite. Additionally, >> there are 300 infected dogs in Corrientes, and it is worth >> mentioning that in its capital city, there are thousands of homeless dogs >> considered to be infected with the parasite. >> >> The analysis of the experience from Brazil and >> Paraguay indicates that there is a probability of having one person >> infected for every 60 infected dogs. There is a high risk for an >> epidemic. >> >> Sanitary authorities recommend that pets must not be >> carried to the areas considered to be at risk. It is also advisable >> not to transport dogs from the affected regions to other areas in the >> country. The idea is to cut the transmission cycle of the >> parasite. Those persons who may visit the northern part of Argentina must be >> immunized against yellow fever as an ordinary preventive >> measure, and they must leave their pets at home as an additional preventive >> measure. >> >> "Visceral leishmaniasis was present in the >> northern part of South America until migrating workers started >> moving it towards >> the south. In early 2000, there were some important outbreaks in >> Campo Grande do Sul and in Asuncion, where the average number of >> persons infected is around 70 per year. In Brazil there are around 4000 >> cases and 200 deaths per year," pointed out Dr. Salomon, who >> had been doing some field work during the past few weeks in the Litoral >> provinces. >> >> >> He also added: "There is a trend for an increase >> in visceral leishmaniasis, so the disease may spread, and it is >> expected to have more cases." >> >> Climate changes and deforesting seem to be the main >> explanations for the migration of >> mosquito-borne >> diseases. However, trying >> to justify the occurrence of emergent diseases only because of >> reasons inherent to nature itself may exonerate provincial and >> municipal authorities for not complying with their obligations with respect >> to the implementation of disease control programs and >> cleaning empty lots. >> >> Consequently, now there are many public accusations >> between Misiones, Corrientes, and Chaco health officers. >> These persons, now that there are cases of visceral leishmaniasis, >> immediately try >> to explain that transmission may have taken place outside their >> respective jurisdictions. The clear point is that the >> mosquito >> vector >> appears because of lack of public hygiene. >> >> - -- >> Communicated by: >> ProMED-mail >> >> >> [Leishmaniasis has been slowly spreading in northern >> Argentina over the past decades (Salomon O et al. First visceral >> leishmaniasis focus in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. >> 2008;103:109-11 >> >> >> ). >> >> >> The ecology of the vector has been changing, and >> increasing urbanization has been suggested as one of the >> explanations (Salomon OD et >> al. Phlebotominae (Diptera: >> Psycodidae) fauna in the Chaco region and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis >> transmission patterns in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. >> 2008;103:578-84 >> ). >> >> - >> Mod.EP] >> _______________________________________________ >> Leish-l mailing list >> Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br >> >> http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l >> >> >> >> >> -- >> Dr. Carlos Henrique Nery Costa. >> >> Coordenador Executivo - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia >> Diretor Geral - Instituto de Doen?as Tropicais Natan >> Portella >> Universidade Federal do Piau? >> Rua Artur de Vasconcelos 151-Sul >> 64.001-450 Teresina-PI Brasil >> >> Telefones: IDTNP:+55 86 3221-3413; Celular: +55 86 9985-6132; Fax: >> +55 86 3222-3248 >> >> >> -----Inline Attachment Follows----- >> >> _______________________________________________ >> Leish-l mailing list >> Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br >> http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l >> > > > Get perfect Email ID for your Resume. Grab now > http://in.promos.yahoo.com/address > > _______________________________________________ > Leish-l mailing list > Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l > -- Professor Jenefer M. Blackwell Honorary Senior Scientist and Affiliated PI Cambridge Institute for Medical Research Wellcome Trust/MRC Building Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK Email: jmb37 at cam.ac.uk Contact details in Australia: Professor Jenefer M. Blackwell Head, Division of Genetics and Health Telethon Institute for Child Health Research 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco Western Australia, 6008 (GPO Box 855, West Perth, WA 6872) Tel +61 (08) 9489 7910 Fax +61 (08) 9489 7700 Email jblackwell at ichr.uwa.edu.au _______________________________________________ Leish-l mailing list Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l ----- End forwarded message ----- From saravian at cideim.org.co Mon Mar 30 00:11:04 2009 From: saravian at cideim.org.co (Nancy Gore Saravia) Date: Sun, 29 Mar 2009 22:11:04 -0500 Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential In-Reply-To: <005a01c9acaa$c848c5c0$1b8e05a0@gordon101> References: <7CE5465F-26A8-4B43-B61F-D96CF0C2A8FF@uclouvain.be> <005a01c9acaa$c848c5c0$1b8e05a0@gordon101> Message-ID: <163fbff10903292011l77efdecbs717c117cf2d93508@mail.gmail.com> Dear colleagues, The data and citation for this assertion would be greatly appreciated! Best regards to all, Nancy 2009/3/24 Gordon Hamilton > Dear All, > > the article contains the following interesting statement, > > "The analysis of the experience from Brazil and Paraguay indicates > that there is a probability of having one person infected for every > 60 infected dogs" > > does anyone know the source of this information and is it true? > > > many thanks > > > Gordon Hamilton > > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > *From:* Chang, Kwang-Poo > *To:* Laila Nimri ; fred opperdoes; > Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > *Sent:* Saturday, March 21, 2009 3:25 PM > *Subject:* Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > To: Prof. Laila Nimri and all > > > > The issue appears to be a language translation problem. I was told that all > blood sucking flies are referred to as ?mosquito? in Spanish. > > > > KP > > > ------------------------------ > > *From:* leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br [mailto: > leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] *On Behalf Of *Laila Nimri > *Sent:* Thursday, February 26, 2009 1:53 AM > *To:* fred opperdoes; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > *Subject:* Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > > > Just to correct a very important information about the vector of Visceral > leishmaniasis, it is definitely not a mosquito, it is a sand fly of the > genus *Lutzomyia* as mentioned correctly below or a *Phlebotomus.* The > environmental or climatic changes that affect mosquitoes might have affected > the sand flies and lead to the emergence of the disease. > > > > Prof. Laila Nimri > ------------------------------ > > *From:* leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br [leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] > On Behalf Of fred opperdoes [fred.opperdoes at uclouvain.be] > *Sent:* Thursday, February 26, 2009 8:21 AM > *To:* Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > *Subject:* [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2009 21:23:15 -0500 (EST) > From: ProMED-mail > Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > LEISHMANIASIS - ARGENTINA: EPIDEMIC POTENTIAL > *********************************************** > A ProMED-mail post > > ProMED-mail is a program of the > International Society for Infectious Diseases > > > Date: Tue 24 Feb 2009 > Source: Datachaco.com [trans. Mod JGM, edited] > > > > The occurrence of cases of yellow fever made people pay attention to > mosquito-borne diseases, and dengue fever, which is currently > attacking with unusual strength in Paraguay, set another alarm in > Chaco, Corrientes, and Misiones provinces, which share borders with > Paraguay and Bolivia. > > However, a new emerging disease has become the main epidemic threat > in Argentina: Visceral leishmaniasis. This little known disease is > being analyzed now as a cause for a sanitary red alert in Argentina. > > Visceral leishmaniasis is also *caused by a mosquito-borne parasite*. > There is no vaccine for this disease, and therapy is instituted only > once a case is clearly defined. Its mortality rate is around 8 per > cent, and it has a particular feature: Dogs may act as reservoirs for > the parasite. > > A summary of the life cycle of the parasite indicates that > _*Lutzomyia**_ insects* *infect *dogs. These animals develop the disease > and transmit the parasite to another insect vector, which now is > capable of transmitting visceral leishmaniasis to humans. There is no > human-to-human transmission. > > Since the very 1st case was reported in 2006, 36 persons have been > affected, and there are 4 deceased patients. The possibility of a > rapid increase in the number of cases is a reason for concern. > > Last week 2 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were reported in Posadas. > One is an 18-year-old woman, and the other is a 21-year-old man, who > separately developed the symptoms of the disease. Some personnel from > the army are currently collaborating with municipal authorities in > Posadas for cleaning wastelands, which are considered breeding places > for insect vectors. > > This health problem has become quite dangerous and important in the > main cities in Misiones province, and specialists warn that the > disease may reach other provinces in the short term. > > "We are observing that the vector is spreading fast, and 2 corridors > have been established, one directing towards Resistencia and the > other one towards Corrientes. Also, the northern area of Entre Rios, > as well as Santa Fe, and Cordoba are vulnerable places. The *mosquito ** > vector for visceral leishmaniasis* has become an urban-living insect, > so there is a substantial risk for its presence in big urban > centers," explained Dr. Daniel Salomon, from the National Center for > Epidemics in Argentina's Ministry of Health. > > "It is quite difficult to implement preventive measures, because > people are so in love with their pets," commented Dr. Salomon. There > are very few options for controlling the spread of the disease apart > from sacrificing sick animals. > > In 2004, the 1st dog infected with the causative agent of visceral > leishmaniasis was detected. When 40 cases were reported in Misiones > province, the Ministry of Health issued a red alert. Nonetheless, the > current situation is much worse. In Posadas, it was determined that > 7000 dogs actually have the parasite. Additionally, there are 300 > infected dogs in Corrientes, and it is worth mentioning that in its > capital city, there are thousands of homeless dogs considered to be > infected with the parasite. > > The analysis of the experience from Brazil and Paraguay indicates > that there is a probability of having one person infected for every > 60 infected dogs. There is a high risk for an epidemic. > > Sanitary authorities recommend that pets must not be carried to the > areas considered to be at risk. It is also advisable not to transport > dogs from the affected regions to other areas in the country. The > idea is to cut the transmission cycle of the parasite. Those persons > who may visit the northern part of Argentina must be immunized > against yellow fever as an ordinary preventive measure, and they must > leave their pets at home as an additional preventive measure. > > "Visceral leishmaniasis was present in the northern part of South > America until migrating workers started moving it towards the south. > In early 2000, there were some important outbreaks in Campo Grande do > Sul and in Asuncion, where the average number of persons infected is > around 70 per year. In Brazil there are around 4000 cases and 200 > deaths per year," pointed out Dr. Salomon, who had been doing some > field work during the past few weeks in the Litoral provinces. > > He also added: "There is a trend for an increase in visceral > leishmaniasis, so the disease may spread, and it is expected to have > more cases." > > Climate changes and deforesting seem to be the main explanations for > the migration of *mosquito-borne diseases*. However, trying to justify > the occurrence of emergent diseases only because of reasons inherent > to nature itself may exonerate provincial and municipal authorities > for not complying with their obligations with respect to the > implementation of disease control programs and cleaning empty lots. > > Consequently, now there are many public accusations between Misiones, > Corrientes, and Chaco health officers. These persons, now that there > are cases of visceral leishmaniasis, immediately try to explain that > transmission may have taken place outside their respective > jurisdictions. The clear point is that the *mosquito vector* appears > because of lack of public hygiene. > > - -- > Communicated by: > ProMED-mail > > [Leishmaniasis has been slowly spreading in northern Argentina over > the past decades (Salomon O et al. First visceral leishmaniasis focus > in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:109-11 > < > http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18368242?ordinalpos=9&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum > >). > > The ecology of the vector has been changing, and increasing > urbanization has been suggested as one of the explanations (Salomon > OD *et al*. Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psycodidae) fauna in the Chaco > region and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis transmission patterns in > Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:578-84 > < > http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18949328?ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum > >). > - Mod.EP] > > ------------------------------ > > _______________________________________________ > Leish-l mailing list > Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l > > > _______________________________________________ > Leish-l mailing list > Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l > > -- NANCY GORE SARAVIA Directora Cientif?ca Tel (57)(2) 6682164 ext 208 saravian at cideim.org.co ________________________________________ Corporaci?n CIDEIM Avenida 1 Norte # 3 - 03 Cali - Colombia Tel (57) (2) 6682164 Fax (57) (2) 6672989 www.cideim.org.co ________________________________________ Este mensaje y/o sus anexos son para uso exclusivo de CIDEIM. Puede contener informaci?n legalmente protegida por ser privilegiada o confidencial. Si usted no es el destinatario intencional del mensaje, por favor inf?rmenos de inmediato y elimine el mensaje y sus anexos de su computador y sistema de comunicaciones. Igualmente, le comunicamos que cualquier retenci?n, revisi?n no autorizada, distribuci?n, divulgaci?n, reenv?o, copia, impresi?n, reproducci?n o uso indebido de este mensaje y/o anexos, esta estrictamente prohibida y sancionada legalmente -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lineu.icb.usp.br/pipermail/leish-l/attachments/20090329/389bba14/attachment-0001.htm From Fred.Opperdoes at uclouvain.be Mon Mar 30 03:35:44 2009 From: Fred.Opperdoes at uclouvain.be (fred opperdoes) Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2009 08:35:44 +0200 Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential In-Reply-To: <163fbff10903292011l77efdecbs717c117cf2d93508@mail.gmail.com> References: <7CE5465F-26A8-4B43-B61F-D96CF0C2A8FF@uclouvain.be> <005a01c9acaa$c848c5c0$1b8e05a0@gordon101> <163fbff10903292011l77efdecbs717c117cf2d93508@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: Dear Colleagues, The following text : > "The analysis of the experience from Brazil and Paraguay indicates > that there is a probability of having one person infected for every > 60 infected dogs" > has originally been disseminated on the internet by the Argentinean website DataChaco (http://datachaco.com/noticia.php?numero=17399) on the 2nd of February. DataChaco.com is a news portal in Spanish which belongs to VERONICA P. IRAZOQUI and can be contacted via: Sosa Alejandro Email: alexsx2 at hotmail.com Address: Av.Sarmiento 1616 AR - Resistencia ( zip: 3500 ) Phone : 54 - 3722 The website maintains "content covering social, political, economic, cultural and sport in our province, taking advantage of the universality, immediacy, multimedia and interactivity that the Web offers". The article in Spanish has been picked up by the Promed service (ProMED-mail which had it translated into English after which I distributed it via this mailing list. Hope this gives you sufficient information about the origin of the above statement: Fred On Mar 30, 2009, at 5:11 AM, Nancy Gore Saravia wrote: > Dear colleagues, > The data and citation for this assertion would be greatly appreciated! > Best regards to all, > Nancy > > 2009/3/24 Gordon Hamilton > Dear All, > > the article contains the following interesting statement, > > "The analysis of the experience from Brazil and Paraguay indicates > that there is a probability of having one person infected for every > 60 infected dogs" > > does anyone know the source of this information and is it true? > > > many thanks > > > Gordon Hamilton > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: Chang, Kwang-Poo > To: Laila Nimri ; fred opperdoes ; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > Sent: Saturday, March 21, 2009 3:25 PM > Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > To: Prof. Laila Nimri and all > > > The issue appears to be a language translation problem. I was told > that all blood sucking flies are referred to as ?mosquito? in Spanish. > > > KP > > > From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br [mailto:leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br > ] On Behalf Of Laila Nimri > Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 1:53 AM > To: fred opperdoes; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > > Just to correct a very important information about the vector of > Visceral leishmaniasis, it is definitely not a mosquito, it is a > sand fly of the genus Lutzomyia as mentioned correctly below or a > Phlebotomus. The environmental or climatic changes that affect > mosquitoes might have affected the sand flies and lead to the > emergence of the disease. > > > Prof. Laila Nimri > > From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br [leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br > ] On Behalf Of fred opperdoes [fred.opperdoes at uclouvain.be] > Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 8:21 AM > To: Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > >> Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2009 21:23:15 -0500 (EST) >> From: ProMED-mail >> Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential >> >> LEISHMANIASIS - ARGENTINA: EPIDEMIC POTENTIAL >> *********************************************** >> A ProMED-mail post >> >> ProMED-mail is a program of the >> International Society for Infectious Diseases >> >> >> Date: Tue 24 Feb 2009 >> Source: Datachaco.com [trans. Mod JGM, edited] >> >> >> >> The occurrence of cases of yellow fever made people pay attention to >> mosquito-borne diseases, and dengue fever, which is currently >> attacking with unusual strength in Paraguay, set another alarm in >> Chaco, Corrientes, and Misiones provinces, which share borders with >> Paraguay and Bolivia. >> >> However, a new emerging disease has become the main epidemic threat >> in Argentina: Visceral leishmaniasis. This little known disease is >> being analyzed now as a cause for a sanitary red alert in Argentina. >> >> Visceral leishmaniasis is also caused by a mosquito-borne parasite. >> There is no vaccine for this disease, and therapy is instituted only >> once a case is clearly defined. Its mortality rate is around 8 per >> cent, and it has a particular feature: Dogs may act as reservoirs for >> the parasite. >> >> A summary of the life cycle of the parasite indicates that >> _Lutzomyia_ insects infect dogs. These animals develop the disease >> and transmit the parasite to another insect vector, which now is >> capable of transmitting visceral leishmaniasis to humans. There is no >> human-to-human transmission. >> >> Since the very 1st case was reported in 2006, 36 persons have been >> affected, and there are 4 deceased patients. The possibility of a >> rapid increase in the number of cases is a reason for concern. >> >> Last week 2 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were reported in Posadas. >> One is an 18-year-old woman, and the other is a 21-year-old man, who >> separately developed the symptoms of the disease. Some personnel from >> the army are currently collaborating with municipal authorities in >> Posadas for cleaning wastelands, which are considered breeding places >> for insect vectors. >> >> This health problem has become quite dangerous and important in the >> main cities in Misiones province, and specialists warn that the >> disease may reach other provinces in the short term. >> >> "We are observing that the vector is spreading fast, and 2 corridors >> have been established, one directing towards Resistencia and the >> other one towards Corrientes. Also, the northern area of Entre Rios, >> as well as Santa Fe, and Cordoba are vulnerable places. The mosquito >> vector for visceral leishmaniasis has become an urban-living insect, >> so there is a substantial risk for its presence in big urban >> centers," explained Dr. Daniel Salomon, from the National Center for >> Epidemics in Argentina's Ministry of Health. >> >> "It is quite difficult to implement preventive measures, because >> people are so in love with their pets," commented Dr. Salomon. There >> are very few options for controlling the spread of the disease apart >> from sacrificing sick animals. >> >> In 2004, the 1st dog infected with the causative agent of visceral >> leishmaniasis was detected. When 40 cases were reported in Misiones >> province, the Ministry of Health issued a red alert. Nonetheless, the >> current situation is much worse. In Posadas, it was determined that >> 7000 dogs actually have the parasite. Additionally, there are 300 >> infected dogs in Corrientes, and it is worth mentioning that in its >> capital city, there are thousands of homeless dogs considered to be >> infected with the parasite. >> >> The analysis of the experience from Brazil and Paraguay indicates >> that there is a probability of having one person infected for every >> 60 infected dogs. There is a high risk for an epidemic. >> >> Sanitary authorities recommend that pets must not be carried to the >> areas considered to be at risk. It is also advisable not to transport >> dogs from the affected regions to other areas in the country. The >> idea is to cut the transmission cycle of the parasite. Those persons >> who may visit the northern part of Argentina must be immunized >> against yellow fever as an ordinary preventive measure, and they must >> leave their pets at home as an additional preventive measure. >> >> "Visceral leishmaniasis was present in the northern part of South >> America until migrating workers started moving it towards the south. >> In early 2000, there were some important outbreaks in Campo Grande do >> Sul and in Asuncion, where the average number of persons infected is >> around 70 per year. In Brazil there are around 4000 cases and 200 >> deaths per year," pointed out Dr. Salomon, who had been doing some >> field work during the past few weeks in the Litoral provinces. >> >> He also added: "There is a trend for an increase in visceral >> leishmaniasis, so the disease may spread, and it is expected to have >> more cases." >> >> Climate changes and deforesting seem to be the main explanations for >> the migration of mosquito-borne diseases. However, trying to justify >> the occurrence of emergent diseases only because of reasons inherent >> to nature itself may exonerate provincial and municipal authorities >> for not complying with their obligations with respect to the >> implementation of disease control programs and cleaning empty lots. >> >> Consequently, now there are many public accusations between Misiones, >> Corrientes, and Chaco health officers. These persons, now that there >> are cases of visceral leishmaniasis, immediately try to explain that >> transmission may have taken place outside their respective >> jurisdictions. The clear point is that the mosquito vector appears >> because of lack of public hygiene. >> >> - -- >> Communicated by: >> ProMED-mail >> >> [Leishmaniasis has been slowly spreading in northern Argentina over >> the past decades (Salomon O et al. First visceral leishmaniasis focus >> in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:109-11 >> > >). >> >> The ecology of the vector has been changing, and increasing >> urbanization has been suggested as one of the explanations (Salomon >> OD et al. Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psycodidae) fauna in the Chaco >> region and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis transmission patterns in >> Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:578-84 >> > >). >> - Mod.EP] >> > > > > _______________________________________________ > Leish-l mailing list > > Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l > > > > _______________________________________________ > Leish-l mailing list > Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l > > > > > -- > NANCY GORE SARAVIA > Directora Cientif?ca > Tel (57)(2) 6682164 ext 208 > saravian at cideim.org.co > ________________________________________ > Corporaci?n CIDEIM > Avenida 1 Norte # 3 - 03 > Cali - Colombia > Tel (57) (2) 6682164 > Fax (57) (2) 6672989 > www.cideim.org.co > > > ________________________________________ > Este mensaje y/o sus anexos son para uso exclusivo de CIDEIM. Puede > contener informaci?n legalmente protegida por ser privilegiada o > confidencial. Si usted no es el destinatario intencional del > mensaje, por favor inf?rmenos de inmediato y elimine el mensaje y > sus anexos de su computador y sistema de comunicaciones. Igualmente, > le comunicamos que cualquier retenci?n, revisi?n no autorizada, > distribuci?n, divulgaci?n, reenv?o, copia, impresi?n, reproducci?n o > uso indebido de este mensaje y/o anexos, esta estrictamente > prohibida y sancionada legalmente > _______________________________________________ > Leish-l mailing list > Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lineu.icb.usp.br/pipermail/leish-l/attachments/20090330/fce027c7/attachment-0001.htm From cbrisola at mbox1.ufsc.br Mon Mar 30 08:32:50 2009 From: cbrisola at mbox1.ufsc.br (Carlos Brisola Marcondes) Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2009 08:32:50 -0300 Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential References: <7CE5465F-26A8-4B43-B61F-D96CF0C2A8FF@uclouvain.be><005a01c9acaa$c848c5c0$1b8e05a0@gordon101> <20090326181353.vc357escge80kk84@webmailum1.univ-montp1.fr> Message-ID: <002e01c9b12b$41d9e980$7385a296@user9180b5f6a6> Dear sir, it should be noticed that the proportion of human/dog infected certainly is very influenced by the preference of sand flies for biting on humans vs. dogs. Are there comparisons in Americas and Europe? Does anyone disagree? Sincerely yours Carlos Brisola Marcondes Florian?polis (SC) Brazil ----- Original Message ----- From: "Patrick Bastien" To: "Gordon Hamilton" Cc: "fred opperdoes" ; ; "Chang, Kwang-Poo" Sent: Thursday, March 26, 2009 2:13 PM Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential Does this statement include "healthy" (or asymptomatic) carriers ? We (and others in Southern Europe) found a figure around 80% of infected dogs by PCR (including "healthy" carriers). Considering we have 150000 dogs in our region, we should then have 2500 persons infected. We have at most 10 patients per year with VL, perhaps 20 with L. infantum CL (?). So "infected persons" must include healthy carriers. Do we have 2470 healthy carriers in our region ? This is not impossible, as our colleagues from Nice found a reasonable figure of 1.6 % healthy carriers among blood donors in Monaco in 1999 (it should be noted that Spanish authors have then found much greater figures). If this (low) rate is right, this would mean 16000 healthy carriers in our region (that counts 1 million inhabitants) ! i.e. far more than the 2500 expected from the "one person infected for every 60 infected dogs". But !... it also may all depend upon the prevalence of transmission. In France, transmission occurs at low rates and in a very limited period of time in the year. The situation must be different in an area where transmission rates are high and transmission occurs throughout the year. Hoping this brings a piece to the puzzle... Cordialement P. Bastien Professeur Patrick Bastien Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Facult? de M?decine Equipe "M?canismes biologiques fondamentaux des eucaryotes ancestraux" UMR2724 CNRS / Universit? Montpellier 1 / IRD Centre National de R?f?rence des Leishmania 99 rue Auguste Broussonet 34090 Montpellier France Tel: +33(0)499 23 26 78 (sec) or +33(0)467 63 27 51 (direct) Fax: +33(0)499 23 26 62 Gordon Hamilton a ??crit? : > Dear All, > > the article contains the following interesting statement, > > "The analysis of the experience from Brazil and Paraguay indicates > that there is a probability of having one person infected for every > 60 infected dogs" > > does anyone know the source of this information and is it true? > > > many thanks > > > Gordon Hamilton > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: Chang, Kwang-Poo > To: Laila Nimri ; fred opperdoes ; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > Sent: Saturday, March 21, 2009 3:25 PM > Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > > To: Prof. Laila Nimri and all > > > > The issue appears to be a language translation problem. I was told > that all blood sucking flies are referred to as "mosquito" in > Spanish. > > > > KP > > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br > [mailto:leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] On Behalf Of Laila Nimri > Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 1:53 AM > To: fred opperdoes; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > > > Just to correct a very important information about the vector of > Visceral leishmaniasis, it is definitely not a mosquito, it is a > sand fly of the genus Lutzomyia as mentioned correctly below or a > Phlebotomus. The environmental or climatic changes that affect > mosquitoes might have affected the sand flies and lead to the > emergence of the disease. > > > > Prof. Laila Nimri > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br > [leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] On Behalf Of fred opperdoes > [fred.opperdoes at uclouvain.be] > Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 8:21 AM > To: Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2009 21:23:15 -0500 (EST) > From: ProMED-mail > Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > LEISHMANIASIS - ARGENTINA: EPIDEMIC POTENTIAL > *********************************************** > A ProMED-mail post > > ProMED-mail is a program of the > International Society for Infectious Diseases > > > Date: Tue 24 Feb 2009 > Source: Datachaco.com [trans. Mod JGM, edited] > > > > The occurrence of cases of yellow fever made people pay attention to > mosquito-borne diseases, and dengue fever, which is currently > attacking with unusual strength in Paraguay, set another alarm in > Chaco, Corrientes, and Misiones provinces, which share borders with > Paraguay and Bolivia. > > However, a new emerging disease has become the main epidemic threat > in Argentina: Visceral leishmaniasis. This little known disease is > being analyzed now as a cause for a sanitary red alert in Argentina. > > Visceral leishmaniasis is also caused by a mosquito-borne parasite. > There is no vaccine for this disease, and therapy is instituted only > once a case is clearly defined. Its mortality rate is around 8 per > cent, and it has a particular feature: Dogs may act as reservoirs for > the parasite. > > A summary of the life cycle of the parasite indicates that > _Lutzomyia_ insects infect dogs. These animals develop the disease > and transmit the parasite to another insect vector, which now is > capable of transmitting visceral leishmaniasis to humans. There is no > human-to-human transmission. > > Since the very 1st case was reported in 2006, 36 persons have been > affected, and there are 4 deceased patients. The possibility of a > rapid increase in the number of cases is a reason for concern. > > Last week 2 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were reported in Posadas. > One is an 18-year-old woman, and the other is a 21-year-old man, who > separately developed the symptoms of the disease. Some personnel from > the army are currently collaborating with municipal authorities in > Posadas for cleaning wastelands, which are considered breeding places > for insect vectors. > > This health problem has become quite dangerous and important in the > main cities in Misiones province, and specialists warn that the > disease may reach other provinces in the short term. > > "We are observing that the vector is spreading fast, and 2 corridors > have been established, one directing towards Resistencia and the > other one towards Corrientes. Also, the northern area of Entre Rios, > as well as Santa Fe, and Cordoba are vulnerable places. The mosquito > vector for visceral leishmaniasis has become an urban-living insect, > so there is a substantial risk for its presence in big urban > centers," explained Dr. Daniel Salomon, from the National Center for > Epidemics in Argentina's Ministry of Health. > > "It is quite difficult to implement preventive measures, because > people are so in love with their pets," commented Dr. Salomon. There > are very few options for controlling the spread of the disease apart > from sacrificing sick animals. > > In 2004, the 1st dog infected with the causative agent of visceral > leishmaniasis was detected. When 40 cases were reported in Misiones > province, the Ministry of Health issued a red alert. Nonetheless, the > current situation is much worse. In Posadas, it was determined that > 7000 dogs actually have the parasite. Additionally, there are 300 > infected dogs in Corrientes, and it is worth mentioning that in its > capital city, there are thousands of homeless dogs considered to be > infected with the parasite. > > The analysis of the experience from Brazil and Paraguay indicates > that there is a probability of having one person infected for every > 60 infected dogs. There is a high risk for an epidemic. > > Sanitary authorities recommend that pets must not be carried to the > areas considered to be at risk. It is also advisable not to transport > dogs from the affected regions to other areas in the country. The > idea is to cut the transmission cycle of the parasite. Those persons > who may visit the northern part of Argentina must be immunized > against yellow fever as an ordinary preventive measure, and they must > leave their pets at home as an additional preventive measure. > > "Visceral leishmaniasis was present in the northern part of South > America until migrating workers started moving it towards the south. > In early 2000, there were some important outbreaks in Campo Grande do > Sul and in Asuncion, where the average number of persons infected is > around 70 per year. In Brazil there are around 4000 cases and 200 > deaths per year," pointed out Dr. Salomon, who had been doing some > field work during the past few weeks in the Litoral provinces. > > He also added: "There is a trend for an increase in visceral > leishmaniasis, so the disease may spread, and it is expected to have > more cases." > > Climate changes and deforesting seem to be the main explanations for > the migration of mosquito-borne diseases. However, trying to justify > the occurrence of emergent diseases only because of reasons inherent > to nature itself may exonerate provincial and municipal authorities > for not complying with their obligations with respect to the > implementation of disease control programs and cleaning empty lots. > > Consequently, now there are many public accusations between Misiones, > Corrientes, and Chaco health officers. These persons, now that there > are cases of visceral leishmaniasis, immediately try to explain that > transmission may have taken place outside their respective > jurisdictions. The clear point is that the mosquito vector appears > because of lack of public hygiene. > > - -- > Communicated by: > ProMED-mail > > [Leishmaniasis has been slowly spreading in northern Argentina over > the past decades (Salomon O et al. First visceral leishmaniasis focus > in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:109-11 > > ). > > The ecology of the vector has been changing, and increasing > urbanization has been suggested as one of the explanations (Salomon > OD et al. Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psycodidae) fauna in the Chaco > region and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis transmission patterns in > Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:578-84 > > ). > - Mod.EP] > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > > _______________________________________________ > Leish-l mailing list > Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l > "L'archer est un mod?le pour le sage. Quand il a manqu? le milieu de la cible, il en cherche la cause en lui-m?me." Confucius _______________________________________________ Leish-l mailing list Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l From patrick.bastien at univ-montp1.fr Mon Mar 30 09:20:45 2009 From: patrick.bastien at univ-montp1.fr (Patrick Bastien) Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2009 14:20:45 +0200 Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential In-Reply-To: <002e01c9b12b$41d9e980$7385a296@user9180b5f6a6> References: <7CE5465F-26A8-4B43-B61F-D96CF0C2A8FF@uclouvain.be><005a01c9acaa$c848c5c0$1b8e05a0@gordon101> <20090326181353.vc357escge80kk84@webmailum1.univ-montp1.fr> <002e01c9b12b$41d9e980$7385a296@user9180b5f6a6> Message-ID: <20090330142045.veen703pwu804cok@webmailum1.univ-montp1.fr> Dear colleague, You are perfectly right. This is one of the parameters I was including in the more general term : prevalence rate (could be "dynamics") of transmission. Best wishes P. Bastien Carlos Brisola Marcondes a ??crit??: > Dear sir, > it should be noticed that the proportion of human/dog infected > certainly is very influenced by the preference of sand flies for biting > on humans vs. dogs. Are there comparisons in Americas and Europe? > Does anyone disagree? > > Sincerely yours > Carlos Brisola Marcondes > Florian?polis (SC) > Brazil > ----- Original Message ----- From: "Patrick Bastien" > > To: "Gordon Hamilton" > Cc: "fred opperdoes" ; > ; "Chang, Kwang-Poo" > > Sent: Thursday, March 26, 2009 2:13 PM > Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > > Does this statement include "healthy" (or asymptomatic) carriers ? > > We (and others in Southern Europe) found a figure around 80% of > infected dogs by PCR (including "healthy" carriers). Considering we > have 150000 dogs in our region, we should then have 2500 persons > infected. We have at most 10 patients per year with VL, perhaps 20 > with L. infantum CL (?). > So "infected persons" must include healthy carriers. > Do we have 2470 healthy carriers in our region ? This is not > impossible, as our colleagues from Nice found a reasonable figure of > 1.6 % healthy carriers among blood donors in Monaco in 1999 (it should > be noted that Spanish authors have then found much greater figures). > If this (low) rate is right, this would mean 16000 healthy carriers in > our region (that counts 1 million inhabitants) ! i.e. far more than > the 2500 expected from the "one person infected for every 60 infected > dogs". > But !... it also may all depend upon the prevalence of transmission. > In France, transmission occurs at low rates and in a very limited > period of time in the year. The situation must be different in an area > where transmission rates are high and transmission occurs throughout > the year. > > Hoping this brings a piece to the puzzle... > > Cordialement > P. Bastien > > Professeur Patrick Bastien > Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Facult? de M?decine > Equipe "M?canismes biologiques fondamentaux des eucaryotes ancestraux" > UMR2724 CNRS / Universit? Montpellier 1 / IRD > Centre National de R?f?rence des Leishmania > 99 rue Auguste Broussonet > 34090 Montpellier > France > Tel: +33(0)499 23 26 78 (sec) or +33(0)467 63 27 51 (direct) > Fax: +33(0)499 23 26 62 > > > Gordon Hamilton a ??crit? : > >> Dear All, >> >> the article contains the following interesting statement, >> >> "The analysis of the experience from Brazil and Paraguay indicates >> that there is a probability of having one person infected for every >> 60 infected dogs" >> >> does anyone know the source of this information and is it true? >> >> >> many thanks >> >> >> Gordon Hamilton >> >> >> >> ----- Original Message ----- >> From: Chang, Kwang-Poo >> To: Laila Nimri ; fred opperdoes ; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br >> Sent: Saturday, March 21, 2009 3:25 PM >> Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential >> >> >> To: Prof. Laila Nimri and all >> >> >> >> The issue appears to be a language translation problem. I was told >> that all blood sucking flies are referred to as "mosquito" in >> Spanish. >> >> >> >> KP >> >> >> >> >> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ >> >> From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br >> [mailto:leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] On Behalf Of Laila Nimri >> Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 1:53 AM >> To: fred opperdoes; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br >> Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential >> >> >> >> Just to correct a very important information about the vector of >> Visceral leishmaniasis, it is definitely not a mosquito, it is a >> sand fly of the genus Lutzomyia as mentioned correctly below or a >> Phlebotomus. The environmental or climatic changes that affect >> mosquitoes might have affected the sand flies and lead to the >> emergence of the disease. >> >> >> >> Prof. Laila Nimri >> >> >> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ >> >> From: leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br >> [leish-l-bounces at lineu.icb.usp.br] On Behalf Of fred opperdoes >> [fred.opperdoes at uclouvain.be] >> Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 8:21 AM >> To: Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br >> Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential >> >> Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2009 21:23:15 -0500 (EST) >> From: ProMED-mail >> Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential >> >> LEISHMANIASIS - ARGENTINA: EPIDEMIC POTENTIAL >> *********************************************** >> A ProMED-mail post >> >> ProMED-mail is a program of the >> International Society for Infectious Diseases >> >> >> Date: Tue 24 Feb 2009 >> Source: Datachaco.com [trans. Mod JGM, edited] >> >> >> >> The occurrence of cases of yellow fever made people pay attention to >> mosquito-borne diseases, and dengue fever, which is currently >> attacking with unusual strength in Paraguay, set another alarm in >> Chaco, Corrientes, and Misiones provinces, which share borders with >> Paraguay and Bolivia. >> >> However, a new emerging disease has become the main epidemic threat >> in Argentina: Visceral leishmaniasis. This little known disease is >> being analyzed now as a cause for a sanitary red alert in Argentina. >> >> Visceral leishmaniasis is also caused by a mosquito-borne parasite. >> There is no vaccine for this disease, and therapy is instituted only >> once a case is clearly defined. Its mortality rate is around 8 per >> cent, and it has a particular feature: Dogs may act as reservoirs for >> the parasite. >> >> A summary of the life cycle of the parasite indicates that >> _Lutzomyia_ insects infect dogs. These animals develop the disease >> and transmit the parasite to another insect vector, which now is >> capable of transmitting visceral leishmaniasis to humans. There is no >> human-to-human transmission. >> >> Since the very 1st case was reported in 2006, 36 persons have been >> affected, and there are 4 deceased patients. The possibility of a >> rapid increase in the number of cases is a reason for concern. >> >> Last week 2 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were reported in Posadas. >> One is an 18-year-old woman, and the other is a 21-year-old man, who >> separately developed the symptoms of the disease. Some personnel from >> the army are currently collaborating with municipal authorities in >> Posadas for cleaning wastelands, which are considered breeding places >> for insect vectors. >> >> This health problem has become quite dangerous and important in the >> main cities in Misiones province, and specialists warn that the >> disease may reach other provinces in the short term. >> >> "We are observing that the vector is spreading fast, and 2 corridors >> have been established, one directing towards Resistencia and the >> other one towards Corrientes. Also, the northern area of Entre Rios, >> as well as Santa Fe, and Cordoba are vulnerable places. The mosquito >> vector for visceral leishmaniasis has become an urban-living insect, >> so there is a substantial risk for its presence in big urban >> centers," explained Dr. Daniel Salomon, from the National Center for >> Epidemics in Argentina's Ministry of Health. >> >> "It is quite difficult to implement preventive measures, because >> people are so in love with their pets," commented Dr. Salomon. There >> are very few options for controlling the spread of the disease apart >> from sacrificing sick animals. >> >> In 2004, the 1st dog infected with the causative agent of visceral >> leishmaniasis was detected. When 40 cases were reported in Misiones >> province, the Ministry of Health issued a red alert. Nonetheless, the >> current situation is much worse. In Posadas, it was determined that >> 7000 dogs actually have the parasite. Additionally, there are 300 >> infected dogs in Corrientes, and it is worth mentioning that in its >> capital city, there are thousands of homeless dogs considered to be >> infected with the parasite. >> >> The analysis of the experience from Brazil and Paraguay indicates >> that there is a probability of having one person infected for every >> 60 infected dogs. There is a high risk for an epidemic. >> >> Sanitary authorities recommend that pets must not be carried to the >> areas considered to be at risk. It is also advisable not to transport >> dogs from the affected regions to other areas in the country. The >> idea is to cut the transmission cycle of the parasite. Those persons >> who may visit the northern part of Argentina must be immunized >> against yellow fever as an ordinary preventive measure, and they must >> leave their pets at home as an additional preventive measure. >> >> "Visceral leishmaniasis was present in the northern part of South >> America until migrating workers started moving it towards the south. >> In early 2000, there were some important outbreaks in Campo Grande do >> Sul and in Asuncion, where the average number of persons infected is >> around 70 per year. In Brazil there are around 4000 cases and 200 >> deaths per year," pointed out Dr. Salomon, who had been doing some >> field work during the past few weeks in the Litoral provinces. >> >> He also added: "There is a trend for an increase in visceral >> leishmaniasis, so the disease may spread, and it is expected to have >> more cases." >> >> Climate changes and deforesting seem to be the main explanations for >> the migration of mosquito-borne diseases. However, trying to justify >> the occurrence of emergent diseases only because of reasons inherent >> to nature itself may exonerate provincial and municipal authorities >> for not complying with their obligations with respect to the >> implementation of disease control programs and cleaning empty lots. >> >> Consequently, now there are many public accusations between Misiones, >> Corrientes, and Chaco health officers. These persons, now that there >> are cases of visceral leishmaniasis, immediately try to explain that >> transmission may have taken place outside their respective >> jurisdictions. The clear point is that the mosquito vector appears >> because of lack of public hygiene. >> >> - -- >> Communicated by: >> ProMED-mail >> >> [Leishmaniasis has been slowly spreading in northern Argentina over >> the past decades (Salomon O et al. First visceral leishmaniasis focus >> in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:109-11 >> >> ). >> >> The ecology of the vector has been changing, and increasing >> urbanization has been suggested as one of the explanations (Salomon >> OD et al. Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psycodidae) fauna in the Chaco >> region and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis transmission patterns in >> Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:578-84 >> >> ). >> - Mod.EP] >> >> >> >> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ >> >> >> _______________________________________________ >> Leish-l mailing list >> Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br >> http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l >> > > > > "L'archer est un mod?le pour le sage. Quand il a manqu? le milieu de > la cible, > il en cherche la cause en lui-m?me." Confucius > > > _______________________________________________ > Leish-l mailing list > Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l From chncosta at gmail.com Tue Mar 31 14:50:22 2009 From: chncosta at gmail.com (Carlos Costa) Date: Tue, 31 Mar 2009 14:50:22 -0300 Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - sand fly or sandfly or sand-fly? In-Reply-To: <6C0DACBF36E7462B832B3D54E41E259E@Laptop> References: <7CE5465F-26A8-4B43-B61F-D96CF0C2A8FF@uclouvain.be> <2a57bf5c0903241246ob3b0334m98ca8a2fa50a23@mail.gmail.com> <2576982445DE46CEBA737EAD6BCC944F@PC> <1726C08A-7055-44F5-8949-67BB11DAF242@doctors.net.uk> <6C0DACBF36E7462B832B3D54E41E259E@Laptop> Message-ID: <2a57bf5c0903311050i2df77c5dga3e86f2449f47600@mail.gmail.com> Here we are at Atlantis. Balancing well both coasts, we will reach a dynamic equilibrium. Towards a consensus? Carlos H -- Dr. Carlos Henrique Nery Costa. Universidade Federal do Piau? Rua Artur de Vasconcelos 151-Sul 64.001-450 Teresina-PI Brasil Telefones: IDTNP:+55 86 3221-3413; Celular: +55 86 9985-6132; Fax: +55 86 3222-3248 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lineu.icb.usp.br/pipermail/leish-l/attachments/20090331/d22bea73/attachment.htm From a.bryceson at doctors.net.uk Mon Mar 30 21:06:23 2009 From: a.bryceson at doctors.net.uk (Anthony Bryceson) Date: Tue, 31 Mar 2009 01:06:23 +0100 Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - sand fly or sandfly or sand-fly? In-Reply-To: <2576982445DE46CEBA737EAD6BCC944F@PC> References: <7CE5465F-26A8-4B43-B61F-D96CF0C2A8FF@uclouvain.be> <2a57bf5c0903241246ob3b0334m98ca8a2fa50a23@mail.gmail.com> <2576982445DE46CEBA737EAD6BCC944F@PC> Message-ID: <1726C08A-7055-44F5-8949-67BB11DAF242@doctors.net.uk> The academics have spoken, but us lay writers could be forgiven for getting it "wrong". Usage accepts sandfly on this side of the Atlantic. As Bob pointed out the divide between sandfly and sand-fly is the Atlantic Ocean. The Oxford English Dictionary and Collins offer only sandfly, Webster offers only sand fly. Encyclopedia Britannica uses sand fly, but then includes midges and gnats. Wikipedia is utterly confused. Trawling the publications of the famous ento- parasito-logists showed that British journals such as TRSTMH use sandfly, Continental journals mostly use sandfly when publishing in English, but some such as Parassitologia seem a little more flexible and use either. US journals use sand fly, but adopted the style at different times: AJTMH in abut 1983, Science and Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz by about 2000. I found only one sand-fly. So select your journal carefully if you have strong feelings. Anthony Bryceson On 25 Mar 2009, at 07:00, BobKillick-Kendrick wrote: > The Americans use sand fly. The convention is that two words > indicate a dipteran - eg. sand fly, tsetse fly, horse fly, stable > fly etc, - whereas one word indicates a non-dipteran - eg. mayfly, > damselfly, hoverfly etc. It seems sensible to me and I follow it. > [This is opposed by Chris Schofield. But he works on reduvidbugs > (conenosebugs)!] > Bob Killick-Kendrick > ----- Original Message ----- > From: Carlos Costa > To: Chang, Kwang-Poo > Cc: fred opperdoes ; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > Sent: Tuesday, March 24, 2009 8:46 PM > Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential > > To: all > > By the way, what is the right English writing: sand fly or sandfly? > Is it a matter of England vs. US? > > Carlos H. > > 2 > _______________________________________________ > Leish-l mailing list > Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br > http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lineu.icb.usp.br/pipermail/leish-l/attachments/20090331/aac0f5bc/attachment.htm From killickendrick at wanadoo.fr Tue Mar 31 12:38:33 2009 From: killickendrick at wanadoo.fr (killickendrick) Date: Tue, 31 Mar 2009 17:38:33 +0200 Subject: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - sand fly or sandfly or sand-fly? References: <7CE5465F-26A8-4B43-B61F-D96CF0C2A8FF@uclouvain.be> <2a57bf5c0903241246ob3b0334m98ca8a2fa50a23@mail.gmail.com> <2576982445DE46CEBA737EAD6BCC944F@PC> <1726C08A-7055-44F5-8949-67BB11DAF242@doctors.net.uk> Message-ID: <6C0DACBF36E7462B832B3D54E41E259E@Laptop> As usual, Anthony's done his homework before reaching a decision. Very helpful. But, although i was persuaded by my American friends to use two words, let's not treat this too seriously. We all know what we mean and this is not taxonomy (which gets really rough!). Bob K-K ----- Original Message ----- From: Anthony Bryceson To: BobKillick-Kendrick Cc: Carlos Costa ; Chang, Kwang-Poo ; fred opperdoes ; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br Sent: Tuesday, March 31, 2009 2:06 AM Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - sand fly or sandfly or sand-fly? The academics have spoken, but us lay writers could be forgiven for getting it "wrong". Usage accepts sandfly on this side of the Atlantic. As Bob pointed out the divide between sandfly and sand-fly is the Atlantic Ocean. The Oxford English Dictionary and Collins offer only sandfly, Webster offers only sand fly. Encyclopedia Britannica uses sand fly, but then includes midges and gnats. Wikipedia is utterly confused. Trawling the publications of the famous ento- parasito-logists showed that British journals such as TRSTMH use sandfly, Continental journals mostly use sandfly when publishing in English, but some such as Parassitologia seem a little more flexible and use either. US journals use sand fly, but adopted the style at different times: AJTMH in abut 1983, Science and Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz by about 2000. I found only one sand-fly. So select your journal carefully if you have strong feelings. Anthony Bryceson On 25 Mar 2009, at 07:00, BobKillick-Kendrick wrote: The Americans use sand fly. The convention is that two words indicate a dipteran - eg. sand fly, tsetse fly, horse fly, stable fly etc, - whereas one word indicates a non-dipteran - eg. mayfly, damselfly, hoverfly etc. It seems sensible to me and I follow it. [This is opposed by Chris Schofield. But he works on reduvidbugs (conenosebugs)!] Bob Killick-Kendrick ----- Original Message ----- From: Carlos Costa To: Chang, Kwang-Poo Cc: fred opperdoes ; Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br Sent: Tuesday, March 24, 2009 8:46 PM Subject: Re: [Leish-l] Leishmaniasis - Argentina: epidemic potential To: all By the way, what is the right English writing: sand fly or sandfly? Is it a matter of England vs. US? Carlos H. 2 _______________________________________________ Leish-l mailing list Leish-l at lineu.icb.usp.br http://lineu.icb.usp.br/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/leish-l -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lineu.icb.usp.br/pipermail/leish-l/attachments/20090331/95d3c350/attachment.htm From jeffreyj at usp.br Tue Mar 31 17:48:55 2009 From: jeffreyj at usp.br (jeffreyj at usp.br) Date: Tue, 31 Mar 2009 17:48:55 -0300 Subject: [Leish-l] Fwd: Position at Los Andes University Message-ID: <20090331174855.osbkuwbxywwwookw@novowebmail.usp.br> From: Felipe Guhl Nannetti Date: 24/03/2009 15:36 Subject: RE: Position at Los Andes University To: "Ault, Mr. Steven K. (WDC)" , "Lara, Mr. Carlos (WDC)" , "Gil, Dr. Sara (WDC)" gilsara1 at paho.org UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES The Department of Biological Sciences at the Universidad de los Andes (Bogot?, Colombia) seeks to fill a position for a full time assistant or associate professor with formal training and research experience in Parasitology. Applicants must have a Ph.D. degree, preferably with postdoctoral research and teaching experience. Researchers with experience in Molecular Biology and Tropical Parasitology are especially encouraged to apply. The successful candidate is expected to teach and supervise undergraduate and graduate students, and to promote and conduct research projects in the proposed field. Send curriculum vitae, copies of recent publications, a research program, and two letters of recommendation to: Faculty Search Committee Departamento de Ciencias Biol?gicas Universidad de Los Andes Carrera 1 No. 18A-10 P.O. Box 4976 Bogot?, Colombia ccontbio at uniandes.edu.co And please copy to my address: Felipe Guhl Profesor Titular Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Ciencias Biol?gicas Universidad de los Andes, Bogot? , Colombia Carrera 1 No. 18A-10 , Edificio A - CIMPAT - Telefax + 57 1 3324540 Director Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiolog?a y Parasitolog?a Tropical CIMPAT Editor ACTA TROPICA - Elsevier - -- graeff.teixeira at gmail.com is the 1st choice email graeteix at pucrs.br is the alternative email. Prof. Dr. Carlos Graeff Teixeira Laborat?rio de Biologia Parasit?ria, Faculdade de Bioci?ncias da PUCRS Laborat?rio de Parasitologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Biom?dicas da PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brasil. ----- End forwarded message ----- -------------- next part -------------- ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Felipe Guhl Nannetti Date: 24/03/2009 15:36 Subject: RE: Position at Los Andes University To: "Ault, Mr. Steven K. (WDC)" , "Lara, Mr. Carlos (WDC)" , "Gil, Dr. Sara (WDC)" gilsara1 at paho.org UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES The Department of Biological Sciences at the Universidad de los Andes (Bogot?, Colombia) seeks to fill a position for a full time assistant or associate professor with formal training and research experience in Parasitology. Applicants must have a Ph.D. degree, preferably with postdoctoral research and teaching experience. Researchers with experience in Molecular Biology and Tropical Parasitology are especially encouraged to apply. The successful candidate is expected to teach and supervise undergraduate and graduate students, and to promote and conduct research projects in the proposed field. Send curriculum vitae, copies of recent publications, a research program, and two letters of recommendation to: Faculty Search Committee Departamento de Ciencias Biol?gicas Universidad de Los Andes Carrera 1 No. 18A-10 P.O. Box 4976 Bogot?, Colombia ccontbio at uniandes.edu.co And please copy to my address: Felipe Guhl Profesor Titular Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Ciencias Biol?gicas Universidad de los Andes, Bogot? , Colombia Carrera 1 No. 18A-10 , Edificio A - CIMPAT - Telefax + 57 1 3324540 Director Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiolog?a y Parasitolog?a Tropical CIMPAT Editor ACTA TROPICA - Elsevier - -- graeff.teixeira at gmail.com is the 1st choice email graeteix at pucrs.br is the alternative email. Prof. Dr. Carlos Graeff Teixeira Laborat?rio de Biologia Parasit?ria, Faculdade de Bioci?ncias da PUCRS Laborat?rio de Parasitologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Biom?dicas da PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brasil. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://lineu.icb.usp.br/pipermail/leish-l/attachments/20090331/c43569cc/attachment-0001.htm