[leish-l] Fwd: Articles found by RefScout 2006/01/24 - 2006/4

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    Date: Tue, 24 Jan 2006 13:55:43
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REQUEST: [ leishmaniasis ]

(12 articles match this request)



PMID: 16407349
 

TITLE: Evaluation of a new recombinant k39 rapid diagnostic test for sudanese
visceral leishmaniasis.

AUTHORS: Koert Ritmeijer, Yoseph Melaku, Marius Mueller, Sammy Kipngetich,
Caroline O'keeffe, Robert N Davidson

AFFILIATION: Médecins sans Frontières-Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow,
United Kingdom.

REFERENCE: Am J Trop Med Hyg 2006 Jan 74(1):76-80

A new rK39 rapid diagnostic dipstick test (DiaMed-IT-Leish((R))) was 
compared with aspiration and a direct agglutination test (DAT) for 
diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in 201 parasitologically 
confirmed cases, 133 endemic controls, and in 356 clinical suspects in 
disease-endemic and -epidemic areas in Sudan. The sensitivity of the 
rK39 test in parasitologically confirmed VL cases was 90%, whereas the 
specificity in disease-endemic controls was 99%. The sensitivity of the 
DAT was 98%. In clinically suspected cases, the sensitivity of the rK39 
test was 81% and the specificity was 97%. When compared with the 
diagnostic protocol based on the DAT and aspiration used by Médecins 
sans Frontières in epidemic situations, the positive predictive value 
was 98%, and the negative predictive value was 71%. This rK39 rapid 
diagnostic test is suitable for screening as well as diagnosis of VL. 
Further diagnostic work-up of dipstick-negative patients with clinically
 suspected VL is important. The ease and convenience of the dipstick 
test will allow decentralization and improved access to care in disease-
endemic areas in Sudan.








PMID: 16409282
 

TITLE: Comparing the efficiency of topical paromomycin with intralesional
meglumine antimoniate for cutaneous leishmaniasis.

AUTHORS: Zahra Moosavi, Abdolhamid Nakhli, Sima Rassaii

REFERENCE: Int J Dermatol 2005 Dec 44(12):1064-5




PMID: 16402559
 

TITLE: Postglacial dispersal of Phlebotomus perniciosus into France.

AUTHORS: S Perrotey, S S Mahamdallie, B Pesson, K J Richardson, M Gállego, P D
Ready

AFFILIATION: Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université
Louis Pasteur Strasbourg I, Illkirch, France.

REFERENCE: Parasite 2005 Dec 12(4):283-91

Phlebotomus perniciosus was identified morphologically in samples from 
France and northeast Spain, and individuals were then characterized at 
three polymorphic isoenzyme loci (by isoelectrofocusing) and at the 
mitochondrial DNA locus (by comparative DNA sequence analysis of a 
fragment of the Cytochrome b gene). The four polymorphic loci gave 
conflicting patterns of population relationships, which can be explained
 by hypothesizing different amounts of gene introgression at each locus 
when two distinctive lineages met in southern France or northeast Spain 
after isolation in southern Italy and Spain during the Pleistocene Ice 
Ages. P. perniciosus is an important vector of leishmania infantum and 
so these population differentiation studies are relevant for predicting 
the emergence and spread of leishmaniasis in relation to environmental 
changes, including climate.




PMID: 16410957
 

TITLE: Dispersal pattern of the sand fly Lutzomyia neivai (Diptera: Psychodidae)
in a cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic rural area in Southeastern Brazil.

AUTHORS: Cláudio Casanova, Antonio Ip Costa, Delsio Natal

AFFILIATION: Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Mogi Guaçu, SP,
13845-206, Brasil.

REFERENCE: Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2005 Nov 100(7):719-24

The dispersal pattern of the sand fly Lutzomyia neivai was studied 
through mark-release-recapture experiments in an American cutaneous 
leishmaniasis endemic rural area in Southeastern Brazil. Over 6500 
specimens were marked with fluorescent powder and released in forest 
edge and peridomicile habitats from August to November 1999, February 
and April 2000. Recapture attempts were made using Shannon and CDC traps
 up to eight successive nights after releases. A total of 493 (7.58%) 
specimens were recaptured. The number of recaptured males and females of
 L. neivai in CDC traps was not affected by the distance between the 
trap and the release points. Approximately 90% of males and females 
recaptured in CDC traps were caught up to 70 m from the release points. 
The maximum female flight range recorded was 128 m. The average flight 
range per day was less than 60 m for males and females. Of the flies 
released in forest edge, approximately 16% of the recaptured females 
were caught in Shannon traps in the peridomicile habitat. The results 
indicate that the movements of L. neivai are spatially focal and the 
possibility of dispersion from forest to peridomicile habitat may be an 
important way of contracting leishmaniasis in dwellings.








PMID: 16410960
 

TITLE: Isolation and isoenzyme characterization of Leishmania (Viannia)
braziliensis from a case of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeast centre
of the state of São Paulo.

AUTHORS: Mc Pinto, Ja da Rosa, Zmt Fernandes, Mas Graminha, Jc Mine, Sm
Allegretti, S Delort, C Riedel, El Paes, E Cupolillo

AFFILIATION: Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Unesp, Araraquara, SP,
14801-902, Brasil.

REFERENCE: Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2005 Nov 100(7):733-4

The diagnosis of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in small towns is 
sometimes made without the species identification of the Leishmania, 
even in areas without previous epidemiological surveys. Here we report 
the isolation of a Leishmania strain from a patient of Rincão, state of
 São Paulo, that was identified by isoenzyme characterization as L. (
Viannia) braziliensis. Sand fly collections were made in the area where 
the patient live in order to investigate the likely vector species.




PMID: 16410865
 

TITLE: [Prevalence of infection by Leishmania chagasi using ELISA (rK39 and
CRUDE) and the Montenegro skin test in an endemic leishmaniasis area of
Maranhão, Brazil.]

AUTHORS: Maria do Desterro Soares Brandão Nascimento, Edilberto Costa Souza,
Leopoldo Muniz da Silva, Plinio da Cunha Leal, Karleno de Lima Cantanhede,
Geusa Felipa de Barros Bezerra, Graça Maria de Castro Viana

AFFILIATION: Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São
Luís, Brasil.

REFERENCE: Cad Saude Publica 2005 Nov-Dec 21(6):1801-7

A prospective study was undertaken in 1,520 children less than 15 years 
of age in São José de Ribamar, Maranhão, Brazil, from June 1994 to 
January 1995, to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics (
socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral) associated with infection 
by Leishmania chagasi. Montenegro skin test (MST) and enzyme-linked 
immunosorbent assay (ELISA-rK39 and CRUDE) test were used to detect 
infection. The statistical analysis used the chi2 test with Yates 
correction and a p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically 
significant. Prevalence of infection was 61.7% as measured by MST, 19.4
% according to ELISA (rK39), and 19.7% by ELISA (CRUDE). Association was
 detected between leishmaniasis in the family, water supply, application
 of insecticide, and infection by L. chagasi using MST. No association 
with infection by L. chagasi was detected using ELISA rK39 or CRUDE. 
More effective control measures are needed to reduce prevalence and to 
detect asymptomatic cases in this high percentage of infected children.




PMID: 16410884
 

TITLE: [Canine American cutaneous leishmaniasis in municipalities of northern
Paraná State, Brazil.]

AUTHORS: Paulo Donizeti Zanzarini, Demilson Rodrigues Dos Santos, Ademar
Rodrigues Dos Santos, Otílio de Oliveira, Luiz Paschoal Poiani, Maria
Valdrinez Campana Lonardoni, Ueslei Teodoro, Thaís Gomes Verzignassi Silveira

AFFILIATION: Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de
Maringá, Maringá, Brasil.

REFERENCE: Cad Saude Publica 2005 Nov-Dec 21(6):1957-61

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is an endemic disease in northern
 Paraná State, where it affects humans and dogs. This study aimed to 
verify the occurrence of the canine disease in ACL endemic areas. From 
September 1999 to July 2002, dogs were investigated in 7 rural areas of 
5 municipalities where autochthonous human cases of ACL had been 
reported. Parasitological and serological methods were used. Fourteen of
 67 dogs studied (20.9%) had lesions suggestive of ACL, of which 3 (21.4
%) were infected with Leishmania sp. Indirect immunofluorescence for 
Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis was positive in 37 (55.2%) of 67 dogs
. The results showed that human and canine ACL occur simultaneously and 
indicate the need for additional studies to elucidate the role of dogs 
in the ACL transmission cycle in the area studied.




PMID: 16409925
 

TITLE: Old World eyelid cutaneous leishmaniasis: A case report.

AUTHORS: Enrique Mencía-Gutiérrez, Esperanza Gutiérrez-Díaz, José L
Rodríguez-Peralto, Juan Monsalve-Córdova

AFFILIATION: Department of Ophthalmology, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Complutense
University, Madrid, Spain. emencia.hdoc at salud.madrid.org.

REFERENCE: Dermatol Online J 2005  11(3):29

Leishmania is a protozoa that may infect the skin, mucous, and viscera. 
The geographical distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is mainly 
determined by the sandfly vectors. The Old World type is mainly 
attributed to Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica, and in South of 
Europe only to Leishmania infantum. A 63-year-old woman, who noted a 
pimple on the external third of the left upper eyelid 6 months before. 
The lesion was nodular, well-defined and measured 1.1 cm in diameter and
 in height, simulating a basal cell carcinoma. It was surgically excised
. CL diagnosis was made upon the histologic examination, which showed 
histiocytes with intracellular leishmania organisms. At 2 years followup
, no evidence exists of cutaneous, mucous, or visceral involvement. 
Apart from carcinomas, nodular lesions with central ulceration are rare 
on the eyelid. A single cutaneous lesion of leishmania (oriental sore) 
has to be considered in the differential diagnosis, along with malignant
 eyelid neoplasms.








PMID: 16396712
 

TITLE: Visceral leishmaniasis infection in a rheumatoid arthritis patient
treated with infliximab.

AUTHORS: S Fabre, C Gibert, C Lechiche, J Dereure, C Jorgensen, J Sany

AFFILIATION: Department of Immuno-Rheumatology, CHU Lapeyronie, 371 av Doyen
Gaston Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France. s-fabre at chu-montpellier.fr

REFERENCE: Clin Exp Rheumatol 2005 Nov-Dec 23(6):891-2

Anti-TNFalpha strategies can result in significant clinical benefits in 
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but with an increased rate of opportunistic 
infections. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe disease that can 
develop in immunocompromised hosts, principally in HIV patients. VL in 
RA patients treated with TNFalpha antagonists is an extremely rare event
, and only one case has been described. Here we report a case of VL, 
occurring after 9 infusions of infliximab in association with 
azathioprine, in a patient who developed blood cytopenia, fluctuant 
fever, and splenomegaly.




PMID: 16410935
 

TITLE: [Observations on the use of TESA blot for the serological diagnosis of
Chagas' disease.]

AUTHORS: Vicente Amato Neto, Cláudia Regina De Marchi, Cláudio Santos
Ferreira, Antonio Walter Ferreira

AFFILIATION: Laboratório de Investigação Médica-Parasitologia, Hospital das
Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP.

REFERENCE: Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2005 Nov-Dec 38(6):534-5

TESA blot was compared with indirect hemagglutination, indirect 
immunofluorescence and ELISA tests. In sera from 30 participants 
infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, and in 30 non infected the four 
techniques produced entirely equivalent results, all positive and all 
negative, respectively. In cases admitted to be inconclusive or in 
visceral leishmaniasis, frequent false positives were detected. However
, TESA blot contributed with the least proportion of them.




PMID: 16116808
 

TITLE: How to catch an interesting disease when you travel.

AUTHORS: A Bryceson

AFFILIATION: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

REFERENCE: Trans Med Soc Lond 2001-2002 118():71-4




********************************************************************************************************************

 The following references are revised files and are brought to you in accordance
to license agreement with the NLM.

********************************************************************************************************************


PMID: 16097110
 

TITLE: Clinical guidelines for the management of cutaneous leishmaniasis in
British military personnel.

AUTHORS: M S Bailey, A D Green, C J Ellis, T J O'Dempsey, N J Beeching, D N
Lockwood, P L Chiodini, A D Bryceson

AFFILIATION: AMD, Slim Road, Camberley, Surrey GU15 4NP. mark.bailey at ramc.org

REFERENCE: J R Army Med Corps 2005 Jun 151(2):73-80




REQUEST: [ leishmania ]

(11 articles match this request. 6 articles matching other requests removed)







PMID: 16403015
 

TITLE: Functional characterization of front-end desaturases from trypanosomatids
depicts the first polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic pathway from a
parasitic protozoan.

AUTHORS: Karina E J Tripodi, Laura V Buttigliero, Silvia G Altabe, Antonio D
Uttaro

AFFILIATION: Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR),
CONICET, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y
Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.

REFERENCE: FEBS J 2006 Jan 273(2):271-80

A survey of the three kinetoplastid genome projects revealed the 
presence of three putative front-end desaturase genes in Leishmania 
major, one in Trypanosoma brucei and two highly identical ones (98%) in 
T. cruzi. The encoded gene products were tentatively annotated as Delta8
, Delta5 and Delta6 desaturases for L. major, and Delta6 desaturase for 
both trypanosomes. After phylogenetic and structural analysis of the 
deduced proteins, we predicted that the putative Delta6 desaturases 
could have Delta4 desaturase activity, based mainly on the conserved HX(
3)HH motif for the second histidine box, when compared with Delta4 
desaturases from Thraustochytrium, Euglena gracilis and the microalga, 
Pavlova lutheri, which are more than 30% identical to the trypanosomatid
 enzymes. After cloning and expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it 
was possible to functionally characterize each of the front-end 
desaturases present in L. major and T. brucei. Our prediction about the 
presence of Delta4 desaturase activity in the three kinetoplastids was 
corroborated. In the same way, Delta5 desaturase activity was confirmed 
to be present in L. major. Interestingly, the putative Delta8 desaturase
 turned out to be a functional Delta6 desaturase, being 35% and 31% 
identical to Rhizopus oryzae and Pythium irregulareDelta6 desaturases, 
respectively. Our results indicate that no conclusive predictions can be
 made about the function of this class of enzymes merely on the basis of
 sequence homology. Moreover, they indicate that a complete pathway for 
very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis is functional in
 L. major using Delta6, Delta5 and Delta4 desaturases. In trypanosomes, 
only Delta4 desaturases are present. The putative algal origin of the 
pathway in kinetoplastids is discussed.




PMID: 16363290
 

TITLE: Immunomodulatory properties of sand fly saliva and its role on vertebrate
host.

AUTHORS: Mahmoud Wahba, Ciristina Riera, Yousrya M Abdel-Hamid, Hany Kamal

AFFILIATION: Department of Biology and Geology, Faculty of Education, El-Arish,
Suez Canal University, Egypt. wahba95 at hotmail.com

REFERENCE: J Egypt Soc Parasitol 2005 Dec 35(3 Suppl):1135-47

The salivary glands of Phlebotomus papatasi and P. langeroni were 
investigated for their immunomodulatory properties on vertebrate hosts. 
Laboratory reared sand fly, were used for feeding on hamsters and for 
extraction of salivary gland. To determine the influence of the sand fly
 saliva homogenate (SGH) were performed ELISA using sera from injected 
hamsters by SGH. Frequent feeding of P. papatasi on hamsters were 
carried out to relate the anti-body titre with the biting rate. The 
mosquito Culex pipiens was allowed to feed on pre-exposed hamsters to P
. papatasi bites. Antibodies correlated with the saliva of both species 
showed low titre and not related either to the time (after feeding and 
injection) or to the number of fed flies. Saliva of P. langeroni (non 
vector) recorded higher anti-body titre than P. papatasi. The 
preliminary experiment of the mosquitoes' feeding (C. pipiens) on pre-
exposed hamsters on its saliva showed cross reactions between biting of 
mosquitoes and sand flies. More investigations are needed to study the 
effects of sand fly saliva on human immune responses to evaluate the fly
 salivary proteins as vaccines for leishmaniasis and to prevent or 
decrease the sand flies biting or probably mosquitoes.




PMID: 16409725
 

TITLE: [The differential features of bone marrow morphology of several rare
infectious disorders.]

AUTHORS: Xin-Yue Liu, Kai-Lan Chen, Yong You, Wan-Xin Chen, Ping Zou

AFFILIATION: Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.

REFERENCE: Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2005 Dec 44(12):902-5

OBJECTIVE: To facilitate the diagnosis of histoplasmosis, kala-azar, 
penicilliosis marneffei, toxoplasmosis and cryptococcosis with the help 
of bone marrow morphology. METHOD: The clinical features and bone marrow
 cytomorphology in 7 cases of histoplasmosis, 1 case of kela-azar, 1 
case of penicilliosis marneffei, 2 cases of toxoplasmosis and 3 cases of
 cryptococcosis were studied. RESULTS: In the bone marrow examination, 
the form of histoplasma capsule was ovoid with a colorless circle. The 
morphology of Leishmania donovani was similar to that of histoplasma 
capsule except that there were terkinetoplasts present in the former. 
Sausage form and central cross wall were signs of Penicillium marneffei
. Toxoplasma gondii looked like a banana and cryptococcus neoformans was
 larger than the others and had a thick capsule. CONCLUSION: The 
examination of bone marrow is important to the diagnosis of these rare 
infectious diseases.




PMID: 16410962
 

TITLE: Ocurrence of co-infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and
Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) evansi in a dog in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul,
Brazil.

AUTHORS: Elisa San Martin Mouriz Savani, Vania Lúcia Brandão Nunes, Eunice
Aparecida Bianchi Galati, Tiago Moreno Castilho, Fernando Shiroma de Araujo,
Iêda Maria Novaes Ilha, Maria Cecília Gibrail de Oliveira Camargo, Sandra
Regina Nicoletti D'Auria, Lucile Maria Floeter-Winter

AFFILIATION: Laboratório de Zoonoses e Doenças Transmitidas por Vetores da
Vigilância em Saúde, Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP,
02031-020, Brasil.

REFERENCE: Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2005 Nov 100(7):739-41

A natural case of co-infection by Leishmania and Trypanosoma is reported
 in a dog (Canis familiaris) in south- western state of Mato Grosso do 
Sul, Brazil. Both amastigote and trypomastigote forms were observed 
after Giemsa staining of cytological preparations of the dog's bone 
marrow aspirate. No parasite was detected using medium culture 
inoculation of the sample. DNA obtained from the bone marrow aspirate 
sample and from the blood buffy coat was submitted to polymerase chain 
reaction (PCR) with a set of rDNA-based primers S4/S12. The nucleotide 
sequence of the PCR product was identical to that of Trypanosoma (
Trypanozoon) evansi. The S4/S12 PCR was then used as template in a 
nested-PCR using a specific Leishmania set S17/S18 as primers, to 
explain the amastigote forms. The nucleotide sequence of the new PCR 
product was identical to that of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi. This 
case, as far as we know, is the first report of a dog co-infected with 
these parasites, suggesting that besides L. (L.) chagasi, the natural 
transmission of T. (T.) evansi occurs in the area under study.




********************************************************************************************************************

 The following references are revised files and are brought to you in accordance
to license agreement with the NLM.

********************************************************************************************************************


PMID: 11932440
 

TITLE: Potassium- or sodium-efflux ATPase, a key enzyme in the evolution of
fungi.

AUTHORS: Begoña Benito, Blanca Garciadeblás, Alonso Rodríguez-Navarro

AFFILIATION: Departamento de Biotecnología, Escuela Técnica Superior de
Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid,
Spain.

REFERENCE: Microbiology 2002 Apr 148(Pt 4):933-41

Potassium is the most abundant cation in cells. Therefore, plant-
associated fungi and intracellular parasites are permanently or 
circumstantially exposed to high K(+) and must avoid excessive K(+) 
accumulation activating K(+) efflux systems. Because high K(+) and high 
pH are compatible in natural environments, free-living organisms cannot 
keep a permanent transmembrane DeltapH and cannot rely only on K(+)/H
(+) antiporters, as do mitochondria. This study shows that the 
Schizosaccharomyces pombe CTA3 is a K(+)-efflux ATPase, and that other 
fungi are furnished with Na(+)-efflux ATPases, which also pump Na(+). 
All these fungal ATPases, including those pumping only Na(+), form a 
phylogenetic group, IID or ENA, among P-type ATPases. By searching in 
databases and partial cloning of ENA genes in species of Zygomycetes and
 Basidiomycetes, the authors conclude that probably all fungi have these
 genes. This study indicates that fungal K(+)- or Na(+)-ATPases evolved 
from an ancestral K(+)-ATPase, through processes of gene duplication. In
 yeast hemiascomycetes these duplications have occurred recently and 
produced bifunctional ATPases, whereas in Neurospora, and probably in 
other euascomycetes, they occurred earlier in evolution and produced 
specialized ATPases. In Schizosaccharomyces, adaptation to Na(+) did not
 involve the duplication of the K(+)-ATPase and thus it retains an 
enzyme which is probably close to the original one. The parasites 
Leishmania and Trypanosoma have ATPases phylogenetically related to 
fungal K(+)-ATPases, which are probably functional homologues of the 
fungal enzymes.




REQUEST: [ sand fly ]

(2 articles match this request. 2 articles matching other requests removed)



REQUEST: [ sandfly ]

(1 article matches this request. 1 article matching other requests removed)














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