[Leish-l] Fwd: Articles found by RefScout 2006/01/27 2006/05
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Mon Feb 20 22:57:04 BRT 2006
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Date: Fri, 27 Jan 2006 03:49:44
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This is RefScout-Newsletter 05/2006.
REQUEST: [ leishmaniasis ]
(10 articles match this request)
PMID: 16369038
TITLE: Adoptive Immunotherapy against Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis with
CD8+ T Cells Requires the Presence of Cognate Antigen.
AUTHORS: Rosalind Polley, Simona Stager, Sara Prickett, Asher Maroof, Soombul
Zubairi, Deborah F Smith, Paul M Kaye
AFFILIATION: Immunology and Infection Unit, Dept. of Biology, University of
York, P.O. Box 373, York, YO10 5YW United Kingdom. pmk2 at york.ac.uk.
REFERENCE: Infect Immun 2006 Jan 74(1):773-6
CD8(+) T cells have a protective role in experimental visceral
leishmaniasis. However, the observation that inflammatory cytokines
induce bystander activation of CD8(+) T cells questions the need for
antigen-dependent effector function. Here, we demonstrate that
successful adoptive immunotherapy with CD8(+) T cells is strictly
dependent upon the presence of cognate antigen.
PMID: 16290029
TITLE: Comparison of polymerase chain reaction with other laboratory methods
for
the diagnosis of American cutaneous leishmaniasis Diagnosis of cutaneous
leishmaniasis by polymerase chain reaction.
AUTHORS: Marcos J Marques, Angela C Volpini, George L L Machado-Coelho, Jackson
Machado-Pinto, Carlos A da Costa, Wilson Mayrink, Odair Genaro, Alvaro J
Romanha
AFFILIATION: Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas,
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
REFERENCE: Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2006 Jan 54(1):37-43
An evaluation of 5 laboratory methods for diagnosing American cutaneous
leishmaniasis (ACL) was carried out on patients from an endemic area of
Brazil. From 164 patients presenting cutaneous lesions, and suspected to
have ACL, 133 (81.1%) were confirmed for the disease by Montenegro skin
test (MST) and/or parasitologic examination (PE). In both groups of
patients, the positivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was similar
to that of immunofluorescence assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay, and higher than that of MST and PE (P < .05). In the group of
patients suspected to have ACL, PCR presented the same positivity as PE
and MST together. No correlation between positivity of the laboratory
methods and clinical or epidemiologic aspects was observed. Our data
confirmed the value of PCR as an alternative laboratory method for
diagnosing ACL, especially for those patients with negative PE and MST.
PMID: 16363290
TITLE: Immunomodulatory properties of sand fly saliva and its role on
vertebrate
host.
AUTHORS: Mahmoud Wahba, Ciristina Riera, Yousrya M Abdel-Hamid, Hany Kamal
AFFILIATION: Department of Biology and Geology, Faculty of Education, El-Arish,
Suez Canal University, Egypt. wahba95 at hotmail.com
REFERENCE: J Egypt Soc Parasitol 2005 Dec 35(3 Suppl):1135-47
The salivary glands of Phlebotomus papatasi and P. langeroni were
investigated for their immunomodulatory properties on vertebrate hosts.
Laboratory reared sand fly, were used for feeding on hamsters and for
extraction of salivary gland. To determine the influence of the sand fly
saliva homogenate (SGH) were performed ELISA using sera from injected
hamsters by SGH. Frequent feeding of P. papatasi on hamsters were
carried out to relate the anti-body titre with the biting rate. The
mosquito Culex pipiens was allowed to feed on pre-exposed hamsters to P
. papatasi bites. Antibodies correlated with the saliva of both species
showed low titre and not related either to the time (after feeding and
injection) or to the number of fed flies. Saliva of P. langeroni (non
vector) recorded higher anti-body titre than P. papatasi. The
preliminary experiment of the mosquitoes' feeding (C. pipiens) on pre-
exposed hamsters on its saliva showed cross reactions between biting of
mosquitoes and sand flies. More investigations are needed to study the
effects of sand fly saliva on human immune responses to evaluate the fly
salivary proteins as vaccines for leishmaniasis and to prevent or
decrease the sand flies biting or probably mosquitoes.
PMID: 16339064
TITLE: Application of an improved method for the recombinant k 39 enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay to detect visceral leishmaniasis disease and infection in
Bangladesh.
AUTHORS: K M Kurkjian, L E Vaz, R Haque, C Cetre-Sossah, S Akhter, S Roy, F
Steurer, J Amann, M Ali, R Chowdhury, Y Wagatsuma, J Williamson, S Crawford, R
F Breiman, J H Maguire, C Bern, W E Secor
AFFILIATION: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic
Diseases, Mailstop F-13, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
REFERENCE: Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2005 Dec 12(12):1410-5
Several serology-based immunoassays are used to diagnose visceral
leishmaniasis (VL), a chronic protozoan parasitic disease caused by the
Leishmania donovani complex. These tests are primarily designed to
diagnose the most severe clinical form of VL, known as kala-azar.
However, leishmanial infection is frequently asymptomatic and may
manifest only as a positive serologic response or positive leishmanin
skin test. We modified a previously described enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detects patient antibodies reactive
with the recombinant Leishmania protein K39 (rK39) to confirm suspected
kala-azar and to detect asymptomatic infection in a community study in
Bangladesh. With the inclusion of a standard curve on each ELISA plate,
the rK39 ELISA was more repeatable (kappa coefficient of agreement=0.970
) and more reliable compared to the original method (kappa=0.587, P<0
.001). The cutoff point for a positive antibody response was chosen
based on the 99th percentile of the ELISA distribution for the negative-
control sera. However, we found that sera from all patients with active
kala-azar yielded values more than twice the magnitude of this cutoff.
Using receiver-operator characteristic curves, we determined a second
cutoff value predictive of kala-azar. Using these criteria, the
sensitivity and specificity of the modified ELISA for kala-azar were 97.
0% and 98.9%, respectively, for sera from our study population. We
hypothesize that individuals with antibody levels greater than the 99th
percentile of the negative controls but less than the cutoff point for
kala-azar have asymptomatic leishmanial infections.
PMID: 16336313
TITLE: Analysis of the sex pheromone extract of individual male Lutzomyia
longipalpis sandflies from six regions in Brazil.
AUTHORS: J G C Hamilton, R D C Maingon, B Alexander, R D Ward, R P Brazil
AFFILIATION: Chemical Ecology/Medical Entomology Group, Centre for Applied
Entomology and Parasitology, Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine,
Keele University, Staffordshire, UK. j.g.c.hamilton at biol.kelle.ac.uk
REFERENCE: Med Vet Entomol 2005 Dec 19(4):480-8
Although the phlebotomine sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz &
Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae) is generally accepted to be a
species complex, it is unclear how many members there are, how they are
related and which are the main vectors of leishmaniasis. The vectorial
capacity of each sibling species is likely to differ, thus a means of
identifying the most important vector species is of critical importance
to the epidemiology and control of this debilitating disease in South
and Central America. In Brazil four chemotypes have been distinguished
by sex pheromone analysis. In this study the sex pheromone extracts of L
. longipalpis from six regions of Brazil were analysed in detail.
Samples included the sympatric 1-spot, 2-spot and intermediate spot
morphotypes from Sobral, Ceará State. The results strongly suggest that
members of the complex that produce different sex pheromones are
reproductively isolated, thus strengthening the argument that the
different chemotypes represent true sibling species. The study also
found significant differences in morphology and the amounts of sex
pheromone produced by members of each chemotype from different parts of
Brazil, which suggests population substructuring that has not previously
been recognized. Evidence of a fifth chemotype in Brazil is also
presented.
PMID: 16369067
TITLE: [Functional status of haemostasis system in patients with visceral
leishmaniasis.]
AUTHORS: M Lomtadze, M Khochava, I Shalamberidze, M Shilakadze, T Jokhtaberidze
AFFILIATION: Department of Children Infectious Diseases, Tbilisi State Medical
University.
REFERENCE: Georgian Med News 2005 Nov (128):59-62
During the last decades in Georgia was observed significant increase of
cases of visceral leishmaniasis and fight against this disease became
important problem as far as the management of this disease is rather
problematic. According to references and our clinical experience
patients with visceral leishmaniasis are predisposed to bleeding. The
objective of our study was the assessment of functional status of
hemostasis related to the degree of clinical severity. We have studied
platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT),
prothrombin time, thrombin time, plasma concentration of fibrinogen, the
soluble fibrin-monomeric complexes (SFMC), fibrinogen/fibrin
degradation products (D-dimer) and anticoagulant protein C. Haemostatic
functional tests were studied in 45 patients with visceral leishmaniasis
before and after treatment (with 20-25 day intervals). Before treatment
the reduction of platelet count was observed in 95%. Prolonged APTT and
prothrombin time was found in severe forms of the disease. Thrombine
time prolonged in 45,7%, SFMC level was increased in 80% (p=0,003) and D
-dimer level in 95,6% (p=0,023). Protein C was in normal value in 73%.
The results indicate that leishmania infection affects primary
haemostasis, coagulation and fibrinolysis and these alterations are
related to the severity of clinical symptoms. Investigation of SFMC and
D-dimer showed that in case of visceral leishmaniasis activation of
intravascular coagulation takes place, particularly during the severe
forms of the disease, study of these markers is of the diagnostic and
prognostic importance and the treatment at an early stage of infection
may potentially avoid the possibility of developing an uncompensated DIC.
PMID: 16232280
TITLE: [Firm blue-red solid nodules on the forehead of a 39-year-old patient]
AUTHORS: Anke Raschke, Tino Wetzig, Uwe Paasch, Sonja Grunewald, Jan C Simon
AFFILIATION: Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie,
Universität Leipzig, Stephanstrasse 11, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
anke.raschke at medizin.uni-leipzig.de
REFERENCE: J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2005 Nov 3(11):919-20
PMID: 15654471
TITLE: [Infected Lutzomyia edwardsi found in the Greater Sao Paulo area]
REFERENCE: Rev Saude Publica 2005 Feb 39(1):137-8
PMID: 16295510
TITLE: Amastigote forms of Leishmania donovani in peripheral blood.
AUTHORS: Mona Anand, Rajive Kumar, O P Malhotra, Sarika Singh
REFERENCE: Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2004 Apr 47(2):307
********************************************************************************************************************
The following references are revised files and are brought to you in
accordance
to license agreement with the NLM.
********************************************************************************************************************
PMID: 5735405
TITLE: 2-Amino-5-(1-methyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole, a new
antimicrobial agent. IX. Action against hemoflagellate infections in laboratory
animals.
AUTHORS: E J Burden, E Racette
REFERENCE: Antimicrobial Agents Chemother (Bethesda) 1968 8():545-7
REQUEST: [ leishmania ]
(7 articles match this request. 3 articles matching other requests removed)
PMID: 16369039
TITLE: Immunization with Persistent Attenuated {Delta}lpg2 Leishmania major
Parasites Requires Adjuvant To Provide Protective Immunity in C57BL/6 Mice.
AUTHORS: Chahnaz Kébaïer, Jude E Uzonna, Stephen M Beverley, Phillip Scott
AFFILIATION: Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3800
Spruce
Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104. pscott at vet.upenn.edu.
REFERENCE: Infect Immun 2006 Jan 74(1):777-80
Leishmania major parasites lacking the GDP-mannose transporter, termed
Deltalpg2 parasites, fail to induce disease in mice but persist long-
term. We previously found that Deltalpg2 organisms protect BALB/c mice
from virulent L. major challenge. In contrast, we report here that
Deltalpg2 parasites induce protective immunity in C57BL/6 mice only when
administered with CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides, indicating that
parasite persistence alone is not sufficient to maintain protective
immunity to L. major.
********************************************************************************************************************
The following references are revised files and are brought to you in
accordance
to license agreement with the NLM.
********************************************************************************************************************
PMID: 16128611
TITLE: Sequence-based discovery of the human and rodent peroxisomal proteome.
AUTHORS: Igor V Kurochkin, Takeshi Nagashima, Akihiko Konagaya, Christian
Schönbach
AFFILIATION: Immunoinformatics Team, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN
Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan.
REFERENCE: Appl Bioinformatics 2005 4(2):93-104
BACKGROUND: Peroxisomes are metabolic organelles present in virtually
all eukaryotic cells. They contain enzymes involved in hydrogen peroxide
-based respiration and lipid metabolism. At present, only a small number
of peroxisomal enzymes that are associated with oxidative stress
response and metabolic disorders have been characterised biochemically.
Therefore, we devised a sequence-based, multistep knowledge discovery
strategy to identify potential novel peroxisomal protein candidates in
small rodent model organisms and human. METHODS: Screening of 130,629
putative translations of GenBank rodent and primate mRNA sequences was
limited to the classical type-1 peroxisomal targeting signal [SA]-K-L.
This motif is over-represented among peroxisomal proteins and has a high
targeting efficiency. Subsequent steps of identifying co-occurring
motifs, secondary structure properties, orthologues and variants, in
combination with literature searching and visual inspection by domain
experts, aimed at reduction of both false positive and negative
validation targets. RESULTS: Our method yielded 117 known peroxisome-
targeted proteins and 29 novel candidate proteins. Of special interest
were the mouse C530046K17Rik and 1300019N10Rik protein sequences that
contain domains associated with enzymatic functions. C530046K17Rik
showed no similarity to any known sequence of the animal kingdom, but
weak similarity to the possible Leishmania quinone oxidoreductase and a
putative cyanobacterium nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (
NADP)-dependent oxidoreductase. 1300019N10Rik contains two protease-
related domains, glutamyl endopeptidase I and trypsin-like serine and
cysteine proteases, which may have unique specificities to achieve
efficient breakdown of proteins in the peroxisomes. CONCLUSION: One
mouse C57BL/6J strain-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 isoform might
be suitable to investigate potential phenotypes associated with the
deficit of the intraperoxisomal reduced form of NADP (NADPH) and 2-
oxoglutarate. Our biological knowledge discovery strategy enabled not
only the identification of peroxisomal enzymes already described in the
literature, but also the prediction of several novel proteins with
possible roles in peroxisomal biochemistry and metabolism that are
currently under experimental validation.
PMID: 14962378
TITLE: Protein binding and disruption by Clp/Hsp100 chaperones.
AUTHORS: Michael R Maurizi, Di Xia
AFFILIATION: Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. mmaurizi at helix.nih.gov
REFERENCE: Structure 2004 Feb 12(2):175-83
Clp/Hsp100 chaperones work with other cellular chaperones and proteases
to control the quality and amounts of many intracellular proteins. They
employ an ATP-dependent protein unfoldase activity to solubilize protein
aggregates or to target specific classes of proteins for degradation.
The structural complexity of Clp/Hsp100 proteins combined with the
complexity of the interactions with their macromolecular substrates
presents a considerable challenge to understanding the mechanisms by
which they recognize and unfold substrates and deliver them to
downstream enzymes. Fortunately, high-resolution structural data is now
available for several of the chaperones and their functional partners,
which together with mutational data on the chaperones and their
substrates has provided a glimmer of light at the end of the Clp/Hsp100
tunnel.
PMID: 14962393
TITLE: Structure and mechanism of RNA ligase.
AUTHORS: C Kiong Ho, Li Kai Wang, Christopher D Lima, Stewart Shuman
AFFILIATION: Molecular Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY
10021, USA.
REFERENCE: Structure 2004 Feb 12(2):327-39
T4 RNA ligase 2 (Rnl2) exemplifies an RNA ligase family that includes
the RNA editing ligases (RELs) of Trypanosoma and Leishmania. The Rnl2/
REL enzymes are defined by essential signature residues and a unique C-
terminal domain, which we show is essential for sealing of 3'-OH and 5'-
PO4 RNA ends by Rnl2, but not for ligase adenylation or phosphodiester
bond formation at a preadenylated AppRNA end. The N-terminal segment
Rnl2(1-249) of the 334 aa Rnl2 protein comprises an autonomous
adenylyltransferase/AppRNA ligase domain. We report the 1.9 A crystal
structure of the ligase domain with AMP bound at the active site, which
reveals a shared fold, catalytic mechanism, and evolutionary history for
RNA ligases, DNA ligases, and mRNA capping enzymes.
REQUEST: [ sand fly ]
(1 article matches this request. 1 article matching other requests removed)
REQUEST: [ sandfly ]
(1 article matches this request. 1 article matching other requests removed)
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