[leish-l] Fwd: Articles found by RefScout 2005/11/16 - 2005/46

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This is RefScout-Newsletter 46/2005.



REQUEST: [ leishmaniasis ]

(5 articles match this request)



PMID: 16282296
 

TITLE: A phase ii dose-increasing study of sitamaquine for the treatment of
visceral leishmaniasis in kenya.

AUTHORS: Monique K Wasunna, Juma R Rashid, Jane Mbui, George Kirigi, Dedan
Kinoti, Hudson Lodenyo, J Mark Felton, Antony J Sabin, John Horton

AFFILIATION: Center for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute,
Nairobi, Kenya; GlaxoSmithKline, Greenford, United Kingdom; Liverpool
University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

REFERENCE: Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005 Nov 73(5):871-6

Sitamaquine (WR6026) is an 8-aminoquinoline in development for the oral 
treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). This was an open-label, dose-
increasing study to determine the dose-response and safety profile for 
sitamaquine in Kenyan patients with VL caused by Leishmania donovani. 
Patients (mean age 15.9 [range = 5-47] years) received sitamaquine daily
 for 28 days at one of four doses: 1.75 (n = 12), 2.0 (n = 61), 2.5 (n
 = 12), or 3.0 (n = 12) mg/kg/day. The primary efficacy outcome was cure
 (absence of parasites on splenic aspirate) in the intent-to-treat 
population at day 180. Cure was achieved in 79 (83%) of 95 patients 
overall, and in 11 (92%) of 12, 49 (80%) of 61, 9 (82%) of 11, and 10 (
91%) of 11 patients at sitamaquine doses of 1.75, 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0 mg/kg
/day, respectively. The most frequent adverse events during active 
treatment were abdominal pain (12 [12%] of 97) and headache (11 [11%] of
 97), and one patient in each of the 2.5 mg/kg/day and 3.0 mg/kg/day 
dose groups had a severe renal adverse event. The effects of sitamaquine
 on the kidney need further investigation. Sitamaquine was efficacious 
and generally well tolerated in Kenyan patients with VL.








PMID: 16023786
 

TITLE: Characterization of lacrimal gland lesions and possible pathogenic
mechanisms of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs with leishmaniosis.

AUTHORS: Carolina Naranjo, Dolors Fondevila, Marta Leiva, Xavier Roura, Teresa
Peña

AFFILIATION: Departarnent de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de VeterinÃ
ria, Edifici V, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès,
Barcelona, Spain. Carolina.Naranjo at uab.es

REFERENCE: Vet Parasitol 2005 Oct 133(1):37-47

In a previous study, it was found that 2.8% of dogs with leishmaniosis 
had keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). The aim of this study was to 
characterize the lesions present in the lacrimal glands of dogs with 
leishmaniosis and to determine the presence of the parasite by means of 
immunohistochemistry. The inflammatory infiltrate was described as 
granulomatous or pyogranulomatous and was located around the ductal 
component of the glands. Immunoperoxidase staining localized the 
parasites following the same pattern. Samples from eyes that had 
clinical signs compatible with KCS presented inflammatory infiltrate and
 parasite more commonly than those from eyes without clinical signs. One
 of the mechanisms of KCS in dogs with leishmaniosis may be the 
inflammatory infiltrate located around the ducts of lacrimal glands, 
producing retrograde accumulation and retention of secretion. Meibomian 
gland was the most commonly affected by the infiltrate, highlighting the
 possibility of a qualitative KCS in these dogs.




PMID: 16107969
 

TITLE: Turnover of neutrophils mediated by Fas ligand drives Leishmania major
infection.

AUTHORS: Flavia L Ribeiro-Gomes, Maria Carolina A Moniz-de-Souza, Valeria M
Borges, Marise P Nunes, Marcio Mantuano-Barradas, Heloisa D'Avila, Patricia T
Bozza, Vera L Calich, George A DosReis

AFFILIATION: Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

REFERENCE: J Infect Dis 2005 Sep 192(6):1127-34

Apoptosis mediated by Fas ligand (FasL) initiates inflammation 
characterized by neutrophilic infiltration. Neutrophils undergo 
apoptosis and are ingested by macrophages. Clearance of dead neutrophils
 leads to prostaglandin- and transforming growth factor-beta-dependent 
replication of Leishmania major in macrophages from susceptible mice. 
How L. major induces neutrophil turnover in a physiological setting is 
unknown. We show that BALB/c FasL-sufficient mice are more susceptible 
to L. major infection than are FasL-deficient mice. FasL promotes the 
apoptosis of infected resident macrophages and attracts neutrophils. 
Furthermore, FasL-sufficient neutrophils exacerbate L. major replication
 in macrophages, whereas FasL-deficient neutrophils induce parasite 
killing. These contrasting effects are due to delaying apoptosis and the
 clearance of FasL-deficient neutrophils. The transfer of neutrophils 
exacerbates infection in FasL-sufficient mice but reduces infection in 
FasL-deficient mice. Depletion of neutrophils abolishes the 
susceptibility of FasL-sufficient mice. These data illustrate a 
deleterious role of the FasL-mediated turnover of neutrophils on L. 
major infection.








PMID: 16218216
 

TITLE: Leishmaniosis due to Leishmania infantum in a FIV and FelV positive cat
with a squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed with histological, serological and
isoenzymatic methods.

AUTHORS: A Grevot, P Jaussaud Hugues, P Marty, F Pratlong, C Ozon, P Haas, C
Breton, G Bourdoiseau

AFFILIATION: Ecole nationale vétérinaire de Lyon, Laboratoire de
parasitologie, Marcy l'Etoile, France.

REFERENCE: Parasite 2005 Sep 12(3):271-5

Leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum is an endemic zoonosis 
present in the Mediterranean area. Canidae (dog and fox) constitute the 
main reservoir hosts for the parasite, whilst wild rodents or the cat 
can be carriers of the protozoan and are considered as secondary 
potential reservoirs. This paper describes a case of disseminated feline
 leishmaniosis with cutaneous (ulcerative), visceral (spleen and lymph 
nodes) and blood involvement in a FIV-FelV positive cat. The microscopic
 identification of the Leishmania infection was initially made on a skin
 biopsy of the temporal area, where a squamous cell carcinoma was 
diagnosed. The diagnosis of the disease was achieved by several 
serological techniques (ELISA, IFAT and Western-blot). The strain was 
obtained by blood culture, characterized by electrophoresis of 
isoenzymes and identified as Leishmania infantum zymodeme MON-1. Since 
the infection due to L. infantum is a zoonosis, the potential feline 
reservoir should be more investigated. Serological analysis by Western 
blot on domestic cats provides a useful tool. In veterinary practice, 
feline leishmaniosis should be systematically included in the 
differential diagnosis when compatible cutaneous lesions are present, 
especially in the endemic areas of canine leishmaniosis.




PMID: 16167742
 

TITLE: Vaccination of BALB/c mice with Leishmania donovani derived
lipophosphoglycan does not conver cross-protection to L. major infections.

AUTHORS: W K Tonui

AFFILIATION: Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical
Research Institute, PO Box 54840, Nairobi, Kenya.

REFERENCE: East Afr Med J 2003 May 80(5):260-3

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether Leishmania donovani-derived 
lipophosphoglycan (LPG) can confer cross-protection to L. major in 
susceptible BALB/c mice model. METHODS: BALB/c mice were immunised with 
a total dose of 30 microg of LPG plus 150 microl of mycobacterium bovis 
Bacille Calmette guerin (BCG) and later challenged with virulent L. 
Major parasites. RESULTS: This study demonstrated an activation of both 
the humoral as well as cell-mediated response to LPG mixed with BCG 
which correlated with resistance against the disease. However, immunised
 mice were not protected compared to their PBS controls. CONCLUSION: 
Though L. donovani infections have been shown to confer cross-protection
 to L. major this may not be true for purified antigens.




REQUEST: [ leishmania ]

(9 articles match this request. 2 articles matching other requests removed)



PMID: 16209934
 

TITLE: Serological screening for Leishmania infantum in asymptomatic blood
donors living in an endemic area (Sicily, Italy).

AUTHORS: Claudia Colomba, Laura Saporito, Valentina Frasca Polara, Teresa
Barone, Antonino Corrao, Lucina Titone

AFFILIATION: Istituto di Patologia Infettiva e Virologia, Università di
Palermo, piazza Montalto 8, 90134 Palermo, Italy.

REFERENCE: Transfus Apher Sci 2005 Nov 33(3):311-4

The purpose of our study was to assess whether Leishmania infantum 
parasitemia occurs in asymptomatic Leishmania-seropositive subjects. 
Samples from 500 blood donors were tested using an enzyme-linked 
immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti-Leishmania antibodies were not found 
in any sample. Our findings suggest that the risk of L. infantum 
transmission by blood transfusion in Sicily is very low.








PMID: 15935489
 

TITLE: A minor fraction of base J in kinetoplastid nuclear DNA is bound by the
J-binding protein 1.

AUTHORS: Cristiane Bentin Toaldo, Rudo Kieft, Anita Dirks-Mulder, Robert
Sabatini, Henri G A M van Luenen, Piet Borst

AFFILIATION: The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Molecular Biology and
Centre of Biomedical Genetics, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The
Netherlands.

REFERENCE: Mol Biochem Parasitol 2005 Sep 143(1):111-5




PMID: 16281989
 

TITLE: Subversion of host cell signalling by the protozoan parasite Leishmania.

AUTHORS: D J Gregory, M Olivier

AFFILIATION: Centre for the Study of Host Resistance at the Research Institute
of the McGill University Health Centre, and Departments of Microbiology and
Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

REFERENCE: Parasitology 2005 Mar 130 Suppl 1():S27-35

The protozoa Leishmania spp. are obligate intracellular parasites that 
inhabit the macrophages of their host. Since macrophages are specialized
 for the identification and destruction of invading pathogens, both 
directly and by triggering an innate immune response, Leishmania have 
evolved a number of mechanisms for suppressing some critical macrophage 
activities. In this review, we discuss how various species of Leishmania
 distort the host macrophage's own signalling pathways to repress the 
expression of various cytokines and microbicidal molecules (nitric oxide
 and reactive oxygen species), and antigen presentation. In particular, 
we describe how MAP Kinase and JAK/STAT cascades are repressed, and 
intracellular Ca2+ and the activities of protein tyrosine phosphatases, 
in particular SHP-1, are elevated.




PMID: 16277750
 

TITLE: A computational investigation of kinetoplastid trans-splicing.

AUTHORS: Shuba Gopal, Saria Awadalla, Terry Gaasterland, George A M Cross

AFFILIATION: Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Rockefeller University, 1230
York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA. sxgsbi at rit.edu

REFERENCE: Genome Biol 2005  6(11):R95

Trans-splicing is an unusual process in which two separate RNA strands 
are spliced together to yield a mature mRNA. We present a novel 
computational approach which has an overall accuracy of 82% and can 
predict 92% of known trans-splicing sites. We have applied our method to
 chromosomes 1 and 3 of Leishmania major, with high-confidence 
predictions for 85% and 88% of annotated genes respectively. We suggest 
some extensions of our method to other systems.




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PMID: 12055851
 

TITLE: Genes coding structural proteins in the Leishmania braziliensis complex.

AUTHORS: C Padilla, T Barreto, M De Los Santos, D C Barker, C Carrillo, Y
Montoya

AFFILIATION: Instituto Nacional de Salud, Centro Nacional de Laboratorios de
Salud Pública, Jr Capac Yupanqui 1400, Jesus Maria, Lima, Perú.

REFERENCE: Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2002 Apr 96 Suppl 1():S49-54

Acidic ribosomal P1 and P2b proteins, referred to as P proteins, and 
histone H3 are reported for first time in the Leishmania braziliensis 
complex. Deoxyribonucleic acid analysis and multiple sequence alignment 
suggest that both P proteins may maintain their structural function in 
the ribosomal stalk, in spite of the high rate of mutations detected. 
The deduced amino acid sequence of protein P1 showed 51% identity with 
Trypanosoma cruzi protein P1 and protein P2b showed 61% identity with T
. cruzi protein P2b. Another conserved protein, L. (Viannia) 
braziliensis histone H3, showed 82% and 70% identity with histone H3 of 
L. (Leishmania) infantum and T. cruzi, respectively. The N-terminal end 
of this histone is divergent in comparison with the consensus eukaryotic
 sequence. Their predicted tridimensional structure was designed.




PMID: 1868683
 

TITLE: Malaria and Leishmania parasites share the knob-associated histidine-rich
protein gene sequences.

AUTHORS: Y D Sharma

AFFILIATION: Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi.

REFERENCE: Comp Biochem Physiol B 1991  98(4):433-5

1. The main coding region of the knob-associated histidine-rich protein
 (KAHRP) gene of Plasmodium falciparum hydridized with genomic DNA of 
Leishmania donovani. 2. A total of five EcoRI fragments of various sizes
 (7.5, 5.5, 3.2, 0.75 and 0.56 Kb) were recognized by this probe, under 
lower stringent conditions. However, under a higher stringency of 
washing, two of the smallest fragments were washed away. 3. Out of these
 EcoRI fragments, the 5.5 Kb band showed a maximum homology with the 
probe which contains the histidine-rich coding sequences, whereas the 3.
2 Kb band showed none. Thus there is a possibility that the Leishmania 
parasite also contains a KAHRP-like gene.




PMID: 14280472
 

TITLE: SYNTHESIS OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN THE SLIME MOLD PHYSARUM
POLYCEPHALUM AND THE ZOOFLAGELLATES LEISHMANIA TARENTOLAE, TRYPANOSOMA LEWISI,
AND CRITHIDIA SP.: A COMPARATIVE STUDY.

AUTHORS: E D KORN, C L GREENBLATT, A M LEES

REFERENCE: J Lipid Res 1965 Jan 6():43-50




REQUEST: [ sand fly ]

(0 articles match this request)



REQUEST: [ sandfly ]

(0 articles match this request)














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