[leish-l] Fwd: Articles found by RefScout 06/07/05 - 27/2005

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This is RefScout-Newsletter 27/2005.






REQUEST: [ leishmaniasis ]

(15 articles match this request)



PMID: 15955671
 

TITLE: Antileishmanial activity of HIV protease inhibitors.

AUTHORS: Dianella Savoia, Tiziano Allice, Pier-Angelo Tovo

AFFILIATION: Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Clinical and Biological
Sciences, University of Torino at S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano,
Torino, Italy.

REFERENCE: Int J Antimicrob Agents 2005 Jul 26(1):92-4

The proteasomes of some protozoa are possible targets for chemotherapy. 
Leishmaniasis is a major health problem in human immunodeficiency virus
 (HIV) co-infected subjects. Two HIV protease inhibitors (PI), indinavir
 and saquinavir, have been shown to block proteasome functions; we 
therefore investigated their effects on the growth of two Leishmania spp
. (Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum). After 24h of treatment, 
both drugs exhibited a dose-dependent antileishmanial activity, with 50
% lethal dose (LD(50)) values of, respectively, 8.3muM and 7muM on L. 
major; minor activity was observed on L. infantum. These results add new
 in vitro insights into the wide-spectrum efficacy of PI and suggest 
studying their action on amastigote forms of leishmania within 
macrophages in order to validate their potential contribution against 
opportunistic infections in treated seropositive patients.








PMID: 15987288
 

TITLE: Clinical and histopathological features of zoonotic cutaneous
leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia.

AUTHORS: Mae Uthman, Aa Satir, Ks Tabbara

AFFILIATION: Department of Dermatology, Solmaniya Medical Center, Manama,
Bahrain.

REFERENCE: J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2005 Jul 19(4):431-6

Background Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) caused by Leishmania 
major is a growing public health problem and endemic in many parts of 
the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The vector is Phlebotomus papatasi and the 
animal reservoirs are mainly desert rodents. Methods In this prospective
 study, the clinical and histopathological features of ZCL in 120 
patients are described and classified. The majority of these patients (n
 = 84) were non-Saudi expatriate workers who suffered mostly from 
multiple and severely inflamed nodulo-ulcerative lesions on the exposed 
parts of the body. Saudi patients were mainly children (n = 21) with few
(1-3) lesions on their limbs or sometimes unique erysipeloid facial 
lesions. Results Histopathological grouping of ZCL lesions showed four 
types of granulomatous reactions based on the predominant types of 
inflammatory cells, presence or absence of necrosis and ranking of 
parasitic index. Conclusion A possible correlation between 
histopathologic evolution of ZCL lesions and the immune status of the 
host is discussed.




PMID: 15972476
 

TITLE: Antagonizing deactivating cytokines to enhance host defense and
chemotherapy in experimental visceral leishmaniasis.

AUTHORS: Henry W Murray, Kathleen C Flanders, Debra D Donaldson, Joseph P Sypek,
Philip J Gotwals, Jianguo Liu, Xiaojing Ma

AFFILIATION: Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell
University, Box 136, 1300 York Ave., New York, New York 10021, USA.
hwmurray at med.cornell.edu

REFERENCE: Infect Immun 2005 Jul 73(7):3903-11

In experimental visceral leishmaniasis, inhibition of interleukin 10 (IL
-10) signaling enhances Th1-cell-associated responses, promoting gamma 
interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion, granuloma assembly, macrophage 
activation with substantial liver parasite killing, and synergy with 
pentavalent antimony (Sb) chemotherapy. To determine if inhibiting other
 suppressive cytokines has similar therapeutic potential, Leishmania 
donovani-infected BALB/c mice were injected with anti-IL-4 monoclonal 
antibody or receptor fusion antagonists of IL-13 or transforming growth 
factor beta (TGF-beta). Targeting IL-13 or TGF-beta enabled inhibition 
of L. donovani replication but little parasite killing; anti-IL-4 had no
 effect. None of the three antagonists promoted IFN-gamma production, 
granuloma maturation, or Sb efficacy. Excess IL-13 and TGF-beta 
exacerbated liver infection; however, effects were transient. Among IL-
10, IL-4, IL-13, and TGF-beta, cytokines capable of disabling Th1-cell 
mechanisms (including those which support chemotherapy), IL-10 appears 
to be the appropriate target for therapeutic inhibition in visceral L. 
donovani infection.




PMID: 15985037
 

TITLE: Disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis on lymphedema following
radiotherapy.

AUTHORS: Giti Sadeghian, Fariba Iraji, Mohammad Ali Nilfroushzadeh

REFERENCE: Int J Dermatol 2005 Jul 44(7):610-1




PMID: 15991833
 

TITLE: Equine infection with Leishmania in Portugal.

AUTHORS: N Rolão, M J Martins, A João, L Campino

AFFILIATION: Unidade de Leishmanioses, Centro Malária Doenças Tropicais,
Instituto Higiene Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova Lisboa, R. da Junqueira,
96, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal.

REFERENCE: Parasite 2005 Jun 12(2):183-6

The present report describes the first case of equine leishmaniasis in 
Portugal. Leishmania infection was detected in one animal, which 
presented an ulcerated skin lesion. Diagnosis was based on serology by 
CIE, and parasite DNA detection by real-time PCR using a probe specific 
for L. infantum. This finding requests further leishmaniasis equine 
surveys in order to clarify the role of the horse as reservoir host in 
european endemic areas.




PMID: 15868188
 

TITLE: Refractoriness to the treatment of sodium stibogluconate in Indian
kala-azar field isolates persist in in vitro and in vivo experimental models.

AUTHORS: Anuradha Dube, Nasib Singh, Shyam Sundar, Neeloo Singh

AFFILIATION: Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Post Box
No. 173, Lucknow, 226 001, India, anuradha_dube at hotmail.com.

REFERENCE: Parasitol Res 2005 Jun 96(4):216-23

Ever since their discovery about 60 years ago as therapeutic agent for 
visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar, pentavalent antimonials (Sb(v
)) have remained the first line treatment of choice all over the world 
including India. But recently, the number of kala-azar patients 
unresponsive to sodium stibogluconate (SSG) therapy, is steadily 
increasing in India. In this study, three clinical isolates, of which 
two were from SSG unresponsive and one from SSG responsive patients were
 evaluated for their infectivity and for their chemotherapeutic 
responses in vitro (macrophage-amastigote system) and in vivo (in 
hamsters). Persistence of SSG resistance was also checked by repeated 
passages in vitro as well as in vivo. The drug resistant strains (2039 
and 2041) did not respond to SSG therapy both in vitro as well as in 
vivo but strains 2001 and Dd8 showed full sensitivity to SSG treatment. 
All the four strains responded well to amphotericin B and miltefosine 
treatment both in macrophages and in hamsters. The specific 
chemotherapeutic responses of all the strains to SSG were consistently 
persistent after repeated passages in cultures and in vivo, which 
indicates that these isolates are truly refractory to SSG treatment in 
field conditions. Two isolates were also transfected with green 
fluorescent protein (GFP) for the development of in vitro assay for 
studying antileishmanial activities of new and reference drugs in 
macrophages by flow cytometry.








PMID: 15983738
 

TITLE: Successful treatment of antifungal- and cryotherapy-resistant
subcutaneous hyalohyphomycosis in an immunocompetent case with topical 5%
imiquimod cream.

AUTHORS: Zulal Erbagci, A Almila Tuncel, Suna Erkilic, Yasemin Zer

AFFILIATION: Departments of Dermatology, Gaziantep University Medical Faculty,
Gazimuhtarpasa Bulvari. Gecit 1. No: 1/5, 27090, Gaziantep, Turkey,
zerbagci at yahoo.com.

REFERENCE: Mycopathologia 2005 Jun 159(4):521-6

Hyalohyphomycosis is an unusual opportunistic mycotic infection where 
the tissue morphology of the causative organism is mycelial. Etiological
 agents, which are not responsible for the otherwise-named infections 
like aspergillosis, are the species of non-dematiaceous hyaline 
hyphomycetes including Penicillium, Paecilomyces, Acremonium (formerly 
known Cephalosporium), Beauveria, Fusarium, and Scopulariopsis. Several 
cases of Acremonium infection have been described in immunocompromised 
patients; however it can cause invasive disease in an immunocompetent 
person very rarely. Optimum therapy of Acremonium infection is unclear 
because of the limited number of reported cases and conflicting results 
of therapies. Imiquimod, an imidazoquinoline with potent antiviral, 
antitumor and immunoregulatory properties, is currently approved for the
 topical treatment of external anogenital warts and actinic keratosis. 
Imiquimod has also been found to be effective for other virus-associated
 dermatologic lesions, including common and flat warts, molluscum 
contagiosum, and herpes simplex virus type-2 as well as for some cases 
of cutaneous leishmaniasis. We report herein, for the first time, a case
 of unusually recalcitrant hyalohyphomycosis of the face due to 
Acremonium strictum successfully treated with topical 5% imiquimod in an
 immunocompetent patient, who had failed to respond to various 
antifungals, including itraconazole, and cryotherapy.




PMID: 15978396
 

TITLE: [Therapeutic options for visceral leishmaniasis.]

AUTHORS: P Desjeux

REFERENCE: Med Mal Infect 2005 Jun 35 Suppl 2():S74-6




PMID: 15976627
 

TITLE: [Nasal leishmaniasis: a case report]

AUTHORS: J-Fr Vellin, M Russier, G Mougeot, J-L Kemeny, L Gilain

AFFILIATION: Service d'ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Centre Hospitalier
Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 69, 63003, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1.

REFERENCE: Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 2005 Apr 122(2):100-4

OBJECTIVE: To report a nasal leishmaniasis diagnosed by septal 
perforation biopsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We report a case of septal 
perforation with crusty rhinosinusitis and nasal vestibulitis in a 54-
year-old woman with cirrhosis. RESULTS: Mucocartilaginous biopsy 
revealed a mucosal leishmaniasis. Biological and radiologic findings 
were normal. Clinical follow-up with anti-parasitical treatment showed a
 regression of the patient's muco-cutaneous lesion and regression of her
 hepatic insufficiency. CONCLUSION: Biopsy of septal perforation is a 
useful diagnostic tool, advocated for differentiate infectious, 
neoplasic and inflammatory pathology. Leishmaniasis may be evoked in 
rhinologic pathology.




PMID: 15986599
 

TITLE: Influence of phospholipid composition on the adjuvanticity and protective
efficacy of liposome-encapsulated Leishmania donovani antigens.

AUTHORS: Tuhina Mazumdar, K Anam, N Ali

AFFILIATION: Infectious Diseases Group, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4,
Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.

REFERENCE: J Parasitol 2005 Apr 91(2):269-74

In this study, we evaluate the effect of phospholipid on the 
adjuvanicity and protective efficacy of liposome vaccine carriers 
against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in a hamster model. Liposomes 
prepared with distearyol derivative of L-alpha-phosphatidyl choline (
DSPC) having liquid crystalline transition temperature (Tc) 54 C were as
 efficient as dipalmitoyl (DPPC) (Tc 41 C) and dimyristoyl (DMPC) (Tc 23
 C) derivatives in their ability to entrap Leishmania donovani membrane 
antigens (LAg) and to potentiate strong antigen-specific antibody 
responses. However, whereas LAg in DPPC and DMPC liposomes stimulated 
inconsistent delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, strong DTH 
was observed with LAg in DSPC liposomes. The heightened adjuvant 
activity of DSPC liposomes corresponded with 95% protection, with almost
 no protectivity with LAg in DPPC and DMPC liposomes, 4 mo after 
challenge with L. donovani. These data demonstrate the superiority of 
DSPC liposomes for formulation of L. donovani vaccine. In addition, they
 demonstrate a correlation of humoral and cell-mediated immunity with 
protection against VL in hamsters.




PMID: 15984621
 

TITLE: [Use of homeopathic drugs for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis]

REFERENCE: Med Parazitol (Mosk) 2005 Apr-Jun (2):42-4








PMID: 15989536
 

TITLE: Developments in the treatment of leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis.

AUTHORS: Piero Olliaro, Janis Lazdins, Felipe Guhl

AFFILIATION: UNDP/World Bank, World Health Organisation Special Programme for
Research & Training in Tropical Diseases, TDR, Geneva, Switzerland, Tel: +41 22
791 374; Fax: +41 22 791 4774;, E-mail: olliarop at who.int.

REFERENCE: Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2002 May 7(1):61-7

The leishmaniases and trypanosomiases are diseases caused by related 
parasites belonging to the kinetoplastidae family. They share common 
biological traits, which are comparatively better known than for other 
parasites, and which would favour the identification of common targets. 
Yet, very few new drugs are on the horizon and treatment relies on old, 
often toxic and ineffective drugs. Miltefosine may soon become the first
 oral drug registered for Leishmaniasis. Other compounds in clinical 
trials are paromomycin, sitamquine and lipid formulations of 
amphotericin B. For African trypanosomiasis old drugs primarily 
indicated for Chagas disease are being considered (nifurtimox, megazole
). Earlier projects are berenil, bisamidines and triazines for African 
trypanosomiasis, and novel azoles and cruzipain inhibitors for Chagas 
disease.




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PMID: 14556978
 

TITLE: Involvement of ICOS-B7RP-1 costimulatory pathway in the regulation of
immune responses to Leishmania major and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis
infections.

AUTHORS: Yasushi Miyahira, Hisaya Akiba, Shu-Hei Ogawa, Tomohiro Ishi, Shiho
Watanabe, Seiki Kobayashi, Tsutomu Takeuchi, Takashi Aoki, Katsunari Tezuka,
Ryo Abe, Ko Okumura, Hideo Yagita, Naohiro Watanabe

AFFILIATION: Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Juntendo
University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8421, Tokyo, Japan.

REFERENCE: Immunol Lett 2003 Oct 89(2-3):193-9

The ICOS-B7RP-1-mediated T cell costimulatory pathway has been 
implicated crucial for T cell activation and differentiation. In this 
study, we investigated the role of this costimulation in the regulation 
of immune responses to parasitic infections by using blocking antibody 
against B7RP-1 as well as ICOS-deficient mice. The administration of 
anti-B7RP-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) significantly suppressed the 
footpad swelling in susceptible BALB/c mice upon Leishmania major 
infection. The observation was consistent not only with the significant 
suppression of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 secretion from lymph node cells, 
which were derived from L. major-infected mice, but also with the 
significant reduction of total serum IgE and IgG(1) in anti-B7RP-1 mAb-
treated BALB/c mice. Infection of ICOS-deficient mice with L. major also
 suggested the impaired Th2 immune responses in the absence of this 
costimulation. The immunological function of ICOS-B7RP-1 costimulatory 
pathway in infection was further confirmed by infecting anti-B7RP-1 mAb-
treated wild type or ICOS-deficient mice with Nippostrongylus 
brasiliensis. The characteristic elevation of total serum IgE and 
eosinophilia upon N. brasiliensis infection was suppressed by blocking 
this costimulation. Moreover, the protection to N. brasiliensis adult 
worms was suppressed in anti-B7RP-1 mAb-treated wild type or ICOS-
deficient mice. These results suggest the crucial role of this 
costimulatory pathway in the regulation of Th2-biased T cell 
differentiation and in host immune responses against L. major and N. 
brasiliensis infections.




PMID: 11801630
 

TITLE: Cutting edge: inducible costimulator protein regulates both Th1 and Th2
responses to cutaneous leishmaniasis.

AUTHORS: Rebecca J Greenwald, Alexander J McAdam, Diane Van der Woude, Abhay R
Satoskar, Arlene H Sharpe

AFFILIATION: Immunology Research Division, Department of Pathology, Brigham and
Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

REFERENCE: J Immunol 2002 Feb 168(3):991-5

The CD28 family member inducible costimulator protein (ICOS) has an 
important role in T cell differentiation and Ig class switching. To 
investigate the role of ICOS in vivo, ICOS-/- mice were infected s.c. 
with Leishmania mexicana. While wild-type mice developed large, 
cutaneous lesions, the growth of lesions and tissue histopathology was 
significantly delayed in ICOS-/- mice. ICOS-/- mice exhibited marked 
decreases in both Th1 and Th2 cytokine production and profound defects 
in L. mexicana-specific Ig isotype class switching to IgG1 and IgG2a and
 reduced total IgE levels. Our findings indicate that ICOS is a key 
regulator of both Th1 and Th2 responses and has a role in controlling 
cutaneous L. mexicana infection.




PMID: 14122090
 

TITLE: [CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS.]

AUTHORS: E H HERMANS

REFERENCE: Ann Soc Belg Med Trop 1963 Oct 43():821-9




REQUEST: [ leishmania ]

(15 articles match this request. 8 articles matching other requests removed)



PMID: 15922459
 

TITLE: Comparison of three assays for the evaluation of specific cellular
immunity to Leishmania infantum in dogs.

AUTHORS: Hugo Fernández-Bellon, Laia Solano-Gallego, Alhelí Rodríguez, Victor
Pmg Rutten, Aad Hoek, Antonio Ramis, Jordi Alberola, Lluís Ferrer

AFFILIATION: Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Spain.

REFERENCE: Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2005 Aug 107(1-2):163-9

Cellular immune response to Leishmania plays a key role in canine 
leishmaniosis. However, there are few assays to evaluate this response 
in the dog. Here, we evaluated and compared three assays of specific 
cellular immune response to Leishmania infantum in dogs: the leishmanin 
skin test (LST), lymphocyte proliferation assay (LPA) and IFN-gamma 
cytopathic effect inhibition bioassay (IFNB). Fifty-six healthy dogs 
from an endemic area for leishmaniosis on the island of Mallorca were 
studied. In all, 37 dogs showed a positive LST and 32 a positive IFNB, 
24 were positive for both assays. The 17 dogs positive for LPA also gave
 positive results for either LST or IFNB, or both. These findings 
indicate that although LST is the method of choice, IFNB is a 
complementary test. Therefore, both assays should be performed and 
analyzed jointly. In comparison with LST and IFNB, LPA is much less 
sensitive, and yields many false negative results.








PMID: 15890416
 

TITLE: Binding affinity and capacity of putative adaptor-mediated sorting of a
Type I membrane protein in Leishmania mexicana.

AUTHORS: Frank Weise, Lutz Thilo, Markus Engstler, Martin Wiese, Isabel Benzel,
Christina Kühn, Hans-Jörg Bühring, Peter Overath

AFFILIATION: Max-Planck-Institut für Biologie, Abteilung Membranbiochemie,
D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.

REFERENCE: Mol Biochem Parasitol 2005 Aug 142(2):203-11

The membrane-bound acid phosphatase (MBAP), a Type I membrane protein 
predominantly associated with endosomal/lysosomal structures of 
Leishmania mexicana promastigotes, contains motifs in its cytosolic COOH
-terminal tail (-MEVWRRYMKFKNKQSEAIIV-COOH) akin to tyrosine- and di-
leucine-based sorting signals in multicellular organisms. Here, we first
 show that the COOH-terminal residues IIV of MBAP, but not the Y-residue
, are required for endosomal targeting, suggesting specific binding to 
an adaptor complex at the cell surface. We then determine whether 
specific binding can be saturated by analysing the efficiency of 
endosomal targeting for increasing numbers of MBAP molecules per cell. 
The ratio of the steady-state abundance of wild-type MBAP on the cell 
surface to MBAP on endosomes increases until the distribution is no 
longer different from that observed for a mutant MBAP which lacks the 
IIV-motif or for a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored form, both of 
which are distributed according to bulk membrane flow. A quantitative 
analysis of these in vivo results indicates specific binding to a 
putative adaptor complex with an affinity of about 10(-4)M to 50,000 
sorting sites on the cell surface.




PMID: 15918067
 

TITLE: Cloning and expression analysis of two novel paraflagellar rod domain
genes found in Trypanosoma cruzi.

AUTHORS: April K Clark, Gennadiy Kovtunovych, Sachin Kandlikar, Shailesh Lal,
Gabrielle A Stryker

AFFILIATION: Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester,
MI, 48309-4401, USA, gstryker at oakland.edu.

REFERENCE: Parasitol Res 2005 Jul 96(5):312-20

The eukaryotic flagellum is one of the most complex macromolecular 
structures found in cells, containing more than 250 proteins. One unique
 structure in the flagella of trypanomastids is the paraflagellar rod (
PFR). The PFR constitutes a lattice of cytoskeletal filaments that lies 
alongside the axoneme in the flagella. This unique and complex structure
 is critical for cell motility, though little is known about its 
molecular assembly or its role in the lifecycle of trypanosomatids. 
These proteins are of particular importance in Trypanosoma cruzi, as 
purified or recombinant PFR proteins have been demonstrated to be 
immunogenic, protecting mice from a lethal challenge with the parasite. 
We have searched the T. cruzi databases and discovered two novel genes 
containing PFR domains. Both these genes are transcribed in vivo and are
 significantly larger than the previously described PFR genes identified
 in T. cruzi (>2 Kb). Real-time PCR was used to examine the relative 
expression levels of six PFR genes, including the two we describe here, 
in all three stages of T. cruzi's lifecycle. Database searches have 
further provided EST and genomic sequence support for the presence of 
these genes in two other pathogenic trypanosomatids, Trypanosoma brucei 
and Leishmania spp. One of these genes, designated PFR5 contains a 
carboxy terminal SH3 domain not previously seen in PFR family genes. We 
propose that this proline-binding SH3 domain may play an important role 
in the assembly of the PFR.




PMID: 15990683
 

TITLE: The molecular characterization of clinical isolates from Indian Kala-azar
patients by MLEE and RAPD-PCR.

AUTHORS: Madhumita Manna, Hemanta Kumar Majumder, Shyam Sundar, Amar Nath
Bhaduri

AFFILIATION: Leishmania Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology,
Jadavpur, Kolkata, India.

REFERENCE: Med Sci Monit 2005 Jul 11(7):BR220-227

Background: Kala-azar is a serious health problem in India. The 
situation has worsened further due to the occurrence of cases 
unresponsive to antimonials. About 30-50% patients do not respond to the
 prevailing regimen of antimonials. The etiological agent for Indian 
kala-azar has long been known to be Leishmania donovani. Recently, in a 
somewhat startling report, it was claimed that L. Tropica causes nearly 
25% of current kala-azar cases in India. It was also suggested that this
 might be in some way related to the unresponsiveness to pentavalent 
antimonials in the field. Material/Methods: Two independent molecular 
characterization techniques, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) 
and RAPD-PCR, were employed to analyze 15 clinical isolates from 
confirmed Indian kala-azar patients collected from the eastern part of 
the country over a period of nearly 20 years. The collection included 
six Sb(5+)-unresponsive and one PKDL case. Results: Our observations 
strongly suggest that all the clinical isolates, including the antimony
 (Sb(5+))-unresponsive and PKDL ones, we studied were identical to the 
WHO reference strain (DD8) for Leishmania donovani by both the above 
methods and no strain variation might have occurred in two major 
epidemic and inter-epidemic periods. We also observed that none of the 
Sb(5+)-unresponsive stains we analyzed was related to L. Tropica. 
Conclusions: We conclude that L. Donovani may be the causal agent for 
Indian kala-azar and that L. Tropica is most likely not an etiological 
agent for Indian Kala-azar cases that are unresponsive to antimonials.




PMID: 15978364
 

TITLE: [Leishmania transmission to children in southern france.]

AUTHORS: P Minodier, P Blanc, G Noël, N Galon, J-M Garnier

AFFILIATION: Urgences Pédiatriques, CHU Nord, Chemin des Bourrelly, 13915
Marseille Cedex 20, France.

REFERENCE: Med Mal Infect 2005 Jun 35 Suppl 2():S114-6




PMID: 15913461
 

TITLE: A sensitive flow cytometric methodology for studying the binding of L.
chagasi to canine peritoneal macrophages.

AUTHORS: Ricardo Gonçalves, Etel R Vieira, Maria N Melo, Kenneth J Gollob,
David M Mosser, Wagner L Tafuri

AFFILIATION: Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas
(ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil. wagner at icb.ufmg.br.

REFERENCE: BMC Infect Dis 2005 May 5(1):39

BACKGROUND: The Leishmania promastigote-macrophage interaction occurs 
through the association of multiple receptors on the biological membrane
 surfaces. The success of the parasite infection is dramatically 
dependent on this early interaction in the vertebrate host, which 
permits or not the development of the disease. In this study we propose 
a novel methodology using flow cytometry to study this interaction, and 
compare it with a previously described "in vitro" binding 
assay. METHODS: To study parasite-macrophage interaction, peritoneal 
macrophages were obtained from 4 dogs and adjusted to 3 x 106 cells/mL. 
Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi parasites (stationary-phase) were 
adjusted to 5 x 107 cells/mL. The interaction between CFSE-stained 
Leishmania chagasi and canine peritoneal macrophages was performed in 
polypropylene tubes to avoid macrophage adhesion. We carried out assays 
in the presence or absence of normal serum or in the presence of a final
 concentration of 5% of C5 deficient (serum from AKR/J mice) mouse serum
. Then, the number of infected macrophages was counted in an optical 
microscope, as well as by flow citometry. Macrophages obtained were 
stained with anti-CR3 (CD11b/CD18) antibodies and analyzed by flow 
citometry. RESULTS: Our results have shown that the interaction between 
Leishmania and macrophages can be measured by flow cytometry using the 
fluorescent dye CFSE to identify the Leishmania, and measuring 
simultaneously the expression of an important integrin involved in this 
interaction: the CD11b/CD18 (CR3 or Mac-1) beta2 integrin. CONCLUSION: 
Flow cytometry offers rapid, reliable and sensitive measurements of 
single cell interactions with Leishmania in unstained or phenotypically 
defined cell populations following staining with one or more 
fluorochromes.




PMID: 15991492
 

TITLE: Detection of species-specific antibody response of humans and mice bitten
by sand flies.

AUTHORS: I Rohousova, S Ozensoy, Y Ozbel, P Volf

AFFILIATION: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Vinicna 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic. rohousova at seznam.cz

REFERENCE: Parasitology 2005 May 130(Pt 5):493-9

Sand fly saliva plays an important role in Leishmania transmission. We 
characterized the host antibody response to saliva from 3 sand fly 
species. Specific IgG was observed in sera from experimentally bitten 
mice as well as in sera from individuals living in the endemic area of 
Leishmania tropica in Sanliurfa, Turkey. Sera of Sanliurfa inhabitants 
showed high IgG levels against saliva of Phlebotomus sergenti and P. 
papatasi, the 2 most abundant sand fly species in this area, but did not
 react with saliva of the New World sand fly, Lutzomyia longipalpis. 
Patients with active Le. tropica lesions possessed significantly higher 
anti-P. sergenti IgG levels than the healthy individuals from the same 
place while anti-P. papatasi IgG levels were equal in both groups. Major
 protein bands in P. papatasi and P. sergenti saliva reacted with both, 
human and mice sera; in P. papatasi, however, mouse IgG recognized 
preferentially the 42 kDa protein band while the human IgG reacted 
strongly with the 30 kDa band. Our data suggest that the antibody 
response to sand fly saliva could be used for monitoring the exposure of
 humans and other hosts to sand flies and might be used as a marker of 
risks for Leishmania transmission in endemic areas.




REQUEST: [ sand fly ]

(1 article matches this request. 1 article matching other requests removed)



REQUEST: [ sandfly ]

(0 articles match this request)














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